Are primary care physicians ill equipped to evaluate and treat childhood physical inactivity?

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate primary care physician clinical practice patterns, barriers, and education surrounding pediatric physical activity (PA), and to compare practice patterns by discipline.     

What Is Really Needed to Provide Effective,Person-Centered Care for Behavioral Expressions of Dementia? Guidance from The Alzheimer's Association Dementia Care Provider Roundtable

In April, 2019, the Alzheimer's Association Dementia Care Provider Roundtable convened to discuss common challenges faced when implementing person-centered, non-pharmacological practices in long-term care and other settings that provide care and programs for persons living with dementia, and to develop relevant, specific guidance from the perspective of administrative leaders from 23 long-term and community-based care provider organizations (representing home, community-based, and residential care). Guidance related to 5 practice areas emerged from the facilitated discussion: having a foundational person-centered culture, conceptualizing behaviors as expressions and focusing on behavioral support, identifying antecedents and placing person-centeredness before protocols, modifying training to promote person-centered culture, and valuing implementation flexibility. In developing the practice guidance, a related list of priority areas for research and policy were also identified.     

DNA vaccine encoding the moonlighting protein Onchocerca volvulus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ov-GAPDH) leads to partial protection in a mouse model of human filariasis

River blindness, caused by the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus, is a major socio-economic and public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. In January 2015, The Onchocerciasis Vaccine for Africa (TOVA) Initiative has been launched with the aim of providing new tools to complement mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin, thereby promoting elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa. In this context we here present Onchocerca volvulus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ov-GAPDH) as a possible DNA vaccine candidate. We report that in a laboratory model for filariasis, immunization with Ov-GAPDH led to a significant reduction of adult worm load and microfilaraemia in BALB/c mice after challenge infection with the filarial parasite Litomosoides sigmodontis. Mice were either vaccinated with Ov-GAPDH.DNA plasmid (Ov-pGAPDH.DNA) alone or in combination with recombinantly expressed Ov-GAPDH protein (Ov-rGAPDH). During the following challenge infection of immunized and control mice with L. sigmodontis, those formulations which included the DNA plasmid, led to a significant reduction of adult worm loads (up to 57% median reduction) and microfilaraemia (up to 94% reduction) in immunized animals. In a further experiment, immunization with a mixture of four overlapping, synthetic Ov-GAPDH peptides (Ov-GAPDHpept), with alum as adjuvant, did not significantly reduce worm loads. Our results indicate that DNA vaccination with Ov-GAPDH has protective potential against filarial challenge infection in the mouse model. This suggests a transfer of the approach into the cattle Onchocerca ochengi model, where it is possible to investigate the effects of this vaccination in the context of a natural host–parasite relationship.     

丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况；电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组；而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用，为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。     

自律:在医患关系中的定位

医疗行为的特殊性，决定了医患双方在医学信息方面的不对称性和医者拥有一定的自由裁量权，因此，医者作为医疗服务的主体，如何增强自律意识，直接关系到诚信的树立及和谐的互动式医患关系的建立和发展。     

我国城市地下水水质污染状况研究进展

综述了我国城市地下水水质污染状况的研究进展     

江苏省肾综合征出血热单价灭活疫苗中期免疫效果观察

观察HFRS单价灭活疫苗中期免疫效果。方法：采用IFAT法及MCPENT法检测荧光抗体及中和抗体。结果：3个试区加强接种人数分别为4052、4407和6354人。加强后，Ⅰ型苗荧光抗体阳性率为72．73％，GMT为14.14；中和抗体阳性率为54．55％，GMT为6．67。D型苗荧光抗体阳性率为75.00％，GMT为11.85；中和抗体阳性率为60％，GMT为9．44。加强后1年，Ⅰ型苗年均保护率为65．52％，Ⅱ型苗则为94．24％。同期，Ⅰ型苗荧光抗体阳性率维持在40％，中和抗体维持在35．00％；Ⅱ型苗荧光抗体阳性率降至10．34％，中和抗体维持在53．85％。结论：两型疫苗均有较好的中期防病效果。     

流感病毒免疫防御机制研究进展

流感病毒感染引起免疫损伤的同时可以激发机体产生免疫应答,在病毒的清除与疾病的恢复及再次感染过程中发挥着有效的防御作用.尽管流感病毒经常发生变异,但自然感染诱导的免疫防御机制仍可提供一定程度的交叉保护作用.这一系列免疫应答的激发及形成包括多种分子及细胞的参与,其发生、发展及转归直接决定着疾病的严重程度及免疫预防的有效性.了解天然免疫应答、粘膜免疫应答及获得性免疫应答的激发与维持可为流感病毒的防治及疫苗的研制提供思路.     

Neuroexcitatory actions of Tamiflu and its carboxylate metabolite

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is now being stockpiled by several governments as a first line treatment for an anticipated outbreak of avian influenza caused by H5N1. However, abnormal behaviors and death associated with the use of Tamiflu have developed into a major issue in Japan where Tamiflu is often prescribed for seasonal influenza. Thus, it is critical to determine neuropsychiatric effects of oseltamivir and to establish methods for safe administration. Using juvenile rats and rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether oseltamivir has adverse effects on the central nervous system. Systemic injection of oseltamivir (50 mg/kg i.p.) produced no change in behavior within 2 h. However, prior injection of oseltamivir significantly altered the duration of loss of lightning reflex following ethanol injection (3.3 g/kg, i.p.). Ethanol injection in the presence of oseltamivir also resulted in enhanced hypothermia. In the CA1 region of hippocampal slices, oseltamivir (100 μM) induced paired-pulse facilitation in population spikes without changes in excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Similarly, 3 μM oseltamivir carboxylate, the active metabolite of oseltamivir, facilitated neuronal firing, though the facilitation did not involve GABAergic disinhibition. Moreover, oseltamivir carboxylate produced further facilitation following administration of 60 mM ethanol. These findings indicate that oseltamivir has effects on the central nervous system, especially when combined with other agents.