角膜塑形镜控制中小学生近视有效性和安全性Meta分析

目的 系统评价角膜塑形镜对中小学生轻中度近视延缓的有效性和安全性。方法 检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、WanFang Data和VIP等数据库,语言限定为中英文。采用Cochrane手册提供的偏倚风险评价工具和改良JADAD评分量表评价纳入文献质量;采用漏斗图检测纳入文献的发表偏倚;采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 共有12篇文献符合纳入排除标准,包含1 908例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示: 佩戴角膜塑形镜后,裸眼视力有所提高[1年:MD=0.40,95%CI(0.05～0.74),P=0.02];角膜曲率有所下降[1年:MD=-3.21,95%CI=(-3.64～-2.79),P＜0.01];屈光度增长得到了有效控制[1年:MD=-3.19,95%CI=(-4.42～-1.95),P＜0.01;2年:MD=-3.61,95%CI=(-5.78～-1.43),P＜0.01];眼轴增长有所控制[1年:MD=-0.73,95%CI=(-1.43～-0.03),P=0.04;2年:MD=-1.15,95%CI=(-2.25～-0.06),P=0.04];眼轴变化量有所下降[1年:MD=-0.42,95%CI=(-0.64～-0.21),P＜0.01;2年:MD=-0.53,95%CI=(-0.96～-0.11),P=0.01]。结论 角膜塑形镜能够延缓中小学生轻中度近视的进展,且较为安全。     

高原地区白内障超声乳化手术治疗探讨

目的　探讨高原地区白内障超声乳化手术治疗经验及后房型人工晶体的植入。方法　白内障患者10 6例。晶体核硬度Ⅰ级 8例 ,Ⅱ级 12例 ,Ⅲ级 4 1例 ,Ⅳ级 4 5例。巩膜隧道切口 ,晶体原位超声乳化 ,超声能量 30 %～ 70 % ,时间 0 5～ 7min(平均 3min2 0s) ,植入PMMA ,Type 5C型人工晶体 ,直径 5 5mm。结果　术后 1周内 ,裸眼视力≥ 0 5者为 5 1 89% ,≥ 0 2者为 88 68% ,全部视力均有所提高。主要并发症为虹膜损伤、角膜内皮水肿、后囊破裂。结论　超声乳化技术及小切口、一体型人工晶体后房植入适用于高原地区由于缺氧、紫外线照射过强形成的特殊类型白内障 ,可广泛推广使用     

儿童白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的临床分析

目的：评价儿童白内障摘除人工晶体植入术后的临床疗效。讨论儿童白内障手术治疗的时机、方式、屈光度的选择和术后处理。方法：23例34只眼施行后房型人工晶体植入术,其中26只眼为先天性白内障,8只眼为外伤性白内障。结果：术后矫正视力满意。但术后葡萄膜反应及后囊膜混法严重。结论：儿童白内障摘除后植入人工晶体是恢复视力的最好方法。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入的疗效

目的 :评价高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法 :对眼轴 >2 6mm的 38例、5 2眼高度近视并发白内障患者 (Ⅰ级核 5眼 ,Ⅱ级核 2 1眼 ,Ⅲ级核 2 6眼 )行超声乳化及人工晶体植入术。患者平均 5 7 4岁 (5 2～ 73岁 ) ,平均眼轴长度 2 7 2± 1 5 6mm(2 6 1～ 2 9 2mm) ,平均人工晶体屈光度 (8 2 3±4 76 )D( 2～ 15 )D。结果 :术后 1周裸眼及矫正视力≥ 0 3者 38眼 (73 1% )。并发症主要包括后囊膜破裂 2眼 (3 85 % ) ,轻度角膜水肿 7眼 (13 5 % )。术后视力差的主要原因是高度近视视网膜病变。结论 :超声乳化及人工晶体植入术是高度近视并发白内障患者的理想术式 ,术者操作技巧是手术成功的关键     

Expression of P53 during lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by ultraviolet

Cataract is a disease induced by multi- factorsand its pathologic mechanism isstill unknown.Ithasbeen accepted that ultraviolet irradiation ( UVR) isone of the most important pathogenesis.Li etal hasreported that UVR could induce the apoptosis of lensepithelial cells( LECs) and resulted in lens opacities.In order to study the pathologic mechanism of UVR-induced cataract at molecular and cellular levels,weinvestigated the apoptosisof LECs and the expressionof P5 3.1　 MATERIALSAND M…     

高速线扫描OCT的可行性与光学成像特性的研究

光学相干层析成像（0cT）是一种迅速发展的非侵入式、高分辨率医学层析成像技术。由于传统时域点扫描方式的OCT系统的成像速度慢，难以用于活体的实时成像。介绍了基于线扫描方式的时域OCT系统，这种扫描方式可以无需横向扫描直接得到二维层析图像。为验证基于线扫描方式的时域OCT系统的可行性及得到其设计基本参数，借助Zemax光学设计软件模拟该系统的干涉效果，分析线扫描时域OCT的成像特性。研究表明，这种线扫描OCT在3mm的横向扫描宽度时，可以比传统点扫描方式快二百余倍。     

Effect of Locus Coeruleus Stimulation on Ocular Hypertension and Pathology of Pulmonary Surfactant during Chronic Emotional Stress

In chronic experiments on rabbits and rats, parameters of eye homeostasis (intraocular pressure and ocular hydrodynamics) and lungs (water balance and surface-active properties of surfactant) were studied during electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus against the background of chronic stress induced in rabbits by repeated electrical stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus and in rats by daily immobilization on a platform. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus eliminated ocular hypertension of hypothalamic origin and stress-induced disturbances in surface activity, blood volume, and water balance in the lungs.     

Photoreceptor differentiation of retinoblastoma: An electron microscopic study of 29 retinoblastomas

Retinoblastomas exhibit a unique form of differentiation to produce cell elements similar to those seen in a photoreceptor cell. An ultrastructural study was performed on 29 cases of retinoblastoma to further clarify the cytologic characteristics of the tumor cells. The age of the retinoblastomas averaged 17.1 months and the tumor cells showing photo-receptor differentiation were demonstrated in 10 cases (35%). The findings were especially notable in retinoblastomas with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette formation (seven cases, 28%). Similar photoreceptor differentiation was also evident in solid cell clusters without rosette formation (four cases, 14%). The presence of photoreceptor elements was assumed to be significantly frequent both in Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and in the solid cell clusters. The cell cytoplasm also showed proliferation of long mitochondria and microtubules, reflecting photoreceptor differentiation. The hereditary-type retinoblastoma showed more advanced cell differentiation than the non-hereditary type. Photoreceptor differentiated retinoblastoma showed rather indolent growth compared with the undifferentiated type, and the former can expect a curative treatment by operation. These observations provide additional findings of the biological nature of retinoblastomas.     

Congenital lens coloboma and associated pathologies

Coloboma of the lens is characterized by notching of the equator of the lens. The cause of the condition is faulty development of the zonule. The lens deprived of its normal pull in the defective region is thicker and more spherical as if there were no loss of its substance. We report five cases of lens coloboma and localized zonular defect without any associated systemic anomalies. One case included retinal detachment; another included an iris coloboma; and a third included iris, choroid and optic disk colobomas and retinal detachment with lens coloboma. The remaining two cases were without associated ocular anomalies. The pathogenic mechanisms and relationship of this defect with the differentiation of the tertiary vitreous and development of the zonule is discussed. The defect most likely occurs in the third to fourth months of gestation during differentiation of the tertiary vitreous in response to toxic, inflammatory or genetic factors.