老化皮肤的胶原与弹性组织变化研究

目的：探讨光曝露情况及年龄因素对皮肤中弹性组织、Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原及基底膜Ⅳ型胶原的影响,进而探索皱纹形成的组织学原因。方法：对80例取自不同年龄志愿者的曝光部位（眶周/前额、面颊）及非曝光部位（腹部/臀部）的皮肤组织进行HE染色、Weigert染色、苦味酸天狼猩红染色及免疫组化处理,采用显微形态观察和半定量分析。结果：各部位皮肤基底膜内Ⅳ型胶原的含量无差异;随着曝光时间增加,前额/眶周皮肤中Ⅰ型胶原减少率最大,弹性变性物质增加率最大。结论：前额/眶周皮肤的胶原显著减少和弹性变性物质明显增生,是该部位皮肤皱纹早发的重要原因。     

瘢痕疙瘩形成机制的研究进展

瘢痕疙瘩是烧伤外科研究的重要课题，其形成机制尚未完全明确，本文就其在遗传机制、免疫作用、细胞增殖与胶原代谢、细胞因子等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Influence of Rifampin on Capsule Formation Around Silicone Implants in a Rat Model

This study investigated the effect of rifampin on the thickness of capsules around silicone implants by bactericidal activity against Stapylococcus epidermidis. Silicone blocks (1 × 1 cm) were placed into pockets created for each of the 40 rats included in the study. In group 1, the operation was performed under aseptic conditions. In group 2, standard S. epidermidis was inoculated into the pocket, whereas rifampin and S. epidermidis were applied in group 3. In group 4, only rifampin was applied topically on implants. After 12 weeks, the peri-implant capsules were removed and examined under a photomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. The mean thickness of the capsules was 63.307 μm in group 1, 111.538 μm in group 2, 43.076 μm in group 3, and 30.384 μm in group 4. The differences between groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Rifampin appears to be an agent for preventing peri-implant capsule formation.     

Interstitial stereotactic radiosurgery of pilocytic astrocytomas in paediatric patients

Summary Objective. To evaluate the clinical presentation, tumour response, clinical improvement and complications in 12 children and young people with a pilocytic astrocytoma, WHO I grade 1, who were treated with interstitial radiosurgery using Iodine-125 seed implants. Patients and Methods. Retrospective analysis of 12 patients aged under 18 years (mean 8.4 years, ranging from 8 months to 17 years of age) with a pilocytic astrocytoma treated between 1993 and 2006. Iodine-125 seeds were used as temporary implants with low-dose rate (≤10 cGy/h) and a calculated reference dose of 60 and 100 Gy to the outer ring of the tumour. Results. There was no perioperative mortality. Two patients worsened transiently, but thereafter each patient improved clinically. Eleven out of 12 tumours shrank after the treatment. The mean volume of the tumours before implantation was 17.9 cm³. and was reduced to 60% of this volume at 6 months, to 26.5% at 12 months, to 8% at 24 months, and was less than 1% at 30–36 months One patient underwent a reimplantation to treat a recurrence 3 years after the initial treatment. Ten patients were alive 2 years after the first intervention. In the longest surving patient, there was no evidence of progression after 13.4 years of follow up.     

Total Endovascular Debranching of the Aortic Arch

Background

Significant morbidity and mortality are related to conventional aortic replacement surgery. Endovascular debranching techniques, fenestrated or branched endografts are time consuming and costly.

Objective

We alternatively propose to use endovascular approach with parallel grafts for debranching of aortic arch.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, 12 F sheaths were inserted in the femoral, axillary and common carotid arteries for vascular accesses. ViaBahn grafts 10 – 15 cm in length were placed into the aortic arch from right common carotid, left common carotid and left axillary arteries, until the tip of each graft reached into the ascending aorta. Through one femoral artery, the aortic stent –graft was positioned and delivered. Soon after, the parallel grafts were sequentially delivered. Self-spanding Wallstents^R were used for parallel grafts reinforcement. Ballooning was routinely used for parallel grafts and rarely for aortic graft.

Results

This technique was used in 2 cases. The first one was a lady with 72 years old, with an aortic retrograde dissection from left subclavian artery and involving remaining arch branches. Through right common carotid artery a stent-graft was placed in the ascending aorta and through the left common carotid artery a ViaBahn was inserted parallel to the former. A thoracic endograft then covered all the aortic arch dissection extending into the ascending aorta close to the sinu –tubular junction. The second case was a 82 year old male patient with a 7 cm aortic arch aneurysm. Through both common carotid arteries ViaBahn grafts were introduced and positioned into the ascending aorta. Soon after, the deployment of the thoracic stent graft covered all parallel grafts of the aortic arch, excluding the aneurysm. Both cases did not have neurologic or cardiac complications and were discharged 10 days after the procedure.

Conclusions

This technique may be a good minimal invasive off-the-shelf technical option for aortic arch ‘‘debranching’’. More data and further improvements are required before this promising technique can be widely advocated.     

