淋巴细胞亚群在成人麻疹患者中的变化及其临床意义

随着麻疹疫苗的广泛应用，麻疹发病的年龄有后移现象，成人麻疹的发病率明显增加。麻疹的发病机制除了与麻疹病毒侵入细胞直接引起细胞病变外，全身性迟发型超敏性细胞免疫反应在麻疹的发病机制中起了非常重要的作用。在成人麻疹的发病过程中，检测其细胞免疫功能的变化，尚少见报道。为了解成人麻疹细胞免疫功能状况，探究其发病机制，我们对2006年1～5月无锡地区住院的成人麻疹患者外周血T细胞亚群（CD3、CD4、CD8）及自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）、细胞毒性T细胞（CTL细胞）进行了检测，并对它们的相互关系进行了分析。     

大鼠延髓和脊髓背角内PKCγ阳性神经元向中缝大核的投射

目的 研究大鼠延髓背角和脊髓背角浅层内蛋白激酶Cγ亚单位（PKCγ）阳性神经元向中缝大核（NRM）的投射。方法 荧光金（FG）逆行追踪和PKCγ免疫荧光组织化学染色相结合的双标记方法。结果 将FG注入NRM，在延髓和脊髓背角的Ⅰ-Ⅲ层内可见FG逆标神经元；PKCγ阳性神经元主要分布于延髓和脊髓背角的Ⅱ层内侧部及Ⅱ、Ⅲ层交界处，Ⅰ、Ⅲ层内较少；延髓背角Ⅰ层和脊髓背角Ⅰ－Ⅲ层可观察到FG逆标并呈PKCγ阳性的双标神经元。结论 延髓和脊髓背角浅层向NRM投射的神经元含PKCγ，提示PKCγ在向NRM传递痛信息的通路中可能发挥重要作用。     

氧化应激在维持性血液透析患者心血管疾病中的作用

心血管病变是维持性血液透析患者最常见的并发症和死亡的首位原因.维持性血液透析患者体内氧化应激和微炎症状态相互促进、相互影响,在动脉粥样硬化性心血管病的发生发展过程中起着重要作用.     

血绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位在早期诊断异位妊娠中的作用

异位妊娠又名宫外孕，是指受精卵种植在子宫腔以外部位的妊娠。近年来国内外文献报道异位妊娠发病率呈上升趋势，可能与性病、流产等高危因素增加、助孕技术广泛开展等有关。异位妊娠在早期与先兆流产有时不易鉴别，为了探讨血绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位（β-hcG）值在早期诊断异位妊娠中的价值，我们对比分析研究了同期住院的异位妊娠和先兆流产患者的血β-hcG值。     

弥漫性轴索损伤行亚低温治疗的护理

弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury DAI）是外伤直接引起的脑白质广泛性轴索损伤，是闭合性颅脑损伤中最严重的原发性损伤之一，占重型颅脑损伤20％，占死亡病人的29％-43％。其临床特点为病情危重，昏迷时间长，并发症多，这就给临床治疗和护理提出了更高要求，早期行亚低温治疗并给予护理干预，将大大提高病人的生存率，降低死亡率，提高病人的生命生存质量。     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

人血管生长素的亚细胞定位

已有大量研究表明血管生成素（angiogenin，ANG）与肿瘤的快速生长和转移有密切的关系，肺癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌等患者的外周血血清中，ANG的水平明显升高，血清ANG的水平与这些肿瘤的发展及转移呈显著正相关，因此，可以检测血清中ANG的水平来预测肿瘤的发生与发展情况。此外，ANG对于创伤、烧伤及血循环较差的股骨头、半月板等损伤的修复具有较大的临床应用价值。在本研究中我们构建了人ANG真核表达质粒，转染人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）进行表达，并作了初步的亚细胞定位。     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤病人的临床观察及护理

目的探讨如何降低重型颅脑损伤病人的致残率和病死率。方法2004年10月至2006年9月，我科采用北京康联医用设备研究所生产的ICE—I系列医用控温毯，对高热病人实施亚低温（32-34℃）治疗58例。亚低温治疗期间密切观察意识、瞳孔、生命体征、颅内压的变化及上消化道出血征象，发现异常及时处理；并加强基础护理、严格无菌操作、定时翻身按摩、预防褥疮及冻疮、防止感染。结果治愈30例．轻残12例，中、重残4例，死亡12例。较2004年10月以前同类病人的病死率同比下降了14％。结论低温治疗可使机体处于休眠和低温状态，从而降低组织代谢，特别是降低脑代谢，减少耗氧量，因而可防止或减轻脑水肿，降低颅内压力，改善脑的缺氧状态，有利于受伤脑细胞的恢复，从而使病死率降低。     

用固相微萃取和气-质联用技术分析菘蓝叶中的挥发性成分

异硫腈酸盐是芥属蔬菜中典型的成分,具有化学防癌作用。由于菘蓝Isatis tinctoria L.叶中可能存在挥发性异硫腈酸盐,且对该植物中挥发性成分的研究鲜有报道,因此作者采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气-质(GC-MS)联用技术分析菘蓝叶中的挥发性成分。将3.5g样品溶于含5mL水的管形瓶中,平衡30min,在750r/min条件下搅拌萃取25min,萃取温度30℃。用于分析物热解吸的固定相纤维保持在260℃,共3min,观察多项参数对萃取最佳化的影响。在GC-MS分析中,采用带有Varian2000离子阱质谱仪的Varian3800气相色谱仪。使用2种不同的溶凝硅石毛细管柱:1)…