如何在拔除液体时减轻病人的痛苦

静脉输液是临床抢救和治疗病人的重要措施之一。为了减轻拔除液体给病人带来的痛苦。特将此点体会总结如下：     

沙培林联合顺铂经中心静脉导管治疗恶性心包积液的临床研究

目的 探讨沙培林(链球菌制剂，OK-432)联合顺铂经留置于心包的中心静脉导管治疗恶性心包积液的临床效果。方法 按照世界卫生组织规定的疗效评定标准，回顾性分析我科自1998年5月～2002年5月应用沙培林联合顺铂心包穿刺经中心静脉导管治疗恶性心包积液35例的疗效。结果 完全缓解(CR)22例(62.9％)，部分缓解(PR)10例(28.6％)，稳定(S)2例(5.7％)，无效(PD)1例(2.9％)，总有效率97.1％。结论 沙培林联合顺铂经留置于心包的中心静脉导管治疗恶性心包积液简单易行，效果确实可靠，安全性高，值得临床推广应用。     

应用Foley管行食管异物取出16例分析

食管异物为耳鼻咽喉科常见急诊，小儿病例中硬币异物屡有发生。我院尝试用Foley管行食管硬币取出，效果满意。报告如下。     

使用静脉留置针后出现并发症的原因分析与预防

目的:分析使用静脉留置针出现并发症的原因,预防和减少并发症的发生。方法:通过对702例使用静脉留置针患者34例出现并发症的原因进行分析。结果:静脉留置针常见并发症有渗漏、脱管、静脉炎、堵管、过敏等。结论:严格按有关操作规程操作,加强巡视,提高护士的业务素质,做好预防护理是预防和减少并发症的有力措施。     

Effect comparison between sacral blocking and massage combined with traction on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc

Background:Epidural injection is an important method in treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.Especially in the recent decade sacral injection is adopted more and more often.Objective:To compare the clinical effects of sacral blocking and massage combined with traction.Unit:Yinhe Hospital of Beijing.Subjects:290 outpatients with grade Ⅱ of ASAI were selected from May,1994 to July,2000.Patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=145)and control group(n=145).Sacral blocking was adopted in observation group and 80 males and 65 females aged 20-78(mean:46.4)years old were included with disease course 3 days to 30 years.Massage combined with treaction was adopted in control group and 74 males and 71 females aged 22-74(mean:44.9)years oled were inmcluded with disease course 2 days to 10 years.Interention:Sacral blocking:Operation was according to sacral blocking and druge(dexamethasone injection,2 mg;0.75% bupivavaine hydrochloride,5 ml;saline,50ml) were injected slowly after success of puncture.Patient rested for 0.5h after injection and left treatment room if no adverse effects occurred.Massage combined with traction:Massage was adopted after traction to every patients.(1)Massage:Patient was seated at square stool and lower limbs separated naturally with same width of shoulders.Doctors sit behind patient.First,thubs of both hands were pressed on projecting part near spinous process(pressing points were selected according to different projecting part).Flexing and extending forward and backward were taken at the same time and extent was ddecided addording to patients‘ maximal endurable degree,5-10 timmes.Upper part of body was turned 45 degrees to left and right.Massage was still taken to affected part,3-t times.(2)Traction:Pelvis was extracted with general physical therapy and massage table.Supine position,chest and treaction bandage were fixed,tractiron wheel was turned slowly until patient felt comfortable with maximal endurance as limit(traction force,20-40kg),After extracting for 5 minutes,massagee switch was turned on to take rolling massage to bck and both lower libmbs.Traction force was increased every5 minutes and limit was still according to patient‘s maximal endurance,30 minutes for every time,once a day and ten times as a therapeutic course.Cohclusion:Effect of sacral blocking on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc was positive and fewer therapeutic time were needed.Massage combined with traction was also effective,safe and no adverse effects wer observed,but more therapeutic times were neeeded and inconveinient.     

静脉药物配置中心成立对我院护理人员工作的影响

目的:静脉药物配置中心对护理人员工作的意义。方法:静脉药物配置中心成立前后护理工作的对比。结果:静脉药物配置中心的成立对护理人员的工作和自身素质的提高有深远影响。结论:静脉药物配置中心的成立有利于护理工作的开展。     

根管治疗术和干髓术对牙折影响的对比研究

用国内常用的牙髓治疗方法对30颗完整、新鲜、离体下颔磨牙进行牙髓治疗,然后测试其抗折力,经统计学处理发现:根管治疗术后磨牙的抗折力明显高于干髓术后磨牙的抗折力,干髓剂是其主要影响因素,改进干髓剂垫置方法后,可以明显提高干髓术后磨牙的抗折力。     

自制打结器用于小切口胆囊切除术60例临床观察

胆囊切除术目前主要的方法有经典式胆囊切除术（OC）、小切口胆囊切除术（MC）和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）。我们自2004年9月。2006年10月，对60例行小切口胆囊切除术中技巧性地应用自制打结器，对胆囊管、胆囊动脉的深部结扎线进行打结。在结扎胆囊管、胆囊动脉的过程中，既能结扎牢胆囊管、胆囊动脉，又不损伤周围组织，也无结扎线断裂、松动、滑脱，术后未出现胆漏、出血等并发症。临床效果观察，均非常满意，现报告如下：     

肾脏损伤100例诊治体会

肾脏损伤在腹部外伤中并不少见，且常合并其他组织器官损伤。1973年4月至1985年5月，我院共收治肾损伤100例，现报告如下。