Aspect quantitatif et qualitatif de la traumatologie du sport dans les services d’accueil et d’urgence

The purpose of this article is to report a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sports trauma activity in emergency units in France. A prospective survey was conducted in four emergency units and included 598 cases of sports trauma, which accounted for 17% of the trauma activity. Emergency room physicians thus play an essential role in care for sports trauma victims in France. Diagnosis of the severity of the injury is essential in sports trauma, particularly when the knee is involved. A prospective analysis of two prospective series showed that triage in the emergency room could be perfected. This leads to discuss the importance of training emergency physicians in sports trauma.     

L’importance du discours intérieur dans la sémiologie psychiatrique

ObjectivesEntangled in a semiology that aspires to imitate medical semiology, psychiatry does not take seriously enough the question of internal discourse, while many psychiatric phenomena relate to the articulation between internal discourse and external discourse.The intention of this article is to draw the attention of psychiatry to the issue of internal discourse, which is insufficiently addressed within the discipline. Psychiatric semiology should be more interested in and should approach this issue of internal discourse differently. For this, it could integrate the contribution of modern linguistics and rediscover Jacques Lacan's theory of language.MethodThe article first recalls the basic principles of psychiatric semiology based on the work of Lanteri-Laura, Henri Ey, and, more recently, that of Steeves Demazeux. He shows how psychiatry has moved from a classical semiology based on the body to that of mental faculties, more or less attached to bodies. The question of internal discourse does not find its place in these approaches.DiscussionHallucinations, delusions, obsessive and melancholy ruminations… All these phenomena are related to the question of inner speech. This does not mean that they are similar or should be approached in a comparable way.ConclusionHuman beings seem to be both speaking through their outwardly directed speech and partly spoken, through their internal speech. This must be taken into account not only from a semiological point of view but also when it comes to organizing care.     

Mesure des mycotoxines aéroportées

The aim of this study was to apply a new methodological approach to estimate the exposure of individuals to airborne moulds. We have developed a method that allows us to measure three mycotoxins (sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A) present in the indoor environment. The method we developed allows us to identify and to quantify these toxins at concentrations of 30 μg/L (N = 30, σ/m = 3,9%), 20 μg/L (N = 10, σ/m = 5,5%) et 20 μg/L (N = 10, σ/m = 7,6%, respectively. Using this analytical method and a rotating foam air sampler, previously validated, it was possible to measure the concentrations of the three airborne mycotoxins with a detection limit of 60 pg/m³. The results of this study of the transfer of mycotoxins from their substrate into the air showed that the quantity that was aerosolized was not proportional to that present on contaminated materials. In addition, measurement of airborne mycotoxins appears be a more relevant means to evaluate the level of exposure in populations.     

Une lecture, avec Georges Lantéri-Laura, de quelques postulats de la pathologie du langage dans la psychiatrie du XX siècle

While contributing to the phenomenological elucidation of the psychiatric field, George Lantéri-Laura proceeded to the diachronic study of the possible conditions of linguistic studies.He showed how, at the end of the XIX^th century, a certain number of postulates - Bouillaud, Baillarger and Séglas - constituted the implicit basis of later semiology of language. We may add the postulate of the independence of word, idea and the ideational theory of the meaning proper to the philosophy of associationism.At the end of XX^th Century, while the transformation of associationism took place, a theoretical change encouraging the idea of a field which is neither translinguistic, nor universal. Refusing to regard this question as closed, G Lantéri-Laura proposed his own structural reading of semantic disorders in psychiatry by including the stylistic study, and beyond the strictly structuralist point of view the study of the autobiographical narration. This approach studies the links of language and subjectivity as, linguistics of enunciation (linguistic pragmatics), as French psychoanalysis has done since the Sixties, by questioning the ordinary dialogism of the inner language and its troubles, in particular verbal hallucinations, it also studies the heterogeneity of discourse, and the modalities according to which the subject of enunciation is explicitly inscribed, or not, in statements.