Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry,Part II: Applications – real and demonstrated

In Part I of this review series, an overview was presented on what the basic properties of supercritical fluids are and how they can, and are being used in many of today's industries as solvents for extraction, chromatography and reaction. A good part of this overview detailed the kinds of equipment needed, and techniques on how to use them for optimal performance. Part II of this series will delve into specific applications of supercritical fluid technology as it relates to aspects of medical isotope processing. The reader will note that very few applications of this technology to Nuclear Medicine have been published. Many potential applications cited within the context of this review derive from preliminary studies carried out in the author's laboratory. These examples are presented to spark interest in future developments of this nature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

抗晶状体蛋白的特异性抗体免疫示踪研究

目的：了解针对晶状体组织的特异性抗体到达眼前节的途经、部位及其对晶状体生理功能的影响。方法：采用荧光标记抗体，观察被动免疫动物眼前节组织中荧光反应的变化，测定晶状体调节力和进行眼前节裂隙灯检查。结果：特异性抗体(IgG)首先到达睫状体部，而后出现在晶状体囊膜、虹膜和角膜内皮上；眼前节抗体含量峰值与裂隙灯观察的房闪、即同时出现；晶状体上皮细胞的损伤与晶状体的调节力下降则出现于转移免疫后2w。结论：针对晶状体组织抗原的特异性抗体可通过体循环先到达睫状体部，然后随房水而作用于晶状体上皮细胞。     

Guided bone regeneration for immediate non‐submerged implant placement using bioabsorbable materials in Beagle dogs

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined application of different bioabsorbable materials for healing of residual peri‐implant defects after placement of non‐submerged implants into fresh extraction sockets. Second and third mandibular premolars were extracted from 10 Beagle dogs, the coronal part of the distal sockets were surgically enlarged and this was followed by immediate placement of specially designed hollow‐screw non‐submerged dental implants. For each animal, the coronal peri‐implant defects were further treated with one of the 4 following procedures: 1) no treatment, control site: 2) grafting with porous hydroxyapatite (HA); 3) collagen membrane tightly secured around the implant and over the defect and 4) grafting with HA covered with a collagen membrane. After 16 weeks of healing, specimens were removed from the mandibule and prepared for a histomorphometric evaluation. The bone-to-implant contact length (BIC) was measured and compared amongst the different treatment modalities. In the defect area, the irregular bone regeneration was similar between all the treatment procedures ( P >0.10). In the sites covered with a collagen membrane alone, the total BIC (47%) was greater than in control sites (28.7%. P <0.05) or sites grafted with HA (22.2%, P <0.02). Total BIC in sites treated with the HA‐membrane combination (43%) was only significantly different from sites treated with HA ( P <0.10). It is concluded that the use of bioabsorbable materials results in a limited increase of osseointegration when used in conjunction with immediate placement of non-submerged implants, although the principle of the one stage surgical approach can be maintained.     

眼内异物合并外伤性白内障的联合手术治疗：附88例分析

眼内异物合并外伤性白内障是眼外伤常见的致盲原因之一,各地报告的致盲率为20%～48.9%。本文对88例眼内异物合并外伤性白内障患者采用联合手术治疗,收到较好疗效,术前视力0.05以下占85.2%,术后矫正视力0.05以下占27.3%,矫正视力0.06～1.5占73.7%,其中矫正视力0.6～1.5者占22.8%。根据异物的性质、在眼内部位和晶体损伤情况选择不同的手术方式一次联合手术摘出异物和白内障,术后采用中西药配合治疗。联合手术可提高疗效,减少术后并发症.减少手术次数,减轻病人的痛苦,缩短病程,减少医疗费用.眼科学报1993;9:216—218.     

