小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉用于肛肠病手术509例临床观察

为观察小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉对肛肠科常规手术患者的麻醉效果及术后不良反应,观察施行小剂量腰俞穴麻醉成功后的509例肛肠病患者在行局部麻醉时的疼痛程度、麻醉完成后术中的疼痛程度,并分别进行评分。术中观察患者是否存在麻醉不良反应,术后观察患者发生尿潴留的情况。结果显示,509例患者在施行腰俞穴加局部麻醉过程中均达到了基本无痛,整个手术中完全无痛。21例患者行腰俞穴麻醉后出现轻微头晕,均未出现其他麻醉不良反应。术后有24例出现尿潴留,发生率为4．7％。结果表明,小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉既无单纯局部麻醉的疼痛,又无神经阻滞麻醉的不良反应,术后尿潴留发生率低,适于在肛肠科常规手术中应用。     

PCOS患者亚临床甲状腺功能减退与代谢异常的相关性研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者亚临床甲状腺功能减退(SCH)与内分泌代谢异常的相关性。方法回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年12月在东昌府人民医院就诊的PCOS患者65例,另选取同期就诊的身体健康、月经周期和妇科B超正常的不孕症女性115例作为对照组。按促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,PCOS患者分为A组(TSH2.5 mIU/L),B组(2.5 mIU/L≤TSH4 mIU/L),C组(TSH4.0 mIU/L),比较各组内分泌代谢特征的差异。结果PCOS组体重指数(BMI)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、黄体生成素(LH)、LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)及2.5 mIU/L≤TSH4 mIU/L发病率均高于对照组(P0.05),TSH4 mIU/L发病率增高(P0.05)。PCOS组内比较:随着TSH升高,糖类代谢指标均升高(P0.05);C组TSH、胰岛素抵抗β细胞功能指数高于A、B两组(P0.05);B组的FSH比A组略有升高(P0.05)。结论 PCOS患者更容易出现肥胖和代谢异常,TSH4 m IU/L组PCOS患者代谢异常更加明显,可以作为诊断PCOS患者SCH的截点。     

头皮埋针联合耳穴压籽治疗脑卒中后认知障碍40例

目的 观察头皮埋针联合耳穴压籽治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍（post- stroke cognitive impairment,PSCI）的临床疗效。方法 将80例脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者按照随机数字表法分组成对照组、治疗组,每组40例。对照组予尼莫地平片、吡拉西坦片治疗,治疗组在对照组疗法基础上予头皮埋针联合耳穴压籽治疗,共治疗4周。〖JP2〗治疗前后和随访时分别采用简易精神状态检查量表(mini- mental state evaluation, MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA)和Barthel指数（Barthel index,BI）评估患者的认知功能。结果 治疗4周后及随访时,两组患者MMSE、MoCA、BI评分均显著升高（P<0.05）。治疗后4周和随访时,治疗组患者MMSE、MoCA评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而两组患者BI评分的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 头皮埋针联合耳穴压籽可以明显改善PSCI患者的认知功能。     

Image distortion correction in EPI: comparison of field mapping with point spread function mapping.

Echo-planar imaging (EPI) can provide rapid imaging by acquiring a complete k-space data set in a single acquisition. However, this approach suffers from distortion effects in geometry and intensity, resulting in poor image quality. The distortions, caused primarily by field inhomogeneities, lead to intensity loss and voxel shifts, the latter of which are particularly severe in the phase-encode direction. Two promising approaches to correct the distortion in EPI are field mapping and point spread function (PSF) mapping. The field mapping method measures the field distortions and translates these into voxel shifts, which can be used to assign image intensities to the correct voxel locations. The PSF approach uses acquisitions with additional phase-encoding gradients applied in the x, y, and/or z directions to map the 1D, 2D, or 3D PSF of each voxel. These PSFs encode the spatial information about the distortion and the overall distribution of intensities from a single voxel. The measured image is the convolution of the undistorted density and the PSF. Measuring the PSF allows the distortion in geometry and intensity to be corrected. This work compares the efficacy of these methods with equal time allowed for field mapping and PSF mapping.     

