Deficiency of Jamc Leads to Congenital Nuclear Cataract and Activates the Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Lenses

PurposeThe malfunction of junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) has been reported to induce congenital cataract in humans and mice; however, specific characters and the mechanism of this cataract are still unclear. This study aimed to characterize abnormal lens development in Jamc knockout mice and clarify the underlying mechanism.Methods Jamc knockout mice backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 genetic background were used for this research. Slit-lamp and darkfield images showed the cataract phenotype of Jamc^−/− mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to visualize the morphological and histological features. RNA sequencing was applied to detect differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to determine the level of unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes. TUNEL staining was utilized to label cell death.Results Jamc knockout mice exhibited nuclear cataract with abnormal lens morphology and defective degradation of nuclei and organelles in lens fiber cells. Compared with wild-type control mice, the expression level of BiP, CHOP, TRIB3, and CHAC1, genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and the UPR, were highly upregulated in Jamc^−/− lenses, suggesting that abnormal lens development was accompanied by UPR activation. Moreover, increased cell death was also found in Jamc^−/− lenses.ConclusionsCongenital nuclear cataract caused by Jamc deficiency is accompanied by defective degradation of nuclei and organelles in lens fiber cells, lens structure disorder, and UPR activation, suggesting that JAM-C is required for maintaining normal lens development and that UPR activation is involved in cataract formation in Jamc-deficient lenses.     

Operating microscope light-induced retinal injury: Mechanisms,clinical manifestations,and preventive measures

Experimental and clinical evidence of light-induced retinal injuryassociated with the operating microscope is reviewed. The mechanism of photochemical injury is discussed, as well as the concept of reversible phototoxic insults. Factors that influence retinal recovery and measures that can be taken by the surgeon to reduce light exposure to the retina are also discussed.     

腰痛宁胶囊联合碳酸钙D3片治疗老年性骨质疏松性骨痛的临床疗效

目的探讨腰痛宁胶囊联合碳酸钙D₃片在缓解老年性骨质疏松性骨痛方面的临床疗效。方法收集自2018年9月―2019年12月在陕西中医药大学附属医院骨伤科门诊就诊,符合老年性骨质疏松症诊断标准,疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analoguescale,VAS)评分在3～8分患者120例,随机分为对照组(60例)和治疗组(60例)。对照组口服碳酸钙D3片作为基础治疗,每次0.6g,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上内服腰痛宁胶囊治疗骨质疏松性骨痛,每次4粒,每晚睡前0.5h黄酒10 mL兑少量温开水送服。降钙素类其他抗骨质疏松药物,医师知情可不改变剂量的情况下继续使用。连续用药2周,入组前及入组后3、7、14 d各随访1次,共4次,时间窗±1 d。治疗结束后根据各访视期VAS评分改变,以疼痛程度改善情况进行疗效评价。测定治疗前、后患者血清中疼痛相关因子。结果治疗组60例患者总有效率91.7%。对照组60例患者总有效率23.3%,有效率明显低于治疗组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后与治疗前比较,从静息痛、触压痛、活动痛三方面观察,VAS评分均有所...     

老年人跌倒危险因素及预防研究进展

阐述老年人跌倒发生情况,并从内部因素和外部因素综述老年人跌倒的危险因素以及预防措施的研究进展。     

中医按摩手法结合50%红花酒精预防老年卧床患者压疮护理研究

目的:观察中医按摩手法结合50%红花酒精对老年卧床患者预防压疮的护理效果。方法:从2016年12月—2018年12月期间收治的老年卧床患者中抽取86例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法平均分为普通组和联合护理组2组,普通组(43例)采用常规方法护理,联合护理组(43例)在常规护理的基础上采用中医按摩手法结合50%红花酒精进行护理。分析2组患者压疮发生概率、住院时间、生活质量。结果:联合护理组压疮发生率为6.98%,低于普通组的25.58%(P<0.05)。联合护理组住院时间短于普通组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后,联合护理组生活质量SF-36总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、生命活力、社会功能、情感职能、心理健康各项评分值,均高于普通组(P<0.05)。结论:中医按摩手法结合50%红花酒精对老年卧床患者预防压疮的护理,能够明显缩短患者住院时间,提高生活质量。     

衍射型非球面多焦点人工晶状体眼视功能的初步观察

目的:初步观察植入TecnisZM900衍射型非球面多焦点人工晶状体眼视功能,以评价TecnisZM900衍射型非球面多焦人工晶状体植入的有效性及安全性。方法:共21例(30眼)行白内障超声乳化术患者植入Tec-nisZM900衍射型非球面多焦点人工晶状体,观察患者术后远、近视力,角膜散光度数,对比敏感度,手术并发症,问卷形式调查脱镜率、视觉不良症状和满意度,随访时间为术后3～12mo。结果:植入TecnisZM900MIOL患者术后3mo裸眼远、近视力分别为1.00±0.20,0.86±0.27;术前与术后3mo角膜散光度数比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05);对比敏感度在低、中空间频率段均位于正常范围内,高空间频率段则有部分病例稍下降;脱镜率为86%(18/21)。结论:TecnisZM900衍射型非球面多焦点人工晶状体可为患者提供良好的远、近视力,86%的患者可摘掉眼镜。     

Toric IOL在眼科中的应用

Toric IOL,又称散光人工晶状体,是将散光矫正与人工晶状体的球镜度数相结合的一种新型屈光性人工晶状体。Toric IOL可使白内障合并散光的患者获得更好的术后视觉效果。本文回顾了Toric IOL的发展史,全面讨论了Toric IOL植入的术前检查、手术方法和术后临床效果观察,分析探讨了Toric IOL目前存在的问题,并对其未来发展进行展望。     

改良式前房放液在白内障超声乳化术后早期高眼压中的应用

目的:探讨改良式前房放液法在白内障超声乳化吸出术后早期高眼压的应用价值。方法:对我院3170眼白内障超声乳化吸出术患者中14眼出现术后早期高眼压的患者经过一次性注射器针头轻压角膜侧切口放出部分房水,降低眼压,减轻角膜水肿。结果:经过上述处理后14眼眼压下降为(11.4±5.1)mmHg,角膜透明;视力大于或等于0.7者8眼,0.3～0.5者5眼,0.2者1眼;未出现与改良式前房放液相关并发症。结论:改良式前房放液治疗白内障超声乳化术后早期高眼压简单易行、安全有效,值得推广。