Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

18例主动脉置换术后监测治疗的体会

主动脉夹层（aortic dissection,AD）是心血管系统的急症,病情变化快,死亡率极高,未就诊的患者50%于2 d内死亡,70%于7 d内死亡.除内科保守治疗外,外科手术是最主要的治疗手段,关于AD的术后监测治疗资料报道较少,现将我院18例患者术后治疗体会进行总结.     

颅内动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨应用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法2002年6月-2004年6月我们采用GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤126例(其中4例有2个动脉瘤,共130个)。前交通动脉瘤42个,后交通动脉瘤53个,颈内动脉瘤6个,大脑中动脉瘤10个,大脑后动脉瘤8个,大脑前动脉瘤6个,小脑后下动脉瘤2个;基底动脉瘤3个。按Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级38例,Ⅱ级54例,Ⅲ级23例,Ⅳ级11例。必要时辅以篮筐技术、重塑技术、支架技术、双微导管或连环技术、蚕食技术。结果成功栓塞126例动脉瘤,其中103例为100%栓塞,21例为95%,2例为90%。12例在栓塞后6~18个月进行造影随访,所栓塞动脉瘤均未见复发征象。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效和微创的治疗手段。联合运用多种栓塞技术有助于减少术后并发症,提高治愈率。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

一、资料与方法 男7例，女4例，年龄32～68岁，平均48岁。均表现为突发的渐进性头痛，无意识丧失及局灶性神经症状。其中8例出现呕吐、颈抵抗（＋）。所有病人均于发病30min-36h经CT平扫检查发现SAH，按Hunt—Hess分级：Ⅰ级9例，Ⅱ级2例。出血部位主要在中脑周围，以环池为主，有时向周边脑池扩张，出血量较少且较局限。11例病人均在入院2周内行第一次DSA检查，结果呈阴性，2—4周后DSA复查，仍为阴性结果。所有病人入院后予以降颅压、抗血管痉挛等对症治疗。     

主动脉夹层20例误诊分析

为了提高对主动脉夹层的认识和诊断水平,现将我院1998年1月～2005年5月确诊为主动脉夹层而首次误诊的20例患者分析报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男性14例,女性6例,年龄32～76(57.6±8.2)岁。原患高血压病16例,收缩压平均为(186±18.4)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),舒张压平均为(92.3±11.5)mmHg,2例为马凡综合征,2例曾行主动脉瓣膜置换术。1.2临床表现本组患者中突出症状为疼痛,20例患者中16例表现为剧烈疼痛,2例表现为晕厥,1例表现为右下肢瘫痪,1例表现为急性肾功能衰竭。体检:(1)血压与休克表现不平行,本组14例患者有皮肤湿冷、颜面苍白…     

未处理的颅内小动脉瘤并不影响患者的社会心理

一项发表于《神经病学、神经外科学和精神病学》杂志（JNNP）上的研究结果显示，一些动脉瘤患者由于其动脉瘤很小不能手术切除，但其瘤体亦不会造成明显的身心健康障碍。     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤的外科治疗

本文报告113例脑前循环系统动脉管其中包括颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤75例.前交通动脉瘤17例,大脑中动脉瘤10例,人脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤1例.多发动脉瘤5例.共118个动脉瘤在显微镜下直视手术,动脉瘤直接夹闭术108例.孤立或包裹术5例:5例多发动脉瘤行同期手术3例,分期手术2例.术中发生动脉瘤破裂18次.Hunt和HessⅠ～Ⅱ级病人中有例行早期手术.全组术后死亡率为7.9%.着重讨论手术时机.术中动脉瘤破裂处理及多发动脉瘤的治疗.     

以鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断治疗探讨

目的:探讨外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断、治疗。方法:收集我院1992年来收治的以外伤后鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤患者7例,经DSA全脑血管造影证实诊断,分别采肜血管内治疗或手术治疗。结果:血管内治疗6例,均治愈;1例因在院外已行患侧颈外动脉结扎无法行血管内治疗而行颈内动脉颅内段夹闭术,亦治愈。结论:血管内栓塞治疗损伤小,效果可靠,不仅用于平诊亦可用于急诊抢救,是颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

经皮介入诊疗血管径路并发症的防治

前　言介入性诊疗的血管径路并发症指通过直接经皮介入的相关血管所发生的并发症 ,包括出血 (皮下瘀血、血肿、腹膜后血肿 )、血管迷走反射 (Ｖａｓｏｖａｇａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＶＶＲ)假性动脉瘤 (Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｎｅｕｒｙｓｍ ,ＰＳＡ)、动静脉瘘 (ａｒｔｅｒｉｏＶｅｎｏｕｓｆｉｓｔｕｌａ ,ＡＶＦ)、动脉血栓形成 (ａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｉｓ,ＡＴ)、栓塞、(深 )静脉血栓形成 (ＤｅｅｐＶｅｉｎＴｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｉｓ,ＤＶＴ)及神经功能障碍等。近年来 ,心导管术后血管径路并发症呈逐渐增多趋势 ,并逐渐演化成为心导管术…