L-丙酰肉碱对再灌注心肌损伤的保护及体外抗自由基作用

目的:观察L－丙酰肉碱对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用，并探讨其机理。方法：采用大鼠在体心脏冠状动脉前降支阻断5min造成缺血再灌注模型，持续心电监护，观察心律失常与心功能指标；应用电子顺磁共振观察L－丙酰肉碱对Fenton体系及二甲基亚砜（DMSO）碱性有氧体系产生自由基的作用。结果：L－丙酰肉碱静脉给药明显减少再灌注时室性心动过速、室性纤维颤动的发生（P＜0．05），促进再灌注后左室收缩压、左室压最大上升速率、左室压最大下降速率、心力环面积的恢复，与对照组相比，各参数均明显增高（P＜0．05）；静脉注射L－丙酰肉碱100mmol／L时促进Fenton体系OH的产生，而500mmol／L时产生明显抑制作用，L－丙酰肉碱明显抑制DMSO碱性有氧体系OS的产生。结论：L－丙酰肉碱明显减少再灌注心律失常的发生，促进再灌注后心功能的恢复。推测它对自由基的作用可能是再灌注损伤保护机理之一。     

微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的术中配合体会

我院手术室自 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月配合神经内外科采用微创清除术救治高血压脑出血患者共 2 3例 ,取得了一定疗效 ,现将术中配合护理体会浅谈如下。1　临床资料本组 2 3例 ,男 13例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 4 4～ 73岁 ,平均年龄 5 3岁。血压大于 16 0 / 10 0mmHg ,神志清醒 ,烦躁不安 1例 ,其余均处于不同程度的半昏迷、昏迷状态 ,其中 3例有脑疝出现。出血量 5 0～ 14 0ml,因血液流出成高凝状态堵塞管腔而重新钻孔置管者 1例。术中行气管切开 2例。治疗结果 :死亡 4例 ,未愈而出院 7例 ,好转而出院 12例。2　手术方法病人取平卧位 ,将…     

自由基与小儿肾脏疾病

近年来自由基(Free Radical)在人类的健康和疾病方面的研究已达到细胞和分子水平,其研究几乎涉及基础与临床各学科。本文就自由基与小儿肾脏疾病近年的研究作一概述。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

新化合物 A-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-Δ3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2-酮的合成

报道新化合物A-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-Δ^3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2-酮2的合成。文中探讨了用炔钾粗品对A-失碳-Δ^3(5),9(10)-雌甾二烯-2，17-二酮１和Ａ-失碳-６β，１９-环氧-Δ³-雄甾-2，17-二酮3的选择性炔化，分别得标题化合物2（44%）及Ａ-失碳-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-６β，１９-环氧-Δ³雄甾-2-酮４（６５％），４经还原性破开环氧、去羟甲基和去醋酰氧基合成了标题化合物２。四步总收率为３４％。     

脑出血颅内血肿微创清除术36例护理体会

脑出血在我国发病率、病死率、致残率均较高,严重威胁着人类的健康。国内报道脑出血采用颅内血肿微创清除术治疗,病死率15.81%[1]。我院2003年1月—2005年1月应用颅内血肿微创清除术治疗脑出血36例,效果满意。现将护理体会报道如下。1临床资料36例脑出血均经脑CT确诊,男25例,女11例;年龄41~78岁,平均56.5岁。病因分析:高血压性脑出血21例,淀粉样脑血管病3例,脑动脉畸形2例。出血量25~80 mL,平均41mL。本组患者均在病房实施手术,用Y2-I型一次性颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针在CT定位下穿刺并固定于血肿靶点,应用正压连续冲刷、液化原理,综合生化酶…     

后颅窝血肿清除术后吞咽障碍患者鼻饲的护理

随着人们生活节奏的加快，交通事故的发生率逐年上升，外伤中脑外伤患者越来越多，病情重而且急。在护理后颅窝血肿清除术后吞咽障碍患者时，为了保证患者的营养供给，绝大多数患者都要进行鼻饲，因此鼻饲的护理至关重要，它对改善营养状况，预防并发症及病情恢复有重要作用。现将护理体会介绍如下。