硬膜外麻醉患者术中镇静时脑电双频谱指数的变化

目的 观察咪唑安定辅助硬膜外麻醉时患者的镇静程度及其用药剂量。方法32例患者分为两组:老年组(A组)及中青年组(B组),在给予常规硬膜外麻醉完善后静注咪哇安定(midazolam,MDZ)0.1mg/kg,并予0.03mg/(kg·h)术中维持,记录给药前(T0)、给药后2min(T1)、5min(T2)、清醒(TW　Wilson评分为2级)时的脑电双频谱指数(bispectral,BIS)值及停药至清醒的时间。结果 两组患者清醒时的BIS值差异无显著性;诱导2min后患者达到满意的镇静效果时(评分达到4～5级),A组的BIS值(64.6±9.45)较B组(71.5±6.92)低(P<0.05);两组患者镇静前后的BIS值差异有显著性;苏醒时两组的BIS值差异无显著性;老年组患者的苏醒时间较青年组有延长的趋势,分别为(52.7±29)min和(43.4±15)min。结论 MDZ用于硬膜外麻醉能发挥其抗焦虑、镇静和遗忘的作用;BIS能指导其用药,并达到较完善的镇静水平。     

核酪与左旋咪唑合用防治反复呼吸道感染56例

反复呼吸道感染(简称RRI)是儿科常见疾病,发病率占小儿呼吸道疾病的20%以上,其临床特点为反复发作的上、下呼吸道感染,病程较长,易反复发生甚至迁延数月之久,部分患儿上呼吸道感染后迅速发展为支气管炎或肺炎,少数则并发哮喘。我们从1998年~2000年10月采用免疫调节剂核酪及左旋咪唑联合防治RRI的反复发作,取得较好效果。     

十二指肠乳头括约肌切开胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定对麻醉及手术效果的影响

目的　探讨在十二指肠乳头括约肌切开 (EST)胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定的可行性及价值。方法　将 71例拟行 EST胆总管取石患者随机分为咪唑安定组 (试验组 ) 5 1例和对照组 (2 0例 ) ,两组术前均给予 6 5 4 -2 (10 mg)静脉注射 ,试验组同时静脉注射咪唑安定 (3～ 5 mg)。观察两组患者的进镜时间、麻醉程度 ,患者的反应与配合程度、自身感受程度 ,同时监测患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度。结果　试验组进镜时间缩短、镇静程度适中、患者自身感受好 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;患者心血管及呼吸参数无明显变化。结论　EST胆总管取石术前静脉注射咪唑安定可提高麻醉效果 ,有利于提高患者配合的依从性 ,对血压、心率、血氧饱和度无明显影响     

水中痕量苯酚气相色谱/质谱分析

苯酚(phenol)分子式C6-H6-O，分子量94．11，相对密度为1．071。室温时稍溶于水。在乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、醋酸酯、甲苯、甘油中可溶解50％以上。工业上苯酚主要用于生产炸药、肥料、油漆、除漆剂、橡胶、石棉制品、木材防腐、合成树脂、药品、香水等，也用于石油、制革、造纸、肥皂、玩具等工业。苯酚的广泛使用，导致水体很可能受苯酚污染，故水中检测出苯酚表明水体受到污染。由于苯酚的毒性，     

老年人上腹部手术硬膜外阻滞复合全麻的临床应用

老年麻醉及手术随着社会老龄化而渐显增多.众所周知,老年人各脏器生理功能日趋衰退,内环境平衡机能减弱及夹杂症较多,在实施麻醉过程中,与其他年龄段患者相比有很大区别,因此如何选择有效、合理、对循环呼吸功能影响小的麻醉方法为业内人士所关注.作者对本院100例老年病人上腹部手术,采用了硬膜外阻滞复合全麻,效果满意,现报告如下.     

气管插管时异丙酚复合咪唑安定对心血管反应的影响

临床资料 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，行择期手术的普外科、胸外科患45(男21，女24)例，年龄20～60岁，体质量50～70kg．根据诱导时异丙酚用量的不同随机分为3组，每组15例．术前均采用阿托品0．5mg，安定10mg im．患入室后即行桡动脉穿刺，采用惠普HP1205A监护仪持续监测ECG，HR，收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度及呼吸末二氧化碳(EtCO2)，记录入室后5min时的HR，     

Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissues were confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.     

异丙酚、咪唑安定复合麻醉的临床分析

为寻求更完善的麻醉方法,我们对实施咪唑安定、异丙酚、咪异复合诱导及维持麻醉的效果进行了临床观察。发现咪异复合诱导及术中维持麻醉最为平稳,尤其对危重病人极有意义,且拔管时躁动较少,患者全无术中不良记忆。但本组发现多数患者拔管延迟,若合理调整用药及适当拮抗,拔管延迟之不足可大为改善。