基层医院眼球穿孔伤急救及转诊对策

目的探讨基层医院眼球穿孔伤的急救原则、转诊时机及手术效果。方法对56N（56跟）住院眼球穿孔伤的手术方法、转诊时间、疗效进行统计分析。结果41例单纯轻中度穿孔伤在我院1期或2期手术，效果良好。6例合并眼内异物1期清创缝合，及时转诊摘出异物，视力提高。9例严重穿孔伤，1期清创缝合，预防感染，1周后转诊。2期手术（玻切）虽视力提高不多，但保住眼球。结论基层医院条件有限，复杂严重外伤，1期缝合关闭伤口是前提，适时转诊2期手术足抢救视功能、挽救眼球关键。     

28例多发伤中骨折脱位漏诊误治原因分析

多发伤合并骨折、脱位，病情严重、复杂，若处理失误，轻则造成病人不同程度的功能丧失，重则危及生命。现对1998年8月至2005年5月收治28例多发伤中的骨折脱位诊治分析如下。     

船上作业胸腹联合伤57例诊治体会

胸腹联合伤是致伤因素同时损伤胸部和腹腔脏器，常伴有膈肌损伤，病情危重、复杂，并发症及病死率较高。本院处舟山渔区，自1998年7月至2007年7月共收冶胸腹联合伤病人112例，其中船上作业致胸腹联合伤57例．占同期胸腹联合伤病人的50．9％。现将诊治体会报道如下。     

五个原因让女人头发掉光光

一、减肥 过度减肥节食 头发的主要成分种称为鱼量元素不果与面粉等，蛋白质及微量元素摄入不足致使头发因严重营养不良而脱落。     

严重多发伤的处理体会

目的探讨严重多发伤的处理原则及方法。方法回顾分析近10年来收治的76例严重多发伤病人的救治情况。结果76例病人都得到了及时救治,先后都实施了不同类型的手术治疗。死亡7例,术后并发症7例。结论严重多发伤在基层医院经常遇到,重视院前救护,规范入院后的处理程序,强调术中的治疗原则及治疗过程的注意点,对提高救治成功率十分重要。     

^3He-MR成像评价哮喘病人局部气流阻塞随时间的变化

目的 用^3He-MR成像评价哮喘病人局部气流阻塞随时间的变化，及其与疾病严重程度和应用哮喘药物的关系。方法 该符合HIPAA法案的研究经机构审查委员会同意且所有病人签署了知情同意书。     

国外美容医学最新动态

皮肤美容1睑缘恶性黑素瘤治疗结果:澳大利亚29例对来自澳大利亚的29例发生在睑缘的恶性黑素瘤病例进行分析。患者平均年龄为65岁(22～88岁),大多数病变发生在下睑缘,其中17例是在原有色素性改变的基础上转化的,4例是原发性、8例来源不明。结果:组织学查明19例为痣性恶性黑素     

血透患者中枸橼酸西地那非的药代动力学及血流动力学变化

患有肾病的男性中ED发病率很高。枸橼酸西地那非是勃起功能障碍的高效治疗药物，严重肾功能不全会使该药清除率下降，但在血透治疗的终末期肾病患者中，该药的药代动力学和血液动力学研究尚未见报导。为了研究血透患者中，该药的药代动力学和血流动力学变化，Grossman EB等人让15例慢性门诊血透维持患者在血透前2h及血透后2h口服单剂西地那非，先服哪一次进行随机分配确定。     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.