外周血CD34 +细胞计数对外周血干细胞采集时机选择及结果的影响

目的:探讨外周血造血干细胞动员过程中外周血CD34 +细胞计数的变化趋势及其对采集时机选择和采集结果的影响。 方法:收集2012年4月至2017年3月在山西省肿瘤医院行自体外周血造血干细胞动员的62例血液病患者临床资料,采用化疗联合粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）的动员方案,监测外周血及采集物中白...     

两种家鸭高脂血症模型的建立与比较研究

[目的]建立家鸭高脂血症模型,比较高剂量短时间和低剂量长时间两种造模方法的优劣。[方法]采用分别给予家鸭高剂量[玉米96.7%、调和油1.9%、食盐1.4%、禽用维生素0.1g(/kg·d),100g(/kg·d)]、短时间(28d)(简称模型Ⅰ组)和低剂量[配料同上,50g(/kg·d)]、长时间(49d)(简称模型Ⅱ组)方法建立模型,动态观察体质量、血清脂质、血糖。[结果]两组血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)均高于实验前,模型Ⅰ组血TG高于模型Ⅱ。[结论]两种方法均可建立高脂血症模型,而高剂量短时间造模方法从优于低剂量长时间造模方法。     

Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases with a Proposal for a New Response Evaluation System

PurposeTo describe an initial experience with irreversible electroporation (IRE) in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CLM).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing IRE for the management of CLM was performed. Procedures were done percutaneously under general anesthesia. Patients were then followed for adverse events, tumor response, and survival.ResultsBetween March 2010 and February 2013, 29 patients underwent percutaneous ablation of 58 tumors in 36 IRE sessions. Most patients (89%) had an absolute or relative contraindication to thermal ablation. The median age was 62 years, and the median time from diagnosis to IRE was 28 months. The median number of lesions treated per patient was two, and the median tumor size was 2.7 cm. Patients had received previous chemotherapy regimens (range, 1–5 per patient). A new Metabolic Imaging And Marker Integration response evaluation criteria was used for response assessment, and was a predictor of progression-free and overall survival. The 2-year progression-free survival rate was 18% (95% confidence interval, 0%–35%), and the 2-year overall survival rate was 62% (95% confidence interval, 37%–87%). Complications included arrhythmias (n = 1) and postprocedure pain (n = 1). Both patients recovered without sequelae.ConclusionsPercutaneous IRE of CLM is feasible and safe. A new response evaluation system for colorectal cancer appears to be prognostic.     

Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting as a mycetoma with an air crescent sign

An 89-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent anterior chest wall pain for > 1 month. A chest radiograph obtained on November 9, 2004, demonstrated a mass with an irregular border, inside a thin-walled cavity, located in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. A chest CT scan revealed an irregular thin-walled cavity, 5.9 x 5.4 x 4 cm in size, with an air-crescent sign in the superior segment of the left lower lobe, and an intracavitary fungus ball-like mass. A bronchoscopic examination was performed, revealing only external compression of the left lower lobe bronchial lumen. Cultures from both the brushing cytology and brushing fungus specimens were negative. Since the patient was a heavy smoker and the chest radiograph obtained 23 months before had revealed no active pulmonary lesion, neoplastic growth was still highly suspected. Thus, an (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography study was performed on November 25, and a mass with a slightly increased standard uptake value (3.17; cutoff value, 2.5) was found. He received a left lower lobe lobectomy on December 23, and a tumor with many septum-like structures connecting the surrounding pulmonary parenchymal tissue was found in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. The final pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the lung (pT2N0M0). Thus, even though the chest radiograph and chest CT scan showed a typical air-crescent sign (ie, mass inside a cavity) favoring a mycetoma, the physician should still keep in mind that lung cancer may also unusually present in this way.     

