数字骨科三维可视化技术在股骨转子间骨折复位内固定中的应用

背景:对于复杂的股骨转子间骨折复位缺乏有效的术前规划方法,导致手术时间延长,手术难度增加.同时数字骨科三维可视化技术在股骨转子间骨折手术中应用的优势缺乏临床验证.目的:通过数字骨科三维可视化技术明确复杂股骨转子间骨折的移位情况,实现术前模拟复位固定,从而为术中复杂股骨转子间骨折复位以及固定提供思路与方法.方法:选择20...     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的研究

为研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重，分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照4组，每组10只健康雄性SD，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织bcl-2/bax的表达情况。发现7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bcl-2 mRNA水平明显低于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bcl-2 mRNA水平与对照组相比无显著性差异（P＜0．05）；7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bax mRNA水平明显高于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bax mRNA水平与对照组相比亦无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。提示尾悬吊7天模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因存在变化。     

便携式连续性血液净化机在模拟地震环境中对挤压综合征犬的治疗效果及安全性

目的 探讨便携式连续性血液净化机（portable continuous blood purification machine,PCBPM）在模拟地震环境中对挤压伤犬进行持续静-静脉血液滤过（continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH）治疗的有效性及安全性.方法 选择健康成年犬8只,使用动物挤压模型设备建立犬挤压综合征（crush syndrome,CS）相关急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）模型,然后在地震模拟震动平台上用PCBPM对已致伤犬进行治疗.计算PCBPM置换液流量控制精度和脱水精度.监测呼吸、心率、平均动脉压、肛温、血肌酐、尿素氮、电解质等指标变化.结果 （1）测得置换液流量控制精度平均2.60％;脱水精度平均0.27％,机器运转正常;（2）犬受到重物挤压8h后,出现CS相关AKI.经治疗各项主要生理生化指标得到明显改善（P＜0.05）,8只犬全部存活.结论 PCBPM能在模拟地震环境中对CS相关AKI犬进行CVVH治疗,且安全、有效.     

影响植物栽培的空问飞行因素

植物栽培是空间站和空间生保系统的重要研究课题,因其不仅可以参与水气循环维持系统的稳定,而且可以为航天员提供新鲜蔬菜,供应多种维生素和微量元素,并有一定的抗辐射和抗氧化作用,对航天员的生理和心理健康都有积极意义.进行空间植物栽培必须要考虑到空间飞行因素对植物生长发育的影响.空间飞行因素主要可分为三类:外部因素(宇宙辐射、真空、温度),动态(微重力、加速度、振动、噪声)和飞船内部因素(密闭隔离,合成气环境、地磁场缺失、温度与气压波动等).本文详细介绍了这些因素对植物的影响.     

Changes in bone turnover markers during 14-day 6° head-down bed rest

Osteoporosis caused by exposure to microgravity represents a serious clinical concern, but the mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The present research aimed to elucidate the effects of microgravity environments on bone turnover, with a specific focus on changes in bone resorption markers such as type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr), for which scant data are available regarding detailed time course. Methods using 6° head-down bed rest were utilized to simulate a microgravity environment. Eleven adult male volunteers underwent 6° head-down bed rest for 14 days; measurements were made of serum and urine Ca concentrations, in addition to osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), NTx, and Dpyr as bone turnover markers. By the end of bed rest, concentrations of bone ALP had significantly increased, but OC displayed a tendency toward decrease. Concentrations of Dpyr significantly increased from day 6, remaining elevated until the end of bed rest. Concentrations of NTx significantly increased on day 13 and at the end of bed rest. Serum and urinary concentrations of Ca increased significantly at the end of bed rest. Bone ALP represents a relatively early marker of osteoblast differentiation at the matrix maturation phase and OC is a late marker in osteoblast differentiation at the calcification phase. The present results therefore suggest an absolute increase in bone resorption and normal or reduced bone formation, together causing prominent uncoupling and rapid bone loss after simulated microgravity. Moreover, the present results suggest that bone resorption is enhanced at an early stage of exposure to microgravity environments.     

基于模拟炮制法研究黄芩炒炭前后苷类成分的变化

目的:通过模拟炮制法探讨不同炒炭程度对黄芩饮片中苷类成分变化的影响。方法:采用Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;柱温箱温度25℃;进样量10μL;检测波长277 nm;流动相A为甲醇,B为0.4%磷酸,C为乙腈,使用梯度洗脱的方式,流速1 mL/min。通过模拟炮制的方法对黄芩苷与黄芩素、汉黄芩苷与汉黄芩素在炒炭温度下的转化进行初步研究。结果:黄芩炒炭后,黄芩苷以及汉黄芩苷的含量下降,而黄芩素以及汉黄芩素的含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。另外,在黄芩苷模拟样品中检出黄芩素,在汉黄芩苷模拟炮制品种检出汉黄芩素。结论:不同炒炭程度对黄芩中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素含量有显著影响,模拟炮制法可较为真实地反映黄芩苷类成分在炒炭过程中的变化情况。     

微重力引起的骨质丢失研究进展

人类对太空的探索日益频繁,然而太空微重力会引起航天员骨质丢失,对航天员的健康造成损害。因此,有研究者通过航天实验及模拟微重力实验研究微重力下骨质丢失的发生机制及解决措施。微重力会引起成骨细胞和破骨细胞代谢活动改变,并引起机体对钙离子新陈代谢的改变。航天微重力导致的骨质丢失是微重力和太空射线共同作用的结果。本文将对微重力所致骨质丢失的发生机制和治疗对策加以概述。     

Variations in Digestive Physiology of Rats After Short Duration Flights Aboard the US Space Shuttle

The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of microgravity on several endogenous and microbial parameters of digestive physiology. On the occasion of two Spacelab Life Sciences missions, SLS-1 (a 9-day space flight) and SLS-2 (a 14-day space flight), Sprague-Dawley rats flown aboard the US space shuttle were compared to age-matched ground-based controls. In both flights, exposure to microgravity modified cecal fermentation: concentration and profile of short-chain fatty acids were altered, whereas urea and ammonia remained unchanged. Only in SLS-1 was there an induction of intestinal glutathione-S-transferase. Additional analyses in SLS-2 showed a decrease of hepatic CYP450 and of colonic goblet cells containing neutral mucin. After a postflight recovery period equal to the mission length, only modifications of the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes still persisted. These findings should help to predict the alterations of digestive physiology and detoxification potential likely to occur in astronauts. Their possible influence on health is discussed.