儿童肾病综合征纤维蛋白原含量、血小板参数、免疫球蛋白变化分析

目的探讨各型NS患儿血浆纤维蛋白原含量、血小板参数、免疫球蛋白水平的变化及临床意义。方法回顾性分析99例NS患儿血小板计数（BPC）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、大血小板比率（P-LCR）、纤维蛋白原含量（FIB）、免疫球蛋白IgA,IgG,IgM并进行统计学分析。结果肾炎型和单纯型NS患儿相比,血小板计数（BPC）、纤维蛋白原含量（FIB）、大血小板比率（P-LCR）明显升高,血小板分布宽度（PDW）及IgG明显降低,两组间差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）,IgA、IgM,两组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论FIB,BPC,P-LCR,PDW,IgG的监测对NS患儿体内高凝状态的判断,临床分型用药的指导及病情的推测具有积极意义。     

Quantum entanglement beyond Gaussian criteria

Most of the attention given to continuous variable systems for quantum information processing has traditionally been focused on Gaussian states. However, non-Gaussianity is an essential requirement for universal quantum computation and entanglement distillation, and can improve the efficiency of other quantum information tasks. Here we report the experimental observation of genuine non-Gaussian entanglement using spatially entangled photon pairs. The quantum correlations are invisible to all second-order tests, which identify only Gaussian entanglement, and are revealed only under application of a higher-order entanglement criterion. Thus, the photons exhibit a variety of entanglement that cannot be reproduced by Gaussian states.     

温州市152名幼儿屈光状态调查分析

目的:调查和了解幼儿屈光状态,加强幼儿视力保健。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,对152名(299眼)3岁至6岁的幼儿用0.50％托吡卡胺滴眼液麻痹睫状肌后检影验光,采用SPSS 11.0进行统计学分析。结果:屈光状态:全体儿童不同年龄组间两两比较,方差分析提示对于球镜和等效球镜,4岁组和3、5、6岁组之间差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异无显著性。对于柱镜,3岁组和4岁组女性差异有显著性,其余各组之间差异无显著性。4岁时各类屈光不正患病率最高。儿童屈光状态中,散光以低度顺规散光为主;总体以单纯远视最多见,复合远视散光次之。结论:幼儿中各类屈光不正患病率很高,应该引起必要的关注。提倡早期检查和早期治疗。     

短程心理干预对维持性血透病人心理状态的影响

目的:了解维持性血透病人的心理状态,并观察短程心理干预对心理状态的影响。方法:来自武汉市第一医院血液净化中心维持性血透病人61例,分为干预组及对照组。对干预组病人实施健康教育、心理支持、情境治疗及对病人家属教育等短程心理干预,并观察干预前后两组病人在医学应对方式、社会支持及情绪状态方面的情况。结果:干预组病人在心理干预后屈服分值由12.5±3.7降至9.3±2.5.回避由16.5±2.9降至14.4±2.7。社会支持度在客观支持度上变化不明显,但主观支持度由16.2±5.6升到21.6±5.1.对支持利用度由6.4±2.3升到8.8±2.8,社会支持总分由32.5±8.1升为38.9±8.7。情绪状态问卷中除有力-好动由10.3±6.2升到15.1±5.4外,其余4项得分均呈下降趋势,如紧张-焦虑由14.1±6.7降到10.5±5.2.忧郁-沮丧由22.9±14.5降到16.2±10.2,差异均有统计学意义。而对照组干预前后变化无统计学意义。结论:短程心理干预可改善维持性血透病人医学应对方式,主观社会支持度、对社会支持的利用及情绪状态。     

On the stationary states in gradient echo imaging

A formalism is presented that concisely describes the magnetization of a sample subjected to a periodic series of RF pulses. In this formalism, the steady state of the magnetization is shown to be a sum of magnetic substates, each with unique contrast characteristics. When more than one substate contributes to a given image, the substates interfere with each other, producing ghosts and other artifacts. Properly designed gradient protocols can image single substates, producing ghost-free images. The contrast of the image depends largely on the choice of the imaged substate. Analytic solutions for unspoiled, RF spoiled, and gradient spoiled magnetizations are presented.     

高度近视眼视力矫正不良与屈光度及眼底蜕变的关系

目的探讨高度近视眼的视力矫正不良随屈光度增加及眼底退行性病理变化(蜕变)的进展致视功能严重受损,视力愈难矫正的关系。方法高度近视眼患者140例(280眼),其屈光度在-6.25～-30.00D之间,全数进行散瞳视网膜检影验光;用A,B超测量眼球前后内径轴长;作眼底FFA检查,统计处理。结果高度近视眼视力矫正不良随屈光度增加而明显下降,当-15.00D时临床视力平均矫正不足0.42,当-25.00D时视力平均矫正在0.25,有极显著差异性(P<0.001)。根据FFA检查眼底后极部病变,随受损广泛程度不同而出现:单纯性病变,弥漫性病变,斑块性病变,复合性病变4种类型。同时有多种并发症发生而严重影响视力矫正,有明显差异性(P<0.01)。结论高度近视眼的视力矫正(光学)随屈光度增加而明显下降,屈光度愈高视力越难达到理想矫正;眼底后极部的一系列病理改变(蜕变)越广泛受损越严重则影响视功能愈明显,视力矫正愈降低;应采取综合性治疗措施。     

Cumulative activation during positive and negative events and state anxiety predicts subsequent inertia of amygdala reactivity

