Effect of Locus Coeruleus Stimulation on Ocular Hypertension and Pathology of Pulmonary Surfactant during Chronic Emotional Stress

In chronic experiments on rabbits and rats, parameters of eye homeostasis (intraocular pressure and ocular hydrodynamics) and lungs (water balance and surface-active properties of surfactant) were studied during electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus against the background of chronic stress induced in rabbits by repeated electrical stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus and in rats by daily immobilization on a platform. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus eliminated ocular hypertension of hypothalamic origin and stress-induced disturbances in surface activity, blood volume, and water balance in the lungs.     

Photoreceptor differentiation of retinoblastoma: An electron microscopic study of 29 retinoblastomas

Retinoblastomas exhibit a unique form of differentiation to produce cell elements similar to those seen in a photoreceptor cell. An ultrastructural study was performed on 29 cases of retinoblastoma to further clarify the cytologic characteristics of the tumor cells. The age of the retinoblastomas averaged 17.1 months and the tumor cells showing photo-receptor differentiation were demonstrated in 10 cases (35%). The findings were especially notable in retinoblastomas with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette formation (seven cases, 28%). Similar photoreceptor differentiation was also evident in solid cell clusters without rosette formation (four cases, 14%). The presence of photoreceptor elements was assumed to be significantly frequent both in Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and in the solid cell clusters. The cell cytoplasm also showed proliferation of long mitochondria and microtubules, reflecting photoreceptor differentiation. The hereditary-type retinoblastoma showed more advanced cell differentiation than the non-hereditary type. Photoreceptor differentiated retinoblastoma showed rather indolent growth compared with the undifferentiated type, and the former can expect a curative treatment by operation. These observations provide additional findings of the biological nature of retinoblastomas.     

Congenital lens coloboma and associated pathologies

Coloboma of the lens is characterized by notching of the equator of the lens. The cause of the condition is faulty development of the zonule. The lens deprived of its normal pull in the defective region is thicker and more spherical as if there were no loss of its substance. We report five cases of lens coloboma and localized zonular defect without any associated systemic anomalies. One case included retinal detachment; another included an iris coloboma; and a third included iris, choroid and optic disk colobomas and retinal detachment with lens coloboma. The remaining two cases were without associated ocular anomalies. The pathogenic mechanisms and relationship of this defect with the differentiation of the tertiary vitreous and development of the zonule is discussed. The defect most likely occurs in the third to fourth months of gestation during differentiation of the tertiary vitreous in response to toxic, inflammatory or genetic factors.     

外伤性白内障人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的 评价外伤性白内障人工晶体植入的疗效及问题。方法 对56例外伤性白内障人工晶体植入术后进行回顾性研究。结果 术后矫正视力≥0.5者48眼,占85.7%;0.1-0.4者6眼,占10.7%;0.1以下者2眼,占3.6%。结论 利用显微手术方法,使用粘弹剂,控制眼内炎症,选择好手术时机,可使手术效果满意。     

并有瞳孔闭锁的白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术

目的：评价并有瞳孔闭锁的白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术的治疗效果。方法：为严重红膜后粘连、瞳孔闭锁白内障１４例行虹膜后分离,晶状体摘除并行人工晶体植入术,术前术后适量应用激素。结果：１４例中陈旧性虹膜炎６例,眼外伤５例,糖尿病性３例,术后视力均有不同程度的提高,术后视力达０．１～０．３６例,０．４～０．６７例,０．７以上１例。结论：并有虹膜后粘连的白内障应施行手术治疗,并可植入人工晶体,术后效果可靠。     

Experimental observation of living cells on the surface of intraocular lenses

目的 :对比观察后房型人工晶状体植入术后晶状体表面细胞染色前后的数量、形态。方法 :2 0只兔行后房型人工晶状体植入术。分别于术后 1 ,3,7,1 4和 2 8d分组取出人工晶状体放入1 640细胞培养液于倒置显微镜下观察。结果 :术后 1～ 2 8d人工晶状体表面有细胞粘附 ,染色后细胞形态失去立体外观 ,体积小 ,细胞数量较染色前明显减少。结论 :人工晶状体表面细胞在染色过程中有部分脱落。脱落的细胞数量可以计数比较 ,但细胞类型无法确定。因此需寻找更精确可靠的仪器及方法 ,以免造成实验误差。     

半导体红外线激光经巩膜行睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼临 …

目的：观察８１０ｎｍ半导体红外线激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术（ｔｒａｎｓｃｈｅｒａ ｃｉｌｉａｒｙ ｐｈｏｔｏｃｏａｇｎｌａｔｉｏｎ ＴＳＣＰＣ）治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果。方法：应用法国ＢＩＶ公司生产的８１０ｎｍ半导体红外线激光仪,经光纤将能量传输到激光头,在距角膜缘后１．２～１．５ｍｍ,紧贴眼球壁,使激光头与视轴平行,设置激光能量１．８～２．２Ｗ,时间２～３ｓ,发射激光后听到眼内“爆破声”作为治疗能     

白内障超声乳化术及手术配合23例

目的 :介绍超声乳化术治疗早期白内障的优越性及巡回护士在手术过程中的配合要点。方法 :对 2 3例 2 5只眼的手术临床资料作回顾性分析。结果 :术后一周视力≥ 0 .5者 2 2例 ,0 .3以下者 3例。影响视力主要是术前诊断有弱视、陈旧性虹膜炎等症。结论 :使用超声乳化仪治疗早期白内障手术简便、安全、可靠 ,并需巡回护士在手术中的密切配合     

新生血管性青光眼视乳头筛板结构的研究

采用正常死者眼球和新生血管性青光眼的筛板组织, 研究高眼压对视乳头筛板和结缔组织的作用． 正常眼球１２ 只, 新生血管性青光眼眼球１２ 只, 摘除眼球后用１０ ％ 福尔马林溶液固定, 切取视乳头组织约２ ｍ ｍ ×２ ｍｍ , 石蜡包埋, 苏木素－ 伊红染色, 免疫细胞化学 Ａ Ｂ Ｃ 法染色． 结果： 正常人筛板的横纵切面具有特定形态, 新生血管性青光眼筛板孔板变形, 筛孔周围结缔组织断裂, 丧失了筛板结构． 结果表明：高眼压下筛孔板和结缔组织的改变, 造成对筛板孔神经纤维的挤压, 阻滞了神经纤维轴浆的运输, 导致神经纤维功能上的损害和相应的视野缺损．     

带状疱疹神经痛77例临床分析

目的　探讨带状疱疹神经痛的临床特点。方法　分析７７ 例带状疱疹患者神经痛与疱疹关系,症候定位,误诊 原因及治疗转归。结果　神经痛与水疱疹是带状疱疹主要临床表现,以单节段神经节受累为主,多个神经节受累１４ 例（１８２ ％ ） , Ｈｕｎｔ 综合征１１ 例（１４３ ％ ） ;神经痛先于疱疹出现组４０ 例（５２０ ％ ） ,其中２６ 例误诊（６５０ ％ ） ,和神经痛与疱疹同时出 现组比较有极显著差异（ Ｐ ＜ ００１） ,老年人较中青年人更易误诊（ Ｐ ＜ ００５） ,疱疹落痂后遗神经痛２４ 例（３１２ ％ ） ,止痛 与抗病毒治疗有效。结论　 了解神经痛与疱疹呈节段性分布的临床特点,有助于带状疱疹的早期临床诊断与治疗,有利于疾病转归。