The effectiveness of sub-Tenon's infiltration of local anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Purpose: To determine if adequate anaesthesia and akinesia could be obtained using an inferonasal quadrant sub-Tenons anaesthesia for cataract surgery.
Methods: The sub-Tenons method of local anaesthesia was used in 50 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation. The technique followed was that described by JD Stevens in his study of 50 patients. Posterior sub-Tenons space was approached through a conjunctival incision in the inferonasal quadrant and the anaesthetic solution delivered by an irrigating cannula. The patients were assessed for residual ocular movements just before surgery. Effectiveness of anaesthesia was assessed during surgery using a verbal pain rating score. Scoring was based on the concept of a visual analogue pain score chart.
Results: Total akinesia was obtained in 20% patients and total anaesthesia in 24% patients. The remainder of the patients had adequate akinesia and anaesthesia to proceed with and complete the surgery.
Conclusion: This method provides satisfactory anaesthesia for cataract surgery.     

The behaviorally active peptide ACTH 4-10: Measurement in plasma and pharmacokinetics in man

Summary A specific radioimmunoassay for the quantitative measurement of ACTH 4-10 and a procedure for its extraction from plasma have been developed.Its pharmacokinetics was studied in eight healthy male volunteers given ACTH 4-10 125 µg/kg body weight as a bolus i.v. injection, by infusion and intranasally. Following the i.v. bolus, plasma levels rapidly declined biexponentially, with half-lives of 0.39±0.05 min for the -phase and 3.84 ± 1.5 min for the -phase (mean±SD). The constant rate i.v. infusion yielded steady-state levels between 0.74 and 5.06 ng/ml plasma. Administered as intranasal spray, absorption of intact ACTH 4-10 was low and variable (maximal bioavailability 7.6%).The results are discussed in relation to the dose-dependent effects of ACTH 4-10 on the auditory evoked potential.     

Determination of a buspirone metabolite in plasma samples

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the assay of the active metabolite [1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazinel of buspirone, an anxiolytic agent, in rat plasma.

The method is based on the use of ion-pair HPLC coupled to a liquid—solid extraction scheme. Samples of rat plasma (2 ml) with internal standard (1-phenylpiperazine), adjusted to pH 10.5 with borate buffer, were loaded on to a preactivated C-18 cartridge. The metabolite and the internal standard were eluted with 5 ml of methanol and injected on to a reversed-phase 10-μm Spherisorb ODS-2 column. The column was eluted with a mobile phase of 0.005 M sodium lauryl sulphate in citrate buffer (pH 3.6)-acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) at 2 ml min⁻¹. Detection was carried out at 248 nm. The recovery of the metabolite was 55%. The method was applied to the determination of the metabolite in rat plasma after oral dosing (25 mg kg⁻¹) of the parent compound.     

白内障伴青光眼患者术后胰岛素抵抗及炎症因子水平与视觉质量的关系

目的分析白内障伴青光眼患者术后胰岛素抵抗及炎症因子水平变化与视觉质量的关系。 方法选取47例(47眼)白内障伴青光眼患者为研究对象,均接受超声乳化+小梁切除术治疗。术前、术后7天、术后3个月检测患者客观散射指数(OSI)、点扩散函数(PSF)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cutoff)、胰岛素敏感指数及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-10、IL-2水平。采用Pearson法分析视觉质量参数与胰岛素抵抗情况及炎症因子的相关性。 结果与术前比较,术后7天和术后3个月最佳校正视力、MTF cutoff及胰岛素敏感指数升高,且术后3个月更高(P＜0.05);与术前比较,术后7天和术后3个月眼压、角膜内皮细胞计数、PSF、OSI及血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-10水平降低,且术后3个月更低(P＜0.05)。Pearson分析显示,术前、术后7天和术后3个月,白内障伴青光眼患者OSI与胰岛素敏感指数呈负相关(P＜0.05),与血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-10水平呈正相关(P＜0.05);MTF cutoff与胰岛素敏感指数呈正相关(P＜0.05),与血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-10水平呈负相关(P＜0.05);PSF与血清IL-1β水平呈负相关(P＜0.05)。术后7天和3个月,PSF与胰岛素敏感指数呈正相关(P＜0.05),与血清IL-2、IL-10水平呈负相关(P＜0.05)。 结论超声乳化联合小梁切除术对视觉质量的改善可能与胰岛素抵抗及炎症因子变化密切相关。