包膜活性炭吸附血液灌流清除人血浆中毒鼠强的实验

目的:观察包膜活性炭对血浆中毒鼠强的清除率及吸附规律。方法:实验于2004-05/2006-04在军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所国家重点实验室完成。采用包膜活性炭灌流器对毒鼠强血浆样进行血液灌流吸附,在灌流的1,2,3h分别取样,经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用气相色谱氮磷检测器法(GC/NPD)测定其含量并计算清除率。结果:活性炭对毒鼠强的吸附作用在血液灌流1h最高,灌流2h后毒鼠强质量浓度无明显变化。400,200μg/L毒鼠强血液灌流1h清除率分别为(57.83±1.85)%,(48.18±1.81)%。结论:用包膜活性炭吸附剂进行血浆的灌流吸附,能清除大部分毒物,迅速降低血浆中毒鼠强的质量浓度。     

乙型脑炎病毒膜蛋白B区多肽抗原的表达、纯化及血清学评价

目的在原核表达系统中对乙型脑炎病毒包膜糖蛋白(E蛋白)的B区多肽抗原进行高效表达、纯化及血清学评价。方法利用PCR技术从乙脑减毒活疫苗中扩增编码B区的DNA片段,酶切消化后连接到表达载体pET22b上,用此连接产物转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)并表达B区多肽抗原,表达产物经液相层析纯化;用乙脑病人血清对纯化后的B区多肽抗原进行评价。结果重组质粒pET22b-JEB经双酶切,其插入的外源基因片段为372 bp,与预期DNA片段大小一致。将纯化前与纯化后的蛋白作SDS-PAGE电泳,均可见一条约16kD的外源基因蛋白带,与计算的相对分子质量相符。经WB和ELISA血清学评价,表明重组B区多肽抗原具有较高的灵敏性及特异性。结论成功构建了表达载体pET22b-JEB,在原核系统中表达的B区多肽抗原具有良好的血清学检测价值。     

诱导型多能干细胞体外向胰岛素分泌细胞分化及对血糖的调控

BACKGROUND:Mouse pluripotent stem cells are induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells that can effectively improve blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. OBJECTIVE:To detect mRNA and protein levels of insulin-like cell clusters from induced pluripotent stem cells and to investigate the function of insulin-secreting cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells cultured in vitro were induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells using combined inducers through three stages. The morphology of endodermal cells, islet-derived progenitor cells and mature islet cells in each stage was observed and relative gene expression levels were detected by PCR. Mature insulin-like cell clusters underwent dithizone staining and functions of insulin released in vitro were observed by ELISA assay. Finally, the insulin-secreting cells were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of diabetic mice, and then blood glucose levels were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mature spherical insulin-like cell clusters were successfully obtained in vitro, which were in iron red by dithizone staining, and expression of insulin mRNA was determined by PCR. The insulin-like cell clusters could secrete insulin in response to various blood glucose levels by ELISA assay. In addition, after the cells clusters were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of mice with type 1 diabetes, the blood glucose levels were marbedly improved.     

2a型HCV E1、E2/NS1区基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

目的：了解丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）2a型基因组E1 E2／NS1区序列，为进一步研究HCV包膜蛋白的生物学功能奠定基础。方法：用逆转录套式PCR（RT－nPCR)从江苏省1例丙型肝炎患者血清中扩增出两条分别约770bp、1100bp的片段，分别以限制性内切酶EcoR I、BamH I和EcoR I、Hand Ⅲ双酶切后连入pUC19载体中，转化感受态细胞，经限制性酶切长度多态性分析（RFLP）和PCR法证实为阳性克隆后，用全自动序列分析仪测序。结果：分别测得约770bp、1100bp的核苷酸序列，拼接后得到的完整核苷酸序列及其编码的氨基酸序列分别与HCV－1、HC－C2、HCV－BK、HC－J6、HC－J8相应序列作比较，显示分离株HCV在核苷酸水平上与以上分离株的同源性分别为60．5％、60．1％、59．7％、87．8％、67．5％；在氨基酸水平上的同源性分别为67．3％、66．4％、65．0％、87．8％、79．0％。结论：分离株（HCV－JS）与HC－J6同属2a型，但同源性有一定差异。     

HCVE2-gAD融合DNA疫苗的构建及其细胞免疫效果评价

目的 将丙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus,HCV）包膜糖蛋白E_2与脂联素球部结构域（gAD）进行基因融合后构建DNA疫苗,并通过免疫小鼠评价其所诱发的HCV E_2特异性细胞免疫应答.方法 根据E_2与gAD的基因序列设计引物,分别扩增出不含跨膜区的E_2基因和添加连接肽的gAD基因,再利用重叠PCR将二者融合,以pVRC为载体构建DNA疫苗质粒,经体外转染293T细胞并用Western Blot证实其表达后,采用皮内注射加卡钳电极电转的方式于0、3、6周免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞进行ELISPOT检测分析其所诱发的E_2特异性T细胞免疫应答水平.结果 成功构建了能有效表达E_2-gAD融合蛋白的新型DNA疫苗,经皮内电转方式免疫小鼠后可获得比单独E_2疫苗更强的HCV特异性T细胞免疫应答.结论 gAD基因的融入可在一定程度上增强疫苗的免疫原性,为新型HCV DNA疫苗的进一步发展和优化莫定基础.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒-1包膜糖蛋白进化对抗原表位及病毒亲嗜性的影响

