氪激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞120例疗效观察

目的 探讨氪激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)的方法和效果。方法 观察分析120例(120眼)经荧光眼底造影(FFA)确诊为BRVO的患者(其中缺血型79例，非缺血型41例)的光凝治疗效果。结果 120例视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者中明显有效101例(84．1％)，13例(10．8％)视力保持不变，6例(5．1％)视力下降。视力不变和视力下降均为缺血型病例，非缺血型54例视力均得到了提高。治愈病程：57例病程小于3个月，40例病程在4～6个月，23例病程大于6个月。结论 氪激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞，可缩短病程，减少并发症，降低复发率，使视力保持或提高。     

Chorioretinal and choriovitreal neovascularization after photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A clinicopathologic correlation

A patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy was treated by panretinal and focal photocoagulation. Later, he developed one area of clinically diagnosed chorioretinal and choriovitreal neovascularization (CNV), neovascular glaucoma, and a blind painful eye necessitating enucleation. Clinicopathologic correlations of this eye including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, light and electron microscopy are reported. Histopathologic examination revealed three areas of CNV, suggesting that some CNV may go undetected clinically also in other cases and thus may occur more frequently than evident from the literature. Our CNV occurred at sites of focal treatment. Retreatment of one area was unsuccessful. Choriovitreal neovascularization passed through discontinuities of Bruch's membrane into the retina and showed fenestrae of the endothelial cells. Endothelial fenestrae may account for the profuse fluorescein leakage seen clinically in CNV.     

氩激光诱发兔视网膜下新生血管的眼底荧光血管造影

探讨视网膜下新生血管的发病机理及发生，发展特点。用高强度氩激光光凝兔视网膜，经眼底镜及眼底荧光血管造影观察２，光斑出血发生率２７％。光凝后１周，ＦＦＡ脉络膜期及动脉早期８％的光斑有点汰荧光素渗漏。光凝后３周，６３％的光斑出现脉络膜新生血管形态。直至２个月，渗漏区逐渐扩大。     

A randomized clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. I. Preliminary results

A randomized prospective clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation for proliferative sickle cell retinopathy was performed. In Chicago there were 34 argon laser-treated eyes and 30 control eyes. In Kingston there were 53 xenon arc treated eyes and 50 control eyes. Prolonged loss of visual acuity was rare in both photocoagulated and control eyes. Argon laser and xenon arc feeder vessel photocoagulation reduced the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage and visual loss from vitreous hemorrhage. However, photocoagulation was associated with an increased risk of choroidal neovascularization (xenon arc greater than argon laser) and retinal detachment (argon laser), although visual loss from these complications has not been seen in these patients so far.     

Diabetic retinopathy under age 20. A review of 71 cases

A review of the fluorescein angiograms on 4547 diabetic patients with clinically suspected retinopathy was performed. Although only 26 (1%) of the 2013 males and 45 (2%) of the 2534 females were less than 20 years old (71 patients total), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was diagnosed in 14 females (31%) and 4 males (15%). The youngest patient, a 13-year-old boy with diabetes for eight years, presented with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes as documented angiographically. He showed no evidence of other systemic complications of diabetes. A review of the literature revealed one other case of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in a patient this young; a 13-year-old girl who was nephrotic and hypertensive upon presentation. This study emphasizes the importance of having prepubescent and teenage diabetics examined for the presence of retinopathy.     

Parameters affecting laser palliation in patients with advanced digestive cancers

Ninety-nine nonsurgical patients (group I) with esophagogastric cancer were referred to the laser center for palliation of dysphagia, and another 142 nonsurgical patients (group II) with a rectosigmoid cancer were referred for palliation of abnormal rectal discharge (125 patients) or occlusion (17 patients). The immediate success rate was 83% in group I and 90% in group II. Patients were retreated monthly. The average duration of palliation was 4.3 months +/- 0.5 (+/- standard error) in group I and 9.3 months +/- 0.95 in group II. Complication rate was 4% in group I and 3.4% in group II. Parameters affecting results were found only in group I. Factors that could negatively affect the immediate success rate included annular size of the tumor basis more than two thirds of the circumference, tumor localization at the upper third of the esophagus, and recurrence after a nonlaser treatment. The average duration of improvement after initial success was affected only by the circumferential extension.     

The development and management of neovascular glaucoma

Patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) often present with neovascularisation of the iris (NVI) already established and prompt energetic treatment of these patients is needed to reverse or stabilise the condition with possible retention of some visual function. In this series if the ocular media were still clear panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) caused regression of NVI in about 60% of cases and if a persistent rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) were still present this could be dealt with by drainage operation, Molteno implant or cyclophotocoagulation. If the media were already opaque or NVI did not regress then a Molteno implant or cyclophotocoagulation was used to reduce the IOP, preserving corneal endothelial function so that a comfortable eye could be obtained. Some regression of the NVI process was likely with time if the IOP were controlled by surgical treatment. Of 32 patients reviewed here, 20 patients developed NVG following a central retinal vein occlusion; in six patients NVG followed diabetic proliferative retinopathy, in five it followed arterial occlusion, and in one it followed an old traumatic retinal detachment. In those patients where NVG followed venous or arterial occlusion the common risk factors were always present. Patients were usually under treatment for their systemic condition but this treatment should be reviewed.     

A modified Amsler grid. A self-assessment test for patients with macular disease

A Modified Amsler Grid, the size of a conventional credit card, has been developed as a suitable alternate to the full-scale version. The size of the grid makes it extremely convenient for patients in our highly mobile society. When viewed twice (vertically and horizontally), it corresponds well to the topography of the central macula. In this capacity the Modified Amsler Grid is a useful adjunct to the overall management of patients with macular diseases which may potentially be associated with exudative manifestations.     

A comparative study of argon and krypton laser. Photocoagulation in the treatment of presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

Ninety eyes from 88 patients with active macular subretinal neovascular membranes of presumed ocular histoplasmosis were treated with photocoagulation: 45 eyes with blue-green argon laser and 45 with red krypton laser. Final visual results are compared between these two series and natural course of the disease. The krypton laser photocoagulated eyes obtained better final visual results when compared with both the argon laser treated series and natural course.