定制型肱骨近端假体结合人工补片重建肩关节的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术中使用人工补片重建盂肱关节囊的手术方法及其对稳定肩关节、预防术后肱骨头脱位的效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年1月,回顾性分析接受定制型肱骨近端假体结合聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建肩关节的患者12例,男7例,女5例;年龄21～55岁,平均38岁.肿瘤类型:骨巨细胞瘤9例,骨肉瘤1例,软骨肉瘤2例.9例骨巨细胞瘤患者中3例为Campanacci Ⅱ期,6例为Campanacci Ⅲ期;1例骨肉瘤患者为Enneking ⅡB期;2例软骨肉瘤患者均为Enneking Ⅱ A期.采用国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评估标准评价术后肩关节功能.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间24～52个月,平均35个月.手术出血量150～500 ml,平均254 ml;手术时间150～200 min,平均172 min.术后患者肩关节前屈20°～60°,平均41°;外展20°～70°,平均42°.MSTS评分为53%～77%,平均66%.术后无一例患者出现臂丛损伤、切口感染及假体脱位;随访期间无一例患者出现局部复发、远处转移或死亡.结论 使用聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建盂肱关节囊可显著减少肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术后肱骨头假体脱位的发生,便于周围软组织的附着和长入.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the surgical technique,postoperative function and dislocation incidence of proximal humerus reconstruction with metallic endoprostheses and polypropylene knitted nonabsorbable mesh after proximal humeral tumor resection.Methods Twenty patients with proximal humeral tumor were retrospectively reviewed.They were performed proximal humerus reconstruction with proximal humeral prosthesis and polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh from February 2006 to January 2009.There were 5 women and 7 men with a mean age of 38 years(range,21-55 years)at the time of surgery,and giant cell tumor in 9 patients(including Campanacci Ⅱ for 3,Campanacci Ⅲ for 6),osteosarcoma in 1(Enneking ⅡB).and chondrosarcoma in 2 (Enneking ⅡA).The operative time,blood loss,and shoulder movement postoperation were analysed.According to the assessment system by MSTS,the function of limb after surgery was assessed.Results Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 24 months (mean,35 months;range,24-52 months).The mean operative time was 172 min(range,150-200min).The mean blood loss was 254 ml (range,150-500 ml).There were no shoulder dislocations at final follow-up.The mean shoulder flexion was 41°(range,20°-60°)and mean shoulder abduction was 42°(range,20°-70°).The mean postoperative functional assessment score of the limb was 66%(range,53%-77%).None of the Datients had a wound infection,traction neuropraxia or died after the surgical procedure.Conclnsion The data suggests that the use of a polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh for proximal humerus reconstruction may reduce dislocations and facilitate soft tissue attachment after tumor resection.     

Convertible implants: Simplifying the revision from anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Modern shoulder arthroplasty techniques include hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Out of all arthroplasty procedures, total shoulder arthroplasty produces more satisfactory outcomes for osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthropathy (Sanchez-Sotelo, 2011 [1]). As shoulder arthroplasty procedures continue to increase in popularity, so do revision surgeries (revision TSAs and revision RSAs). Implants used in shoulder arthroplasty procedures have been transformed substantially from generation to generation, going from 1st to 4th generation implants. We propose 5th generation convertible implants that enable a more patient-specific, anatomic reconstruction with the potential to solve major issues that exist with implants from previous years.     

Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术的中期随访结果分析

目的 观察Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后临床和影像学结果以及相邻节段退变的情况.方法 回顾性分析术后随访时间超过2年的26例单节段置换患者的临床资料,临床效果采用JOA和Odom评分进行评定.采用x线片观察手术节段活动度和椎旁骨化.采用X线片和MRI观察对比相邻节段退变情况.术前X线片示置换节段的活动度为2°～12°,平均为6.9°.结果 (1)临床结果:18例脊髓型颈椎病患者随访时JOA评分平均16分,平均改善率84%,8例神经根型颈椎病患者随访时临床症状全部消失.Odom分级:优秀15例,良好7例,一般4例.(2)X线片:术后置换节段的活动度为1°～14°,平均7.8°;7例出现假体周围异位骨化,仅1例假体运动消失,其余6例平均活动度为5.3°.相邻节段椎间隙高度术后无明显变化.(3)MRI T2加权像:根据Pfirrmann椎间盘退变分级方法,相邻节段椎间盘的分级术后无明显加重表现;相邻节段黄韧带肥厚对椎管的侵占率术后无明显加重;但是上下相邻椎间盘侵占率均略有增加.结论 Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术保留了置换节段的运动性,避免了相邻节段的加速退变,2年以上随访效果优良.     

维拉帕米对胶原基因表达及大鼠腹膜粘连形成的影响

目的探讨维拉帕米(Verapamil)在胶原基因表达及大鼠腹膜粘连形成中的作用.方法通过造成腹壁和盲肠浆膜的均一缺损制成大鼠粘连模型;关腹前注入1ml生理盐水或维拉帕米(0.002 kg/L);术后7 d进行粘连评分;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法测定各组织标本Ⅰ(α2)、Ⅲ(α1)型胶原基因mRNA的表达.结果与正常腹膜相比,模型组和生理盐水组粘连组织Ⅰ(α2)、Ⅲ(α1)型胶原基因mRNA表达显著增强(0.64±0.17至4.37±0.83、3.56±0.57,P＜0.01;0.06±0.02至0.39±0.12、0.47±0.21,P＜0.01);与模型组或生理盐水组相比,维拉帕米组大鼠粘连显著减轻,同时Ⅰ(α2)、Ⅲ(α1)型胶原基因mRNA表达显著减弱(0.77±0.21,0.09±0.03,P＜0.01).结论粘连形成过程中胶原基因表达增强,抑制胶原基因表达能减轻粘连程度.