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51.
Ø. Lidegaard 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1987,75(6):427-433
The mortality of cerebrovascular diseases in Denmark was analysed for men and women 15-44 years of age, in a 14-year period before and after the appearance of oral contraceptives (OC) in 1966. 1,670 deaths were registered over 28 years, during which the female incidence of cerebrovascular deaths increased by 19% (P less than 0.025), while the male mortality was unchanged. Women showed a percentage increase in deaths from cerebral thromboembolic attacks (CTA) of 33%, men a fall of 14%. The increase of female CTA deaths was most pronounced in the young fertile group, the age group with a high OC use. A relative risk of CTA of 3.3-4.5 for OC users compared with non-users could explain the CTA trend difference between women and men. No other single risk factor responsible for the observed trends could be identified. Both women and men had a significant increase in the mortality of subarachnoidal hemorrhages, and a significant fall in the mortality of intracerebral hemorrhages. 相似文献
52.
程海东 《复旦学报(医学版)》2002,29(4):294-295,299
目的 研究妊娠期糖尿病与胎儿生长发育中糖代谢特点的关系。方法 选择妊娠期糖尿病25例(GDM组),正常孕妇20例(对照组),分别测孕妇空腹血糖、糖耐量、C肽、IGF-I、新生儿出生2h内空腹血糖,并依据新生儿出生体重分为大于胎龄儿组(LGA组,≥4000g),适于胎龄儿组(AGA组,2500-3999g)。结果 C肽及新生儿出生2h内空腹血糖GDM组与对照组差异有显著性;糖耐量各时点血糖值餐后2h血糖值LGA和AGA组差异有显著性。结论 血糖始终是影响胎儿生长发育的重要因素,孕妇餐后2h血糖水平与巨大儿的发生呈正相关。 相似文献
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55.
Vijay Tumuluri Graham A. Thomas Ian S. Fraser 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2004,33(4):204-208
BACKGROUND: We hypothesise that the density of proliferating cells at the invasive tumour front (ITF) has a positive relationship with prognostic and risk factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Tissues from 47 human oral SCC specimens were collected and stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki-67 antigen using a horseradish peroxidase based two-step immunostaining method. Counting was performed on two parallel sections at the ITF using an image analyser. The Ki-67 labelling index (LI) was determined by measuring the number of nuclei/mm(2) of epithelium. RESULTS: Our results show that the density of proliferating cells is related to clinical staging, with advanced stage of disease having a significantly higher Ki-67 LI compared with early stage of disease (2111 +/- 905 vs. 1908 +/- 913; P = 0.03). Importantly, this study shows that tumours that have metastasised have a significantly higher Ki-67 LI than tumours where distant metastasis was not detected (3257 +/- 650 vs. 1966 +/- 881; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation, as measured by the Ki-67 LI at the ITF, has a positive relationship with clinical staging, tumour thickness, smoking status of the patient and alcohol consumption. Further, we suggest that a multicenter study with a large cohort of patients is indicated to fully elucidate whether cell proliferation at the ITF is directly related to patient survival. 相似文献
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57.
Background: Solitary pigmented lesions of melanocytic origin are uncommon in the oral mucosa. These lesions include the oral and labial melanotic macule, oral melanocytic nevus, oral melanoacanthoma, oral melanoma and atypical melanocytic proliferation. The purpose of the study was twofold: to report a large series of solitary melanocytic lesions from one source, and to determine the relative frequency of these lesions. Methods: The study was based on a systematic search of the files of the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory, University of the Pacific, San Francisco for solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions (benign and malignant) accessed during the years 1984–2002. Results: Of the 89 430 biopsies accessed during the 19‐year period, 773 (0.83%) cases of solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions in the oral mucosa were identified. Oral and labial melanotic macules were the most common melanocytic lesions comprising 86.1% of the entire group and 0.7% of the total number of accessed biopsies. The vermilion border and gingiva were the most common sites (31.1% and 31.0% respectively). Oral melanocytic nevi comprised 11.8% of the entire melanocytic group and 0.1% of the total number of biopsies. The most common site was the palate (44%). Intramucosal nevi were the most common (64%), followed by compound nevi (16.5%) and common blue nevi (16.5%). Junctional nevi were uncommon (3.0%). Oral melanoacanthoma comprised only 0.9% of the entire melanocytic group and 0.008% of the total number of biopsies. Oral melanoma and atypical melanocytic proliferation were the least common lesions each comprising 0.6% of the entire melanocytic group and 0.006% of the total number of biopsies. The most common site for oral melanoma was the palate (60%). Conclusion: The palate was the most common location for both melanocytic nevi and oral melanoma. Thus, all melanocytic lesions in the palate should be viewed with caution and biopsy is recommended to rule out melanoma. Further studies are required to elucidate the entity of oral atypical melanocytic proliferation. 相似文献
58.
