Evaluation of intraocular penetration of levofloxacin by high performance liquid chromatography

AIM: To evaluate the levofloxacin eye drop into human eye penetration, levofloxacin eye drop concentrations in human ocular aqueous of 33 patients undergoing cataract surgery were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS: Totally 33 volunteer patients who scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery received one drop of levofloxacin every 6h for 3d before and on the day of surgery, administration of drug was stopped 1h before surgery. Levofloxacin concentration in aqueous humor was measured by HPLC method with fluorescence detector. RESULTS: A simple, effective and sensitive HPLC method for determination of levofloxacin in human ocular aqueous was validated. Linearity was shown for levofloxacin concentration over a wide range of 1.95×10-3-1.50 μg/mL. The mean aqueous level of levofloxacin was 0.3399±0.03405 μg/mL. CONCLUSION: Results from the present study demonstrate that topical administration of levofloxacin 0.5% before cataract surgery with routine dose (one drop every 6h) unable to reach MIC90 for most common microorganism causing acute bacterial endophthalmitis.     

玻璃体后脱离与高度近视眼的关系

论述了玻璃体后脱离的病因、发病机制、分类和临床特点,并揭示了玻璃体后脱离与高度近视眼的关系。     

MYD88 L265P mutation in intraocular lymphoma: A potential diagnostic marker

Purpose:Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is the most common intraocular lymphoma (IOL). This can be either primary or secondary to the central nervous system lymphoma. The diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) currently relies on clinical diagnosis and cytological analysis of the vitreous or subretinal biopsy. Although most cases are diagnosed without much issue, the limited amount of vitreous fluid, subjectivity in cytological reporting, and special expertise in ocular pathology make the diagnosis challenging. MYD88 L265P mutation has been implicated to have diagnostic utility in PIOL. In this study, we screened consecutive vitreous biopsies for the presence of MYD88 L265P mutation to understand its diagnostic utility compared to conventional cytological analysis.Methods:Cytological analysis and MYD88 L265P mutation by PCR-based sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were carried out on consecutive vitreous and subretinal biopsies collected from 21 patients. The diagnostic utility of the cytology and MYD88 L265P mutation analysis were compared.Results:Out of the 21 patients, 15 had clinical suspicion of having PIOL. Out of these suspected cases of PIOL, nine were confirmed on follow-up, while six were diagnosed as other intraocular pathologies. Diagnostic utility of MYD88 L265P mutation analysis revealed a sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 91.6%, positive and negative predictive value of 88.9% and 91.7%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of 90.5% was achieved with the mutation analysis that shows the superiority of MYD88 in both ruling in and ruling out PIOL. The diagnostic utility of MYD88 L265P mutation was superior to conventional cytological analysis.Conclusion:The analysis of MYD88 L265P mutation is reliable and efficient in the diagnosis of PIOL.     

可注射水凝胶治疗眼科疾病的研究进展

眼部结构的特殊性使眼科疾病的治疗面临很多阻碍。水凝胶作为一种具备多维应用潜能的高分子材料,有着可控的力学性能及生物性能,是组织工程、生物工程等领域的研究热点。水凝胶良好的透明性、安全性、兼容性也提示了水凝胶在眼科领域广阔的研究前景。目前已应用于眼科的水凝胶有人工泪液、药物载体、黏附剂等。本综述介绍了可注射水凝胶在制作、性能及应用方面的特点,概述了可注射水凝胶作为药物载体、组织黏附剂、空间填充剂以及细胞载体在眼科疾病中的应用进展及挑战,特别介绍了可注射水凝胶近年来在角膜外伤、青光眼、白内障、视网膜脱离及年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病治疗方面的研究。     

复方血栓通联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病并发症玻璃体积血的疗效观察

目的:观察复方血栓通联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法:将68例玻璃体积血患者随机分为两组,治疗组35例,在常规治疗基础上口服复方血栓通和羟本磺酸钙;对照组33例,给予芦丁、肌苷片、云南白药、维生素类药等常规治疗。比较两组患者的疗效及并发症。结果:治疗组30 d内治愈率等方面明显优于对照组。结论:复方血栓通联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗玻璃体积血的疗效较好。     

玻璃体切割术治疗的中老年人非外伤性玻璃体积血病因分析

目的：探讨中老年患者非外伤性玻璃体积血的主要病因,并对中年患者和老年患者病因进行对比分析。方法对2009年1月-2013年6月在该院首诊为非外伤性玻璃体积血并行玻璃体切割手术治疗的共182例（184只眼）的中老年患者玻璃体积血原因进行回顾性分析。按发病年龄对患者进行分组,45～60岁为中年组（ A组）,≥60岁为老年组（ B组）, A组97例97只眼,B组85例87只眼,对比分析两个年龄段的病因构成。结果在所有患者中,玻璃体积血发生的最主要原因为增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）,为79例80只眼,占43．48％;第二位为视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）患者共78例79只眼,占42．93％,视网膜裂孔或孔源性视网膜脱离（ RH／RD）导致的玻璃体积血14例14只眼,占7．61％,是第三大原因。三者之和共171例173只眼,占所有非外伤性玻璃体积血患者的94．02％。 A组与B组之间的病因构成存在统计学差异（χ2＝17．589, P＝0．001）。 A组97只眼中,RVO 34只眼、PDR 55只眼、视网膜裂孔或脱离（RH／RD）6只眼、共占A组玻璃体积血患眼的97．94％;其中PDR患者比例最多占A组玻璃体积血患眼的56．70％。 B组87只眼中,RVO 45只眼、PDR 25只眼、RH／RD 8只眼、渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性（EAMD）8只眼,共占B组玻璃体积血患眼的98．85％;其中RVO患者比例最多占B组玻璃体积血患眼的51．72％。结论玻璃体切割手术治疗的中老年人非外伤性玻璃体积血的常见原因为：RVO、PDR、RH／RD、EAMD;不同年龄段构成比不同,45～60岁人群中PDR多见;60岁以上人群中RVO多见。     

Detection of iso‐α‐acids to confirm beer consumption in postmortem specimens

Iso‐α‐acids (IAAs) can be used as markers for the consumption of beer. Postmortem specimens from a range of coronial cases were analyzed for IAAs in order to determine the prevalence of beer consumption and any correlation to blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). A total of 130 cases were included in this study including those where beer was mentioned in the case circumstances, cases where beer was not mentioned specifically but alcohol was detected, and cases where neither beer was mentioned nor a positive BAC was present. Available blood, serum, vitreous humour and urine specimens were analyzed. Of the 50 cases where beer was mentioned, 86% had one or more IAAs detected. In cases that only had a positive BAC (n = 60), 57% of these cases also showed the presence of these beer markers. IAAs were detected in specimens obtained from traumatized, burnt, and decomposed cases with a mention of beer consumption or where BAC was positive in blood. No IAAs were detected in cases where BAC was negative. There was little or no correlation between blood IAA concentrations and BAC. This study demonstrates the possible detection of IAAs as a marker for beer consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辨证分期治疗糖尿病性严重玻璃体积血临床观察

目的观察中医辨证分期治疗糖尿病性玻璃体积血的疗效。方法糖尿病性玻璃体积血73例88眼,随机分为治疗组43例50眼,对照组35例38眼。治疗组以中医辨证分期治疗,对照组服用安络血、多贝斯等。两组疗程均为45d。结果治疗组总有效率84.0%,对照组为57.9%（P（0.05）。结论中医辨证分期治疗玻璃体积血疗效较好。