离心机转速的写法及相对离心力的正确表示

有的作者将离心机转速用rpm表示,这是非法定单位的写法。正确的写法是：当低速离心时用r/min表示;当高速或超速离心时用相对离心力“×g”表示,g是斜体,前面是乘号。     

提高基层医务人员业务水平的途径

山东青岛海军潜艇学院门诊部徐咏梅、张艳冬来稿：提高基层医务人员业务水平的途径。文章说，基层医务人员担负着广大基层官兵的卫生防疫、医疗保障等任务，但目前个别基层医疗单位人员编制少、学历低、科室设制不全、医务人员临床实践欠缺。因此，可通过以下途径提高基层医务人员业务水平。（1）继续学历教育。根据单位情况，采取脱产、函授、自学考试等．其中函授和自学考试两种方式既不影响单位工作，又能给自己造成一定的压力和动力。（2）到上级医院进修。基层单位领导应统筹安排、内外协调，在保证单位工作正常运转的前提下，有计划、     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

更正启事

司荣芳同志的论文《保持会阴完整性的体会》发表在《中国现代药物应用》2009年3月第3卷第6期。论文作者单位在刊登中出现错误，现予更正：由“河南省阳信县人民医院”更正为“山东省阳信县人民医院”。     

亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养并发症的观察及护理

报道48例亚低温治疗患者采用一次性投给、间歇滴注和连续输注营养膳的方式鼻饲营养，其并发症有：腹泻、腹胀、肠蠕动亢进，便秘，食物反流，吸入性肺炎，代谢紊乱，高血糖，水、电解质失衡，鼻胃管堵塞等。护理中体会到亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养的时机最好在急性期1～2d后，应用鼻饲泵连续输注，适时使用胃肠动力药西沙比利．掌握营养膳的配制和正确的鼻饲方法，严密观察，发现异常及时处理，可大大降低并发症的发生。     

弘扬抗震救灾精神 积极推进卫生强省建设——在《医苑光华》首发座谈会上的讲话

省卫生厅编辑的反映我省卫生系统抗震救灾工作的纪实性大型图书《医苑光华》日前由新华出版社出版．并陆续在全省各地发行，该书50余万言，穿插配有四百余幅图片，点面结合，图文兼收，真实地记录了省委、省政府及各级党政领导对抗震救灾工作的高度重视和时医疗卫生救援的关心支持．客观地反映了省卫生厅及各级卫生行政部门、各医疗卫生单位顾全大局、迅即行动、果断决策、指挥若定的部署安排。全景式展现了广大医疗卫生工作者舍生忘死、共克时艰的救援场面．如实地再现了全省卫生系统抗震救灾的英勇历程，2008年12月23日，省卫生厅在济南召开了《医苑光华》首发座谈会．厅党组书记、厅长包文辉参加座谈会并作重要讲话．厅巡视员张玉柱主持了会议、     

成年干细胞培养太久有癌变危险

据2005年31卷16期《中国医学论坛报》报道，西班牙马德里自治大学Bemad等和丹麦欧登塞大学医院Burns等在Canceer Research(2005，65：3035；3126)上报道，如果成年人干细胞离体培养增殖太久，有可能发生癌变。     

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠血清β-内啡肽、皮质酮和血浆T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：观察长时间不同负荷运动训练对大鼠免疫系统功能和内分泌系统反应的影响。 方法：实验于2005-06／08在淮阴师范学院体育系运动生化实验室完成。选择健康雄性SD大鼠24只，随机分3组，对照组、120min训练组、60min训练组，每组8只。对照组：平时不运动，自由饮食。60min训练组：前1周每天适应训练30min。然后每天无负重游泳1次，60min／次，共8周。120min训练组：适应期每天游泳增加10min，直至每天游泳120min，共8周。运动条件：玻璃钢游泳池150cm&;#215;60cm&;#215;70cm，水深60cm，约为大鼠身长2倍，水温（31&;#177;1）℃。大鼠末次游泳24h后，依次麻醉，从腹腔动脉处各取血5mL置于洁净的离心玻璃试管中，室温放置0．5h低温分离血清（4℃，3000r／min，10min），-30℃保存，采用放射免疫法测定血清β-内啡肽、皮质酮、白细胞介素2的含量，从腹主动脉取血2mL, 置于一个加抗凝剂的玻璃试管中，采用酶标法测定血浆T细胞亚群（CD3^＋，CD4^＋，CD8^＋）数目。 结果：纳入动物24只，均进入结果分析。①大鼠体质量的变化：训练后对照组、60min训练组，120min训练组的体质量较训练前有显著增加，120min训练组的体质量增长率显著低于60min训练组和对照组；60min训练组的体质量增长率显著高于对照组。②大鼠下丘脑和血清β-内啡肽以及血清皮质酮水平：与对照组相比，120min训练组训练后下丘脑和血清中β-内啡肽水平显著升高，60min训练组下丘脑中β-内啡肽含量显著升高，血清中含量显著降低。与对照组相比，120min训练组血清中皮质酮水平显著升高，60min训练组大鼠血清中的皮质酮水平显著降低。③大鼠血浆T淋巴细胞亚群数目及血清白细胞介素2：与对照组相比，120min训练组训练后血清白细胞介素2含量显著下降，60min训练组血清中自细胞介素2水平显著升高。与对照组相比，60min训练组血清CD3^＋，CD4^＋数目显著升高，CD8^＋数目差异无显著性，120min训练组CD3^＋,CD4^＋含量显著升高。 结论：不同负荷运动训练对大鼠免疫功能和神经内分泌的影响不同，两系统之间的内部机制需进一步探讨。