Inertia, together with intensity and valence, is an important component of emotion. We tested whether positive and negative events generate lingering changes in subsequent brain responses to unrelated threat stimuli and investigated the impact of individual anxiety. We acquired fMRI data while participants watched positive or negative movie-clips and subsequently performed an unrelated task with fearful and neutral faces. We quantified changes in amygdala reactivity to fearful faces as a function of the valence of preceding movies and cumulative neural activity evoked during them. We demonstrate that amygdala responses to emotional movies spill over to subsequent processing of threat information in a valence-specific manner: negative movies enhance later amygdala activation whereas positive movies attenuate it. Critically, the magnitude of such changes is predicted by a measure of cumulative amygdala responses to the preceding positive or negative movies. These effects appear independent of overt attention, are regionally limited to amygdala, with no changes in functional connectivity. Finally, individuals with higher state anxiety displayed stronger modulation of amygdala reactivity by positive movies. These results suggest that intensity and valence of emotional events as well as anxiety levels promote local changes in amygdala sensitivity to threat, highlighting the importance of past experience in shaping future affective reactivity.     

Is the tuberculosis vaccine BCG an alternative weapon for developing countries to defeat COVID-19?

BackgroudCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new respiratory infectious disease, and there is no vaccine currently. Previous studies have found that BCG vaccination can provide extensive protection against respiratory infectious diseases.MethodsHerein, we obtained the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO) as of August 12, 2020, and determined the relationship between three parameters (including the BCG vaccination coverage, human development index (HDI), and transmission classifications) and the incidence rate and mortality of COVID-19.ResultsThe results showed that the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in countries with BCG vaccination recommendation were significantly lower than these in countries without BCG vaccination recommendation, and countries with lower HDI have lower morbidity and mortality. In addition, we also found that the mode of virus transmission is also related to the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.ConclusionsAlthough our data supports the hypothesis that BCG vaccination is beneficial in reducing the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, the data supporting this result may be inaccurate due to many confounders such as PCR testing rate, population characteristics, and protection strategies, the reliability of this result still needs to be verified by clinical trials.     

Conformational processing of oncogenic v-Src kinase by the molecular chaperone Hsp90

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the activation of numerous client proteins, including many kinases. The most stringent kinase client is the oncogenic kinase v-Src. To elucidate how Hsp90 chaperones kinases, we reconstituted v-Src kinase chaperoning in vitro and show that its activation is ATP-dependent, with the cochaperone Cdc37 increasing the efficiency. Consistent with in vivo results, we find that Hsp90 does not influence the almost identical c-Src kinase. To explain these findings, we designed Src kinase chimeras that gradually transform c-Src into v-Src and show that their Hsp90 dependence correlates with compactness and folding cooperativity. Molecular dynamics simulations and hydrogen/deuterium exchange of Hsp90-dependent Src kinase variants further reveal increased transitions between inactive and active states and exposure of specific kinase regions. Thus, Hsp90 shifts an ensemble of conformations of v-Src toward high activity states that would otherwise be metastable and poorly populated.The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is an abundant chaperone in the cytosol of eukaryotes (1). Together with its cochaperones, it functions in the conformational control of many regulatory proteins (2–4). Kinases constitute the largest group of Hsp90 client proteins with more than 60% of the human kinases that depend on Hsp90 in terms of their activity (5, 6).Hsp90 forms V-shaped homodimers connected via a C-terminal domain. The middle domain (M-domain) is involved in client binding (7, 8), and the N-terminal domain binds ATP. Upon ATP binding, the N-terminal domains dimerize, leading to the closed state (9–13), whereas the open state is regained upon ATP-hydrolysis (14). Both conformation and ATPase activity are affected by interaction with a cohort of cochaperones (15). Given the large number and diversity of client proteins, cochaperones are believed to deliver specificity in this context.The Hsp90-mediated maturation of kinases is strictly dependent on the cochaperone Cdc37 (cell division control protein 37) (16, 17) and phosphorylation of this cofactor is important for its function (18, 19). Binding of Cdc37 to Hsp90 causes inhibition of the ATPase activity of Hsp90 and has therefore been proposed to facilitate client kinase loading onto the Hsp90 machinery (20).The viral Src kinase (v-Src) is one of the most stringent known Hsp90 clients (5, 21). v-Src belongs to the family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which play important roles in many cellular pathways. v-Src kinase is constitutively active and leads to the formation of sarcomas in chicken (22). It shows 98% sequence identity with its cellular counterpart c-Src (cellular Src kinase), the first identified protooncogene (23). Hsp90 binds to and stabilizes c-Src in its nascent state, but it dissociates after the kinase folding is achieved (24). Due to this complete loss of interaction, c-Src has been defined as a nonclient (5). Src consists of a unique domain followed by the SH3 and SH2 domains and a flexible linker, which connects the SH2 domain with the highly conserved kinase domain. c-Src contains an additional stretch at its C terminus that includes a tyrosine at the position 527, whose phosphorylation status regulates kinase activity (25, 26). In addition, v-Src differs from c-Src by several point mutations (27–30). Some of these were shown to increase c-Src activity in vivo and have been linked to cancer progression and metastasis in humans (31–33). Due to these differences, v-Src cannot be down-regulated and is permanently active, even in the absence of activating stimuli (26, 30). The analysis of proteins nearly identical in sequence but highly different in chaperone dependence offers an excellent model system for understanding the features that render a protein Hsp90-dependent. We used these kinases to reconstitute and dissect the chaperoning effect of Hsp90 on v-Src kinase in vitro. The analysis of chimeras comprising elements of c-Src and v-Src allowed us to determine the molecular basis of the stringent Hsp90 dependence of v-Src.