不同生物材料假体在人工关节置换中的应用现状

背景：人工关节置换中假体材料替代原有的病损关节,可以极大改善患者的关节功能,减轻疼痛,恢复运动,提高生活质量。 目的：概述目前应用于关节置换领域的假体材料及研究进展。 方法：以biomaterials, joint prosthesis, implants为检索词,检索PubMed 数据库(2000年1月至2011年12月中有关关节置换领域假体材料的文献。 结果与结论：目前临床中常见的关节假体材料包括金属、聚合物、陶瓷等,这些材料已被学者们所接受,并广泛应用于临床中,但仍存在一些不足和亟待解决的问题,如何完善和提升金属、聚合物、陶瓷的性能,降低甚至去除可能的磨损、离子释放、骨溶解、碎裂等不良后果,是目前需要学者们共同考虑的问题。相信随着制作工艺的不断进步、研究的不断深入,牢固可靠的假体材料定将推陈出新,达到更加令人满意的疗效,为临床所用。     

SCI收录的生物材料类期刊介绍

英文刊名:Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers中文刊名:《生物活性与相容性聚合物》ISSN:0883-9115影响因子:1.896(2008)     

聚乳酸基形状记忆输卵管避孕器的制备与应用安全性分析

BACKGROUND: Shape-memory polymer materials can be used as intrauterine device materials, which have certain shape changes under the influence of external temperature, and have good biodegradation, and are harmless to human body. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device and to analyze its application features. METHODS: Poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device was prepared in this experiment. Sixty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 rabbits in each group: experimental group were bilaterally implanted poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device, and control group had no intrauterine device. Gross observation, blood test and histological examination were conducted at different time after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 weeks of implantation, the intrauterine device was smooth and thickened and shortened compared with before implantation; after 6 weeks of implantation, the device became thinned and further shortened and even disappeared partially. No significant difference was found in the leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, creatinine and urea levels between the two groups at 6 weeks after implantation. In the experimental group, obvious edema and hyperemia in the tubal mucosa were visible at 4 weeks after implantation, and a very small amount of infiltrated lymphocytes were present at 6 weeks after implantation, and edema and hyperemia were improved significantly. These findings indicate that after implantation, the poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device can deform and degrade, and result in a certain pressure on the oviduct wall, but has no cell toxicity and possesses good application security. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

医用热熔胶的研究与应用

BACKGROUND: Hot-melt adhesive is safe and environmental friendly adhesive due to free of solvent, which is particularly suitable for medical applications. OBJECTIVE: To describe the types and characteristics of currently used hot-melt adhesives and to prospect the technical research and development of hot-melt adhesive for polyolefin tubes or catheters as well as to point out the corresponding key points to the hot-melt adhesion. METHODS: Literature search was carried out in SCI, Elsevier, and CNKI with the key words of “hot melt adhesive, medical application” in English and Chinese, respectively, for the initial retrieval of relevant articles or patents published January 1995 to December 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: To date, the medical hot-melt adhesives reported in the literature could be grouped as amorphous polyolefin, thermoplastic elastomer, acrylic and polyurethane types. The heat resistance of the most of the hot-melt adhesives does not meet the requirement for steam sterilizing process. In the present review, a strategy is proposed to develop a novel hot-melt adhesive which is good for binding polyolefin parts and can undergo the sterilization process. Given this, it is essential to choose a kind of polypropylene random copolymer with a suitable melting point as a substrate. With the aid of an adjuvant agent, therefore, we can develop a novel hot-melt adhesive that exhibits a lower melting point than the polyolefin tube, withstands steam sterilization temperature to ensure that the tube is not deformed during melt adhesion and is not become invalid during sterilization.      

