温阳法治疗便秘源流述要

温阳法是中医辨证治疗便秘的重要方法之一。《黄帝内经》为温阳法治疗便秘的理论渊源;汉代《伤寒杂病论》首创温阳法治疗便秘的理法方药;隋唐时期,温阳法治疗便秘不断推陈出新;宋金元时期,多位医家对温阳法治疗便秘进行了深入的探索;而到了明清时期,温阳法治疗便秘有了较大的创新及完善。因此,追溯温阳法治疗便秘的历史源流,有助于更加了解及重视温阳法在便秘治疗中的应用。     

Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in GC‐2spd cells

Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer of synthetic polymers, is a well‐known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) and reproductive toxicant. Addressing the unclear mechanism of DEHP‐induced reproductive dysfunction, this study used GC‐2spd cells to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the DEHP‐induced toxicity in the male reproductive system. The results indicated that the apoptotic cell death was significantly induced by DEHP exposure over 100 μM. Furthermore, DEHP treatment could induce oxidative stress in GC‐2spd cells involving in the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (200 μM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity (50 and 100 μM). In addition, DEHP induction also caused the elevated ratios of Bax/Bcl‐2, release of cytochrome c and decomposition of procaspase‐3 and procaspase‐9 in GC‐2spd cells. Taken together, our work provided the evidence that DEHP exposure might induce apoptosis of GC‐2spd cells via mitochondria pathway mediated by oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1055–1064, 2017.     

Determination of four metabolites of the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in human urine samples

Summary A method for biological monitoring of exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is described. In this method the four main metabolites of DEHP [i.e., mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl)phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)-phthalate] are determined in urine samples. The procedure includes enzymatic hydrolysis, ether extraction, and derivatization with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. Analysis is performed by gas chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry. The detection limit for all four metabolites is less than 25 g/l urine. The coefficient of variation based on duplicate determinations of urine samples of workers occupationally exposed to DEHP was 16% for MEHP (mean concentration 0.157 mg/l) and 6% -9% for the other three metabolites (mean concentrations 0.130-0.175 mg/1). The method described here was used to study DEHP metabolism in man. Most persons excrete mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)-phthalate and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate as a (glucuronide) conjugate. Mono (5-carboxy-2-ethyl-pentyl)phthalate is mainly excreted in free form, while for MEHP a large interindividual variation in conjugation status was observed. Of the four metabolites quantified, 52% are products of a ((-l)-hydroxylation reaction of MEHP [i.e., mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate], 22% is the product of a -hydroxylation reaction of MEHP [i.e., mono (5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl)phthalate], and 26% is not oxidized further (i.e., MEHP). A good correlation is obtained when the amount of MEHP -hydroxylation products is compared with the amount of MEHP (-1)hydroxylation products in urine samples. When the internal dose of DEHP has to be established we recommend that the levels of all four metabolites of DEHP be studied in urine samples.     

含地黄饮子脑脊液对PC-12细胞氧化应激的影响

目的 通过建立Aβ损伤的PC12细胞模型,分析含地黄饮子脑脊液对PC-12细胞氧化应激的影响.方法 将PC12细胞离体培养,待细胞进入对数生长期后吸弃培养液,分别加入空白培养液10％、正常脑脊液10％、含安理申脑脊液10％、含地黄饮子脑脊液5％、含地黄饮子脑脊液10％、含地黄饮子脑脊液20％,并加培养液补至等量,即成为:空白组、模型组、安理申组、地黄饮子低剂量组、地黄饮子中剂量组、地黄饮子高剂量组,37℃孵育2h.除空白组外各组均加入4μl经老化处理终浓度为10μ mol/L的Aβ25-35,建立AD细胞模型,空白组则加入4μl空白培养液,继续37℃孵育24h.然后收集培养液,离心细胞.检测各组PC12细胞培养液中MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的含量.结果 地黄饮子能降低Aβ25-35损伤PC-12细胞培养液中的MDA含量,提高PC-12细胞培养液中SOD的活性、提高CAT、GSH-Px的含量即抗氧化酶活性,提高自由基清除能力,减少自由基对PC-12细胞的损伤.结论 含地黄饮子脑脊液可能通过改善Aβ25-35损伤的PC-12细胞状态,减轻脂质过氧化反应,提高降低的抗氧化酶活性,清除自由基,从而起到保护细胞的作用.     

