肺保护性通气在中老年脊柱俯卧位手术中的应用:随机对照试验

目的 肺保护性通气策略对中老年脊柱俯卧位手术人群呼吸循环的影响.方法 60例择期脊柱手术患者,随机分为常规通气对照组与肺保护性通气试验组,每组30例.对照组:VT:10 mL/kg(PBW),呼吸频率:10～12次/min;试验组:VT:6 mL/kg(PBW)+RMs+PEEP:5 cm H2O,呼吸频率:12～18次/min,每间隔30 min作1次RM.观察术前,入室后,改俯卧位前5 min,改俯卧位后30 min、lh、3h,术后第1天、第3天各相应时间点:心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),气道峰压(Ppeak),气道平台压(PPlat),动脉血气分析(PaO2/FiO2、SpO2、PaCO2)、白细胞计数(wBC),中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT％),血清C-反应蛋白(CRP),VAS疼痛评分,肺部并发症风险评分,临床肺部感染评分.结果 两组肺部并发症风险评分、HR、MAP、WBC、NEUT％、PaCO2组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,试验组在改俯卧位前5 min,改俯卧位后30 min、1h、3 h Ppeak和Pplat下降(P＜0.05),术后第1天氧合指数升高(P＜0.05),术后第1天、第3天CRP及临床肺部感染评分下降(P＜0.05).结论 肺保护性通气策略能够减少中老年脊柱俯卧位手术患者术中气压伤,降低肺部炎症反应,改善术后氧合功能,不会增加术中血液动力学不平稳事件及CO2储留的发生.     

改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气临床疗效及并发症的影响

目的观察改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气(PPV)临床疗效及并发症的影响。方法将该院呼吸和危重症医学科行PPV的52例患者随机分为对照组和实验组各26例,对照组应用常规方法进行PPV,实验组采用改良俯卧位进行PPV。比较两组患者PPV的临床效果和并发症发生情况。结果两组间俯卧位前和俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患者俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数均较各组俯卧位前明显改善(P<0.05);两组患者气管插管脱出、血流动力学显著波动、误吸和面部水肿的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);实验组皮肤压疮的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论改良俯卧位对PPV的临床疗效无显著影响,但可以降低皮肤压疮的发生率。     

斜卧体位与俯卧体位在微创经皮肾镜取石手术中的比较

目的: 比较斜卧位、俯卧位在微创经皮肾镜取石术中应用的安全性和疗效。方法: 2组上尿路结石患者共62例, 其中斜卧位27例, 俯卧位35例, 术前2组患者在年龄、性别、合并症等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),记录手术时间、出血量、围手术期并发症及术后住院天数等,并进行统计学分析。结果: 2组共62例手术均获成功,无穿刺失败和中转开放手术者。斜卧位组手术时间(85.1±25.3) min;术中出血量为(117.5±49.7) mL;未发生严重的并发症。俯卧位组手术时间为(97.2±30.6) min;术中出血量为(149.3±53.1) mL;术中发现气胸1例,术后发生大出血2例。2组病人在术中出血量、手术并发症及术后住院天数等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论: 改良斜卧位经皮肾镜取石术疗效与俯卧位相似, 但改良斜卧位手术患者较易耐受,且并发症少,安全性高,在临床上有良好的推广前景。     

俯卧位通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征治疗中的研究进展

俯卧位通气(prone position ventilation,PPV)是急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syn-drome,ARDS)肺保护性通气的有效治疗措施之一,具有改善氧合、减少呼吸机相关性肺损伤等优点,但由于临床医师对PPV认识不足及顾虑其并发症,目前在临床上并未得...     

Reducing the Human Burden of Breast Cancer: Advanced Radiation Therapy Yields Improved Treatment Outcomes

Radiation therapy is an important modality in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. While its efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer was known shortly after the discovery of x‐rays, significant advances in radiation delivery over the past 20 years have resulted in improved patient outcomes. With the development of improved systemic therapy, optimizing local control has become increasingly important and has been shown to improve survival. Better understanding of the magnitude of treatment benefit, as well as patient and biological factors that confer an increased recurrence risk, have allowed radiation oncologists to better tailor treatment decisions to individual patients. Furthermore, significant technological advances have occurred that have reduced the acute and long‐term toxicity of radiation treatment. These advances continue to reduce the human burden of breast cancer. It is important for radiation oncologists and nonradiation oncologists to understand these advances, so that patients are appropriately educated about the risks and benefits of this important treatment modality.     

Care of the eye during anaesthesia and intensive care

This article describes care of the eye through a period of potential vulnerability, during patient management under general anaesthesia and in the intensive care unit. Risk factors, mechanisms of injury, recognition and management of common and important eye injuries are covered, as well as good practice points and preventative measures pertinent to all anaesthetists and intensive care staff.     

DNA–histone complexes as ligands amplify cell penetration and nuclear targeting of anti‐DNA antibodies via energy‐independent mechanisms

We have generated three monoclonal cell‐penetrating antibodies (CPAbs) from a non‐immunized lupus‐prone (NZB × NZW)F₁ mouse that exhibited high anti‐DNA serum titres. These CPAbs are polyreactive because they bind to DNA and other cellular components, and localize mainly in the nucleus of HeLa cells, albeit with a distinct nuclear labelling profile. Herein, we have examined whether DNA–histone complexes (DHC) binding to CPAbs, before cell entry, could modify the cell penetration of CPAbs or their nuclear staining properties. By applying confocal microscopy and image analysis, we found that extracellular binding of purified CPAbs to DHC significantly enhanced their subsequent cell‐entry, both in terms of percentages of positively labelled cells and fluorescence intensity (internalized CPAb amount), whereas there was a variable effect on their nuclear staining profile. Internalization of CPAbs, either alone or bound to DHC, remained unaltered after the addition of endocytosis‐specific inhibitors at 37° or assay performance at 4°, suggesting the involvement of energy‐independent mechanisms in the internalization process. These findings assign to CPAbs a more complex pathogenetic role in systemic lupus erythematosus where both CPAbs and nuclear components are abundant.     

MicroRNA-195 downregulates Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β production by targeting BACE1

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Numerous microRNAs have been found to play crucial roles in regulating Aβ production in the process of AD. Previous investigations have reported lower levels of many microRNAs in AD patients and animal models. Here, we examined the role of miR-195 in the process of Aβ formation. Bioinformatics' algorithms predicted miR-195 binding sites within the beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), and we found the level of miR-195 to be negatively related to the protein level of BACE1 in SAMP8 mice. We confirmed the target site in HEK293 cells by luciferase assay. Overexpression of miR-195 in N2a/WT cells decreased the BACE1 protein level, and inhibition of miR-195 resulted in increase of BACE1 protein level. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-195 in N2a/APP decreased the level of Aβ, while inhibition of miR-195 resulted in an increase of Aβ. Thus, we demonstrated that miR-195 could downregulate the level of Aβ by inhibiting the translation of BACE1. We conclude that miR-195 might provide a therapeutic strategy for AD.