Noninvasive Imaging of Cardiovascular Injury Related to the Treatment of Cancer

The introduction of multiple treatments for cancer, including chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, has significantly reduced cancer-related morbidity and mortality. However, these therapies can promote a variety of toxicities, among the most severe being the ones involving the cardiovascular system. Currently, for many surviving cancer patients, cardiovascular (CV) events represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest that CV injury occurs early during cancer treatment, creating a substrate for subsequent cardiovascular events. Researchers have investigated the utility of noninvasive imaging strategies to detect the presence of CV injury during and after completion of cancer treatment because it starts early during cancer therapy, often preceding the development of chemotherapy or cancer therapeutics related cardiac dysfunction. In this State-of-the-Art Paper, we review the utility of current clinical and investigative CV noninvasive modalities for the identification and characterization of cancer treatment-related CV toxicity.     

miR-7/TGF-β2 axis sustains acidic tumor microenvironment-induced lung cancer metastasis

Acidosis, regardless of hypoxia involvement, is recognized as a chronic and harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) that educates malignant cells to thrive and metastasize. Although overwhelming evidence supports an acidic environment as a driver or ubiquitous hallmark of cancer progression, the unrevealed core mechanisms underlying the direct effect of acidification on tumorigenesis have hindered the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and clinical therapy. Here, chemical-induced and transgenic mouse models for colon, liver and lung cancer were established, respectively. miR-7 and TGF-β2 expressions were examined in clinical tissues (n = 184). RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, proteomics, biosynthesis analyses and functional studies were performed to validate the mechanisms involved in the acidic TME-induced lung cancer metastasis. Our data show that lung cancer is sensitive to the increased acidification of TME, and acidic TME-induced lung cancer metastasis via inhibition of miR-7-5p. TGF-β2 is a direct target of miR-7-5p. The reduced expression of miR-7-5p subsequently increases the expression of TGF-β2 which enhances the metastatic potential of the lung cancer. Indeed, overexpression of miR-7-5p reduces the acidic pH-enhanced lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, the human lung tumor samples also show a reduced miR-7-5p expression but an elevated level of activated TGF-β2; the expressions of both miR-7-5p and TGF-β2 are correlated with patients’ survival. We are the first to identify the role of the miR-7/TGF-β2 axis in acidic pH-enhanced lung cancer metastasis. Our study not only delineates how acidification directly affects tumorigenesis, but also suggests miR-7 is a novel reliable biomarker for acidic TME and a novel therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Our study opens an avenue to explore the pH-sensitive subcellular components as novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.     

Sub-chronic agmatine treatment modulates hippocampal neuroplasticity and cell survival signaling pathways in mice

Agmatine is an endogenous neuromodulator which, based on animal and human studies, is a putative novel antidepressant drug. In this study, we investigated the ability of sub-chronic (21 days) p.o. agmatine administration to produce an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test and examined the hippocampal cell signaling pathways implicated in such an effect. Agmatine at doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg (p.o.) produced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test and no effect in the open-field test. Additionally, agmatine (0.001–0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates (237–258% of control), protein kinase B/Akt (Ser⁴⁷³) (116–127% of control), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Ser⁹) (110–113% of control), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (119–137% and 121–138% of control, respectively) and cAMP response elements (Ser¹³³) (127–152% of control), and brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (137–175% of control) immunocontent in a dose-dependent manner in the hippocampus. Agmatine (0.001–0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced the c-jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 phosphorylation (77-71% and 65-51% of control, respectively). Neither protein kinase C nor p38^MAPK phosphorylation was altered under any experimental conditions. Taken together, the present study extends the available data on the mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant action of agmatine by showing an antidepressant-like effect following sub-chronic administration. In addition, our results are the first to demonstrate the ability of agmatine to elicit the activation of cellular signaling pathways associated with neuroplasticity/cell survival and the inhibition of signaling pathways associated with cell death in the hippocampus.     

饮食指导对癌症患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨饮食指导对癌症患者生活质量的影响。方法将200例癌症患者随机分为2组,A组(100例)在治疗过程中实施饮食指导,而B组(100例)则未实施,2组患者均适当给予止吐药物。结果患者在食欲、完成放、化疗计划方面均有显著性差异性(P<0.01)。结论放、化疗期间,给患者适当的饮食指导,不但可保证放、化疗的顺利进行,而且对提高患者的食欲和生活质量均有帮助。