Objective To investigate the evolution of HIV-1 envelope (env) gene from the individuals infected by the virus from one donor, the entry mediated by the envelope glycoprotein and the variation in the main neutralizing epitopes of envelope. Methods The genetic distances of the HIV-1 envelope genes derived from previous studies were analyzed. A series of envelope-pseudotyped viruses were constructed by co-transfecting HEK293T cells with a HIV-1 plasmid bearing the firefly luciferase reporter gene and an envelope expression plasmid. The entry ability of the envelope-pseudotyped viruses into U87. CD4. CCR5 or U87. CD4. CXCR4 cell lines was examined. The ami-no acid sequences representing the epitopes to the broad-neutralizing antibodies within the envelope glycoproteins were also investigated. Results It was found that the genetic distance of the 24 env genes with complete open reading frame was (7.91 ±0.78)% towards HIV-1 CNHN24, and (6.90 ±0.79)% towards RL42. Among the variable regions, the genetic distance of V1/V2 showed the biggest distance, and that of V3 showed the smallest distance. There were CCR5-tropic, CXCR4-tropic and CCR5/CXCR4-dual-tropic Env-pseudoviruses. Furthermore, in these envelopes, the epitopes to IgG1 b12 2F5 and 4E10 antibody were conserved, while the epitope to 447-52D was variable. Conclusion There is definite env gene variation among the viruses derived from the same donor. The variation influences the entry ability and tropism of emelope pseudoviruses. The epitopes to the main broad-neutralizing antibodies are conserved.     

登革2型病毒E蛋白免疫优势表位的筛选鉴定

目的 用噬菌体展示肽库筛选登革2型病毒(DEN2)E蛋白的抗原表位，并确定该抗原表位性质。方法 以DEN2型特异的E单克隆抗体作为筛选分子，生物淘洗噬菌体随机12肽库，将筛选的噬菌体阳性克隆进行ELISA检测、DNA序列测定及展示肽的氨基酸序列推导，通过噬菌体展示肽序列与DEN2E蛋白的氨基酸一级结构的对比，初步确定E蛋白的抗原表位；用模拟该表位线性序列的合成十肽进行抗体结合试验、噬菌体竞争抑制试验及与DEN感染患者的血清学试验，确定其为免疫优势线性表位。结果 肽库淘洗获得的11个ELISA阳性的噬菌体克隆有相似的结构基序WFKKGSS，其展示肽与DEN2E蛋白390～398 AA序列有3～5个氨基酸相同。对应于DEN2E蛋白390～399AA的合成十肽能与淘洗单抗特异反应，并可抑制噬菌体阳性克隆与该单抗结合。该合成肽与DEN2感染患者血清有较高的免疫反应性。结论 本实验通过噬菌体随机肽库的生物淘洗确定的DEN2E蛋白(E390～398AA)线性序列为免疫优势表位，其对应的合成肽E10可望用于DEN2感染的快速诊断。     

超声诊断盆腔内异位肾1例

患者,女,51岁,无任何不适.常规取俯卧超声榆查(东芝SSA-530A、B超仪),左肾区未探及肾脏回声,右肾区内可显示右肾大小形态正常.经下腹部探查时位于膀胱后方盆腔内见一大小为76x41mm肾脏回声,边界光整清晰,形态规则,包膜完整,肾内结构清晰,.肾锥体、肾窦部、肾实质比例正常,(如图).嘱患者侧卧位探查,该.该肾脏位置始终较固定.     

静电法制备小微囊包裹成年猪胰岛的实验研究

目的　探索用静电法制备小微囊包裹成年猪胰岛细胞。方法　用自制的静电微囊发生装置、制备海藻酸钠 -多聚赖氨酸 -海藻酸钠 (APA)微囊 (微囊直径 <35 0 μm) ,包裹成年猪胰岛 ,体外检测APA小微囊猪胰岛生物活性及微囊膜的通透性 .结果　静电法制备的APA微囊直径 30 0～ 35 0 μm ,大小相对均一 .小微囊包裹成年猪胰岛后 ,每个微囊内可见 1～ 2个胰岛团 ,表面光滑 .囊内胰岛组织学结构完整 ,体外培养微囊化胰岛素分泌良好 ,葡萄糖刺激释放明显 ,显示了良好的细胞活力及微囊膜通透性 .结论　用我们自制的静电微囊发生装置能制备APA微囊包裹成年猪胰岛细胞 ,微囊直径 30 0～ 35 0 μm ,表面光滑 ,囊内猪胰岛生物活性良好     

乙型肝炎病毒外膜大蛋白检测的临床意义

目的：通过检测患者血清乙肝病毒外膜大蛋白（HBV-LP）、HBV-DNA、乙肝病毒标志物（HBV-M）,探讨HBV-LP对于反映体内乙肝病毒复制的意义。方法：采用荧光定量PCR方法对180份HBV感染血清的HBV-DNA进行检测,并采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对HBV-LP、HBV-M及HBV-DNA进行检测。结果：大蛋白的检出结果与HBV-DNA的检出结果无明显差异。不同HBV-M模式的HBV-DNA与HBV-LP的检出结果均无显著性差异。HBV-DNA拷贝数的对数值与HBV-LP表达具有相关关系（r=0.95,P〈0.05）。结论：HBV-LP能够反映HBV的复制情况。血清中HBV-LP的含量与HBV-DNA的拷贝数具有较好的相关性。