Reasons for delay in cataract surgery in patients with advanced cataracts during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose:To analyze the reasons for delay in cataract surgery in patients with advanced cataracts during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:This was a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter questionnaire study which included patients with mature cataract, nuclear sclerotic cataract grade IV, and cataracts with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <5/60, during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2020 to April 2021. Reasons for delay in presentation to the hospital were analyzed.Results:One thousand four hundred seventy two patients were recruited with advanced cataracts. Absence of ophthalmic care nearby (44.2%), lack of awareness regarding elective surgeries (42.6%), lack of public transportation (37%), fear of contracting COVID-19 (23.4%), and waiting for outreach camps (20.4%) were found to be the reasons behind the delay in cataract surgery. 53.7% of the patients had worsening of defective vision and 55.3% of them had difficulty in carrying out activities of family living. 30.8% of the patients faced difficulty in commuting and 8.4% of the patients suffered a fall during this pandemic due to worsening of the visual acuity.Conclusion:The lockdown imposed during the pandemic has created a significant backlog of patients who are progressing to advanced cataracts due to lack of ophthalmic care nearby, lack of awareness regarding elective surgeries, lack of public transportation, and no outreach camps. Proactive measures to deal with this backlog are of utmost need to prevent blindness due to cataract.     

Surgical approaches to correct corneal astigmatism at time of cataract surgery: a mini-review

Among refractive errors, astigmatism is the most common optical aberration, where refraction changes in different meridians of the eye. It causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal, lenticular, and retinal astigmatism. Cataract surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism, for example, a large size surgery incision. The development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of surgery. Nowadays, three surgical approaches can be used. By placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea, a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be corrected. Single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism correction. PCRIs are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism, if more than 2.0 D, the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is increased. When toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are unavailable in markets, PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal astigmatism. Toric IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal astigmatism. Several IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 D. These approaches can be used alone or in combination.     

背景音乐下白内障手术中心率血压的观察

目的 探讨背景音乐对白内障手术病人术中心率、血压的影响.方法 收集2005年9月～2006年1月我院收治的白内障病人100例,其中单日手术50例(术中应用背景音乐)为音乐组,双日手术50例(术中常规护理)为对照组,观察术前和术中心率、血压的变化.结果 在手术过程中,音乐组心率、血压变化幅度较小,较对照组稳定.两组术前心率、血压比较差异无统计学意义(P》0.05);术中心率、血压比较有显著性差异(P《0.05).结论 音乐作为一种辅助治疗手段,能使病人情绪平静,心率、血压平稳,提高手术的安全性.     

不同程度近视患者行SMILE术后的有效光学区及角膜高阶像差比较

目的：比较低、中、高度近视患者行飞秒激光小切口基质透镜取出术(SMILE)后的有效光学区和角膜高阶像差。

方法：收集2019-02/2021-02在我院行SMILE手术的患者134例,均取右眼入组,按等效球镜度(SE)分为低度近视组SE>-3.00 D,中度近视组-6.00 D结果：SMILE术后1 mo,三组术后有效光学区均小于预设光学区,随着屈光度数增加,有效光学区越小(P<0.05); 术后1 mo角膜总高阶像差、球差、彗差均高于术前,除低近视度组球差术前与术后1 mo无差异(P>0.05),其余组别均有差异(P<0.05); 角膜总高阶像差、球差和彗差随着屈光度数增加而增加,三组角膜总高阶像差和球差有差异(均P<0.05),高度近视组与中度近视组、低度近视组彗差结果均有差异(P<0.05),中度近视组与低度近视组彗差结果无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：随着手术矫正的屈光度数增加,术后有效光学区减少越多,角膜高阶像差增加越明显; SMILE术后1 mo角膜高阶像差较术前增加。     

术前HbA1c水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊的影响及阈值效应分析

目的：分析术前糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊(PCO)的预测价值及阈值效应。

方法：回顾性研究。收集2018-09/2020-09于本院就诊的糖尿病合并白内障患者106例106眼,根据患者术后36 mo是否发生PCO分为PCO组52例52眼和非PCO组54例54眼。分析患者术后发生PCO的影响因素。对患者术前HbA1c水平与患者术后发生PCO的发生情况进行阈值效应分析。采用受试工作者特征(ROC)曲线评估术前HbA1c水平对患者术后发生PCO的预测价值。构建预测模型,采用Bootstrap重采样对预测模型进行验证,并对模型的区分度和准确度进行评价。

