不同剂量右美托咪定滴鼻在纤维支气管镜检查中的效果观察

目的 观察不同剂量右美托咪定滴鼻在成人纤维支气管镜检查中的有效性及安全性,并探讨有效剂量。方法选取2021年2—5月解放军总医院第一医学中心在表面麻醉下行纤维支气管镜活检术的患者,采用随机数字表法分为D1组（右美托咪定1μg/kg）、D2组（右美托咪定2μg/kg）和C组（生理盐水）。记录患者一般资料及不良反应,主要结局指标为检查过程中呛咳发生率及呛咳程度,次要结局指标为Ramsay镇静评分、恶心呕吐、不良记忆等。结果 本研究最终纳入57例患者,D1组18例,D2组19例,C组20例。D1组和D2组的术中呛咳发生率分别为33.3%和42.1%,较C组（80.0%）显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,3组均以轻度呛咳为主,未发生重度呛咳。D2组术后头晕、恶心呕吐的发生率高于D1组（47.4%比22.2%,21.1%比0.0%）和C组（5.0%,0.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。D2组不良记忆2～3级14例,明显多于D1组的7例和C组的1例,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。D1组和D2组的Ramsay镇静评分分别为（2.28±0.46）分和（2.53...     

复方呋喃西林滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱测定方法的改进

目的：用四苯硼钠法测定复方呋喃西林在溴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量,以取代标准收载方法（旋光法）。方法：复方呋喃西林滴鼻液中的盐酸麻黄碱在酸性介质中与定量过量的四苯硼钠形成白色沉淀,剩余的四苯硼钠用烃铵盐滴定,从而计算出盐酸麻黄碱的含量。结果：平均回收率为99．78％,RSD为0．21％。结论：准确、重视性好,结果满意。     

复方苯海拉明麻黄碱滴鼻液制备、质量控制和应用

目的探讨复方苯海拉明麻黄碱滴鼻液的配制方法和质量控制。方法以盐酸笨海拉明，盐酸麻黄碱，呋喃西林为主药，配制成滴鼻剂，并考察质量标准和临床应用。结果制备简便，质量稳定，疗效确切。结论复方苯海拉明麻黄碱滴鼻液可作为医院制剂推广应用。     

双价痢疾菌苗滴鼻免疫小鼠后不同部位淋巴细胞表型的变化

目的:观测双价痢疾工程菌苗滴鼻免疫小鼠后,不同时间、不同部位淋巴组织细胞表型的变化,探讨痢疾菌苗滴鼻免疫对黏膜和系统免疫应答的影响。方法:BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组,每组30只,分别以FSM-2117和FS-5416痢疾菌苗经滴鼻途径免疫小鼠4次,菌量依次为5×106、1×107、4×107和4×107CFU/只,对照组给予PBS,间隔2 wk。4次免疫后7、30和90 d活杀,分离NALT、鼻通道、脾、小肠PP结淋巴细胞,采用流式细胞术检测其淋巴细胞表型的变化。结果:4次免疫后7 d,小鼠鼻相关淋巴组织(NALT)、鼻通道(NP)和Peyer’s结(PP)淋巴细胞中,CD3 T细胞数均显著增加,其中以CD4 T细胞增加为主。FSM-2117免疫组的脾细胞中B220 细胞显著增加;而FS 5416免疫组的脾细胞中CD3 T细胞显著增加。4次免疫后30 d,NALT、NP和脾淋巴细胞仍出现上述变化;而90 d,仅NALT和NP淋巴细胞出现上述同样变化。结论:两株双价痢疾菌苗滴鼻免疫小鼠后,能有效地诱导黏膜和系统免疫应答,且持续时间较长,但该免疫应答的减弱是从距免疫部位较远的部位而开始的。     

重组沙门菌表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6及其特异性免疫应答分析

Objective To determine the immune responses induced by recombinant Salmonella ty-phimurium expressing the secreting antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods ESAT-6 cod-ing gene was cloned and identified by PCR and sequencing. Prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA33-esat car-rying the ESAT-6 coding sequence was constructed firstly and electro-transformed into an attenuated strain X4550 of Salmonella typhimurium, the recombinant bacteria was named as X4550(33-esat). C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (I. N) with 108 CFU recombinant bacteria at day 0 and 18. Cells from spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were collected from mice after second immu-nization, and the specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay u-sing ESAT-6 peptide as stimulus. Furthermore, CTL effects were in vivo evaluated by CFSE assay. Results The results showed that cellular immune responses specific for ESAT-6 could be detected by ELISPOT assay. In lung and PP cells, immune responses against ESAT-6 were biased toward Th1 type, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was much higher than that of IL-4-secreting cells. In splenocytes and MLN cells, the anti-gen specific immune responses acted as Thl and Th2 balance, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was close to that of IL-4-secreting cells. CFSE assay indicated that recombinant bacteria could induce the high level of CTL effects specific for ESAT-6 peptide. Conclusion These results suggested that recombinant Sal-monella typhimurium X4550(33-esat) not only can induce cellular immune responses, but also can elicit specific CTL responses after I. N immunization. It also provided the useful information for the control of infec-tious disease of tuberculosis.     

宁合阿托品滴鼻防治病毒性感冒50例体会

介绍炎琥宁合用阿托品滴鼻防治病毒性感冒(以下简称感冒)的体会.方法 ;本组50例均用炎琥宁合阿托品滴入鼻腔疗法防治感冒.结果 ;所有患者使用2-4次,疗效优38例,良9例,差3例.结论 .本疗法简便易行,疗效迅速..并且只有轻微的口干以外无其它明显不良反应.很适用于感冒初期畏寒,喷嚏,流鼻涕的患者.尤其对流鼻涕,喷嚏症状疗效迅速.     

双价痢疾疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导持续性粘膜与系统免疫反应

用双价痢疾疫苗 (ＦＳＭ 2 117)滴鼻免疫小鼠后 7、30和 90ｄ ,分别观测粘膜和系统免疫反应的变化。疫苗经鼻内免疫后 7ｄ ,诱发鼻咽、肺、胃肠道和生殖道等不同粘膜部位及血清中特异性抗福氏、宋内ＬＰＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ水平显著增高 (Ｐ <0 .0 1) ,而特异性抗体水平在免疫后 30、90ｄ明显下降 ,尤其是胃肠道和鼻咽部粘膜 ,但仍明显高于ＰＢＳ对照组水平 ;疫苗滴鼻免疫后 7ｄ ,小鼠ＮＡＬＴ、ＮＰ和ＰＰ淋巴细胞中ＣＤ3+ Ｔ细胞显著增加 ,其中以ＣＤ4 + Ｔ细胞增加为主 ,脾细胞中Ｂ2 2 + 细胞显著增加 ;4次免疫后 30ｄ ,ＮＡＬＴ、ＮＰ和脾…