冠状动脉多聚合物生物可吸收支架的研究

<正>PCI是治疗冠心病的重要手段,1977年Gruntzig发明了PTCA治疗冠心病,开创了介入心脏病学的新纪元。人们希望有一种冠状动脉支架,既可以有像药物洗脱支架一样的低再狭窄率,同时又有较好的远期安全性。生物可吸收支架目前开始成为关注的焦点和热点[1]。目前临床上研究的可吸收支架主要有2种:即多聚合物型可吸收支架和可吸收     

冠状动脉生物可降解支架的研究现状

【】随着老年化的进展,冠心病成为威胁人类生命的重要杀手。随着血管介入的不断发展,冠心病的诊治水平达到新的突破。但是金属裸支架长期存留会导致血管内再狭窄的发生。生物可降解支架的出现是必然的趋势,本文通过概述生物可降解支架的目前临床试验、发展历程,指出当前各种支架所面临的问题,并对其未来进行展望。     

穿心莲内酯磁性分子印迹聚合物的制备及吸附性能考察

目的 制备穿心莲内酯磁性分子印迹聚合物(An-MMIPs)用于穿心莲内酯的分离纯化.方法 以KH570改性的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒为载体、穿心莲内酯为模板分子、丙烯酰胺为功能单体、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,通过反相微乳法制备An-MMIPs,采用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪对其进...     

活髓切断术应用于龋源性露髓恒牙的初步研究

［摘要］目的 将活髓切断术应用于牙根已经发育完成的龋源性露髓恒牙,随访观察其临床疗效,为其应用于临床提供一定的理论指导。方法 收集龋源性露髓且牙根发育完成的患牙63例,其中行活髓切断术组为实验组（30例）,行根管治疗术组为对照组（33例）,术后分别于3、6、12、24个月进行复诊,通过临床评估及影像学评估来评价治疗效果,并进行比较,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 观察3、6、12、24个月,活髓切断术组的成功率分别为100%、 96.67%、96.67%、93.33%,根管治疗术组的成功率分别为100%、100%、96.97%、96.97%,两组成功率无统计学差异（χ2=0.010, P=0.601）。 结论 活髓切断术可以应用于龋源性露髓的成熟恒牙并取得较高的成功率,是除根管治疗术以外可供选择的另一种较好的治疗方法。     

可降解形状记忆聚合物在口腔医学领域应用研究进展

形状记忆聚合物在适当的刺激(温度、光、电、磁、溶剂)下,可以完成从暂时态到永久或者初始形状的转变。其中,热致型形状记忆聚合物最具代表性,可以通过转变温度来完成形状记忆。在医疗领域,生物相容性、机械性能、可降解性等都是至关重要的因素。凭借形状记忆效应,可降解形状记忆聚合物在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文就形状记忆聚合物的记忆机理、可降解形状记忆聚合物的分类及其在口腔医学领域的应用作一综述。     

形状记忆聚氨酯变形-复形前后与成骨细胞的相容性

 背景：形状记忆聚氨酯具有良好的理化性能及细胞相容性,但关于形状记忆聚氨酯变形-复形前后成骨细胞相容性的相关报道相对较少。目的：观察形状记忆聚氨酯变形-复形前后的成骨细胞相容性。方法：制备形状记忆聚氯酯膜材,于实验环境下进行拉伸-固形-复形,获得变形-复形后的膜材料。将SD乳鼠成骨细胞分别接种于变形-复形前后的形状记忆聚氯酯膜材料上,培养2 h后,计数细胞黏附量,观察细胞铺展情况;培养1-11 d,检测细胞增殖活力。结果与结论：变形-复形后形状记忆聚氯酯膜材料上成骨细胞的黏附量、增殖活力均显著高于变形-复形前形状记忆聚氯酯膜材料上的成骨细胞(P < 0.05);成骨细胞在变形-复形后形状记忆聚氨酯上呈梭状,排列呈现出明显的定向性,铺展面积较小;成骨细胞在变形-复形前形状记忆聚氨酯上呈多边形,细胞排列无特定方向性,铺展面积较大。结果表明经变形-复形处理后,形状记忆聚氨酯具有更好的成骨细胞相容性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程