结果：两组患者糖尿病病程、有无糖尿病视网膜病变、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级均有差异(P<0.05)。糖尿病病程≥12 a、有DR、空腹血糖≥8 mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖≥12 mmol/L、术前HbA1c≥7%、眼轴长度≥30 mm、核硬度分级Ⅲ级及以上均为影响患者术后发生PCO的因素(P<0.05)。曲线拟合发现随着HbA1c水平的升高,糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的概率呈现上升趋势。阈值效应分析发现,当HbA1c≥7%时,术后PCO的发生率随着HbA1c水平的增加而升高。敏感性分析显示E值=2.129。术前HbA1c与糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO程度的关联效应分析结果显示,调整后术前HbA1c水平是糖尿病患者术后发生PCO不同程度混浊的影响因素,存在独立相关性(OR=1.65,95% CI：1.42-1.76,P=0.021)。当预测模型P=0.6时,模型预测准确度为88.51%,敏感度和特异度分别为86.33%和86.82%,表示糖尿病白内障患者出现PCO的结局。

结论：糖尿病病程、有DR、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级是影响糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的因素,且术前HbA1c可作为评估患者术后发生PCO的敏感指标。     

心理暗示干预在老年人牙拔除术中的应用

目的：探讨心理暗示干预在老年人牙拔除术中的应用价值。方法：将老年人拔牙患者118例随机分为心理暗示组及对照组各59例。心理暗示组在拔牙术前采用心理暗示干预的方法,对照组未给予任何暗示,按照沉稳型、张乱型及混合型三个等级统计数据,进行对比研究。结果：心理暗示组的沉稳型率显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,张乱型率显著低于对照组（P〉0.05）。结论：心理暗示干预应用于老年人牙拔除术时,可明显降低患者的畏惧程度,缩短手术时间,确保手术的顺利进行,有一定的应用价值。     

响应面法优化黄芩中黄芩苷闪式提取工艺

目的:利用响应面分析方法优化黄芩苷闪式提取工艺条件.方法:以HPLC测定黄芩苷含量,以黄芩苷得率为指标,单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取时间及料液比;采用Box-Behnken设计、响应面分析统计学方法对工艺参数进行优化.结果:最佳工艺条件为14倍量70％乙醇提取102 s,在此条件下得到黄芩苷的实测值达13.588％,理论值可达13.592％,两者较吻合.结论:闪式提取法是一种高效、快速提取黄芩中黄芩苷的方法.     

多指标正交试验优选白术芍药散提取工艺

白术芍药散是中医传统名方,临床对于腹泻有确切的治疗效果.然而,目前有关白术芍药散的提取工艺报道较少.该试验利用正交试验的方法,以复方中10个指标性成分和浸出物的含量作为指标,采用综合加权评分法处理数据,对提取工艺中乙醇浓度、溶剂倍量、浸泡时间、提取时间4个因素进行考察,以优化白术芍药散提取工艺.结果得出白术芍药散的最佳提取工艺为加入12倍量70％乙醇,浸泡1h,提取2次,每次2h.其中提取时间有显著影响.优化后的提取工艺稳定可靠,可为进一步开发利用该处方提供参考.     

五味子超临界萃取物对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤后生存状态和活力的保护作用

目的:研究五味子超临界萃取物对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)所致的PC12细胞损伤后生存状态和活力的保护作用。方法:体外培养PC12细胞,建立Aβ引起的细胞损伤的AD细胞模型,采用MTT法和LDH法检测细胞生存活力。结果:五味子超临界萃取物能降低LDH含量,升高细胞线粒体脱氢酶的活性,增加活细胞数。结论:五味子超临界萃取物能减轻Aβ25-35损伤后的PC12细胞的受损程度,保护细胞膜,提高细胞生存活力。     

正交设计-重复实验法优选葛根的超微振动提取工艺

目的优选葛根药材最佳的超微振动提取工艺。方法以葛根素和葛根总黄酮的提取率作为考察指标,采用正交设计-重复实验法考察葛根超微振动提取过程中提取温度、溶剂用量、提取时间等工艺参数对葛根提取效果的影响。结果提取温度是影响葛根素和总黄酮提取率的主要因素,最佳提取工艺为:药材粗粉加5倍量30%的乙醇,45℃时提取2次,每次10min。结论该工艺简便、快捷、提取率高,可用于葛根中活性成分的提取。