A new analytical cut-off point for determining 18 years of age using MRI on medial clavicular epiphysis

Evaluation of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis plays a key role in forensic age estimation. The purpose of the present study was to assess a new numerical cut-off at the age of 18 years, taking into consideration Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the medial clavicular epiphysis. We analyzed 163 MR scans of Italian subjects aged between 14 and 25 years. Using the data obtained we calculated two ratios: REM-1 (ratio between the length of the whole epiphysis and the length of the metaphysis) and REM-2 (ratio between the length of epiphyseal-metaphyseal fusion and the length of the metaphysis). In 68 out of 163 cases it was not possible to measure REM-2. The reproducibility was demonstrated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.80). REM-1 and REM-2 were compared in each category of age (adult and minor) by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The cut-off points for measurements of REM-1 and REM-2 were determined by logistic regression. For REM-1, the cut-off scores were 0.83 for all individuals (accuracy = 94.77%) and males (accuracy = 96.05%), and 0.86 for females (accuracy = 92.30%). For REM-2, the cut-off values were 0.40 for all individuals and males (accuracy = 100.00%), and 0.41 for females (accuracy = 100.00%). Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for age classification based on REM-1 and REM-2 were constructed, showing that REM-2 had the highest discriminative power. Thus, a new cut-off model for predicting the age of majority has been introduced, conducting a quantitative analysis thanks to the use of a high-resolution imaging tool.     

Cervical pedicle screw insertion using a gutter entry point at the transitional area between the lateral mass and lamina

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to describe a free-hand pedicle screw insertion technique and to evaluate the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and validity of pedicle screw fixation in patients with subaxial cervical spine injuries.     

腔镜下交通静脉离断术治疗严重下肢静脉曲张研究

目的探讨腔镜下交通静脉离断术治疗严重下肢静脉曲张的效果。方法将2010-05—2011-05收治的39例严重下肢静脉曲张患者(47条患肢)随机分成3组,每组各13例。A组施行传统高位结扎主干剥除、曲张静脉点式剥除术;B组实施筋膜下交通支离断术(SEPS)+传统手术;C组实施腔镜筋膜外交通支离断术(ELPS)+传统手术。比较3种手术方法术后疼痛时间、下地时间、溃疡愈合及色素沉着好转时间。结果 47条患肢经手术治疗后肢体症状及浅静脉曲张消失、溃疡愈合、色素沉着好转,3组患者住院时间、术后并发症、严重皮肤改变恢复时间等方面等差异有统计学意义,2种腔镜手术组均优于单纯传统手术组(P<0.05),证明腔镜手术组明显好于传统手术组,随访6～18个月,各组均未出现新生溃疡及浅静脉曲张复发。结论腔镜深筋膜下及筋膜外交通静脉离断术是治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的重要手术方式,安全有效、损伤少、并发症少,优于传统手术。     

<Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET for the lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer in a tuberculosis-endemic country: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Is dual time point imaging worth the effort?</Emphasis>

PURPOSE: This study was to compare (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) with thoracic contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in the ability of lymph node (LN) staging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a tuberculosis-prevalent country. The usefulness of dual time point PET imaging (DTPI) in NSCLC nodal staging was also evaluated. METHODS: We reviewed 96 NSCLC patients (mean age, 65.3 +/- 11.7 years) who had received PET studies before their surgery. DTPI were performed on 37 patients (mean age, 64.8 +/- 12.2 years) who received an additional scan of thorax 3 h after tracer injection. The accuracies of nodal staging by CECT and PET were evaluated according to final histopathology of hilar and mediastinal LN resected by surgery. RESULTS: The accuracy for nodal staging by CECT was 65.6% and that by PET was 82.3% (p < 0.05). Six patients were over-staged and 11 were under-staged by PET. Tuberculosis (n = 3, 50%) were mostly responsible for false-positive, while small tumor foci (n = 7, 63.6%) were mostly accountable for false-negative. For the 37 patients with DTPI, 45 min standardized uptake value (SUV) and 3 h SUV for negative LNs are significantly lower than those for positive LNs (p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the retention index (RI) showed no significant difference between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that PET is more accurate than CECT in LN staging NSCLC patients in Taiwan where TB is still prevalent. Semi-quantitative SUV method or DTPI with RI does not result in better diagnostic accuracy than visual analysis of PET images.     

亚麻籽胶的胶凝性质

采用流变学法测定了亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点、熔化点，并采用质构仪、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜等手段研究了影响亚麻籽胶凝胶强度的因素，结果表明亚麻籽胶具有胶凝性，它能形成一种热可逆的冷致凝胶，亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点低于其凝胶的熔化点，且亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点及其凝胶的熔化点均随冷却的起始温度的升高而升高。亚麻籽胶浓度、溶解温度、pH、NaCl、CaCl2及复合磷酸盐能影响亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度随着浓度的增加及溶解温度的升高而增强；在pH6～9的范围内，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度达到最大；NaCl和复合磷酸盐可以降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，低浓度（〈0．3％）的CaCl2可以增强亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，而高质量分数（〉0．3％）的CaCl2能降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度。