《黄帝内经》中腧穴配伍理论及特点探析

总结归纳了《黄帝内经》中腧穴配伍的特点及规律,认为其虽然配伍腧穴数目较少,但传递了重要的配伍理念和思想,形成了腧穴配伍理论的雏形,提出了局远配穴、表里配穴等腧穴配伍基本形式,并且关注影响配伍疗效的其它因素,对后世腧穴配伍理论的发展具有重要的指导作用。     

《黄帝内经》翻译批评现状研究

翻译批评是完善《黄帝内经》(《内经》)译本和指导未来中医翻译实践的必要手段,是联系翻译理论和实践的重要桥梁。从2000年开始,《内经》翻译批评活动开始蓬勃发展,相关文章大量涌现,从《内经》翻译批评活动所依据的翻译理论以及翻译批评的种类两方面对《内经》翻译批评现状进行简要的研究和概述,希望为以后的翻译批评活动提供一定的指导。     

Clinical efficacy of Qi Di laxative decoction in the treatment of functional constipation: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Functional constipation (FC) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by slow bowel movement and defecation difficulties, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and exerting heavy financial burden to whole society. However, more than 50% FC patients are not completely satisfied with current therapies and alternative therapies are urgently required. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine has a good therapeutic effect on FC, which is well known for its multitarget and multimode effects on diverse diseases as well as less side effects. Furthermore, studies proved that Qi Di Laxative Decoction was an effective treatment for FC. Its safety and effectiveness should be verified by further studies.Methods:We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction in treating FC: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Excerpta Medica database. Each database will be searched from inception to November 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses.Results:This proposed study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction for patients with FC. The outcomes will include changes in FC relief and adverse effect.Conclusion:This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction in treating FC.Dissemination and ethics:The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.OSF Registration Number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/M2ESR     

Utility of antibodies against a 22 kD molecule of Dirofilaria immitis in the diagnosis of human pulmonary dirofilariasis

Summary To assess the characteristics of an ELISA test for the diagnosis of human pulmonary dirofilariasis, we studied the sera of 24 subjects with other helmintoses and of 37 patients suffering from non-parasitic focal lung diseases, comparing them with negative and positive sera. ELISA and Western blot with complete somatic antigen and ELISA with protein Di22 (specifically recognized in cases of lung dirofilariasis) were performed. With ELISA SA the false positive rate was 25% in cases with other parasitoses and 30% in cases with focal lung diseases. ELISA Di22 decreases this positivity levels. Only 2 cases with visceral larva migrans (8.3%) and a case with lung nodules metastatic from renal adenocarcinoma (2.7%) were positive. ELISA Di22 therefore greatly decreases the false positive rate of ELISA SA.     

《内经》关于心力衰竭病证探讨

心力衰竭是临床常见疾病之一,是多种心系疾病或非心系疾病发展的结果,如心悸、胸痹心痛、咳嗽,水肿等。《内经》中无"心力衰竭"这一病名,但对于心力衰竭病证因机证治的记载较为详细,其内容散见于和本病有关"心痹"、"心咳"、"肾病"、"肺病"等疾病中。通过归纳总结,对《内经》中心力衰竭的症状、脉象描述、病因病机、治则治法、食疗、预后等方面进行全面分析论述,以供现代临床参考和借鉴,从而用来指导现代临床辨治思维。     

Influence of capillary and tissue PO2 on carbon monoxide binding to myoglobin: A theoretical evaluation

In order to evaluate how much myoglobin is linked to CO at various HbCO concentrations and at different P_O2, a three compartment model (arterial blood, venous capillary blood, and tissue myoglobin) has been considered. A steady-state condition has been assumed for O₂ consumption with no metabolization for CO. The curves obtained by computer simulation of the proposed model indicate that HbCO levels found in smokers entail values of MbCO which could be high enough to reduce intracellular oxygen transport significantly: especially where the P_O2 is physiologically low (as in subendocardium) and/or hypoxemic-ischemic conditions are present.