D M Reboussin D C Goff E W Lipkin D M Herrington J Summerson M Steffes R J Crouse L Jovanovic M N Feinglos J L Probstfield M A Banerji D J Pettitt J Williamson 《Diabetic medicine》2004,21(10):1082-1089
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of short-term improvements in glycaemic control on brachial artery endothelial function as a marker of cardiovascular health. METHODS: Persons with Type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled on oral therapy were randomly assigned to monotherapy with repaglinide or combination therapy with repaglinide plus metformin. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation was assessed by ultrasonography at randomization and following 16 weeks of therapy. The primary outcome was change in brachial artery endothelial function from baseline. Comparison of randomized groups was a secondary aim. RESULTS: Eighty-six participants were randomized, and 83 were followed to study completion. Post occlusion brachial artery vasodilation was 3.74% at baseline and 3.82% following 16 weeks of therapy (P = 0.77). The treatment effect was 0.08% (95% CI: -0.48%, 0.64%). No difference was seen between treatment groups (P = 0.69). Overall, A1C was reduced from 8.3% to 7.0%, with a greater reduction in the combination therapy group (from 8.4% to 6.7%) than in the monotherapy group (from 8.3% to 7.3%, p for difference between groups = 0.01). Statistically significant reductions were observed in fasting glucose, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Statistically significant increases were observed for fasting insulin, uric acid, weight and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Brachial artery endothelial function was not influenced by short-term improvements in glycaemic control. The CONTROL DM group was successful in lowering A1C. Future research should explore more intensive and longer-lasting improvements in glycaemic control on endothelial function. Some data previously published in abstract form (Diabetes 2001; 50 (Suppl. 2): A217). 相似文献
59.
公伟宏 《华北煤炭医学院学报》2003,5(2):137-138
目的:评价太极通天液治疗血管性痴呆的临床疗效。方法:随机将148例血管性痴呆分为太极通天液治疗组和丹参口服液对照组,另接应用韦氏成人智力量表评分,将血管性痴呆组分为3个亚组:即80-89分组,70-79分组和70分以下组,观察期为3个月。结果:太极通天液治疗前后WAIS-RC评分与对照组比较,80-89分组和70-79分组均有统计学差异(P<0.05),而70分以下组无统计学差异(P>0.05),结论:太极通天液对血管性痴呆有较好的治疗效果,且与痴呆病情程度有关。 相似文献
60.
P. Botas E. Delgado G. Castaño C. Díaz de Greñu J. Prieto F. J. Díaz-Cadórniga 《Diabetic medicine》2003,20(11):904-908
AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with three diagnostic criteria (WHO-1985 and 1999 and ADA-1997), evaluate their concordance and analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the different screening strategies for diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study with two-step sampling. One thousand and 34 people were selected randomly. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and venous blood samples were obtained fasting and at 2 h. RESULTS: The prevalence of known Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) is 4%[95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 5.1]. By WHO-1985 criteria the prevalence of unknown DM-2 is 5.9% (4.5, 7.4); by ADA-1997 criteria 3.5% (2.5, 4.6) and by WHO-1999 criteria 7.3% (5.8, 8.8). Diagnostic overlap and statistical concordance (coefficient K) are WHO-1985/ADA-1997 29.3%, K=0.42; WHO-1985/WHO-1999 80%, K=0.88; ADA-1997/WHO-1999 48%, K=0.63. If only fasting glucose was used (following ADA-1997), 36.3% of those with diabetes (2-h glucose > or =11.1 mmol/l) would be diagnosed. If OGTT was performed (i) in those with a fasting glucose between 6.1 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (9.8% of the population) we would diagnose 66.6%, and (ii) in all those between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (18.9% of the population) 81.8% would be diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The ADA criteria decrease the prevalence of DM in the adult population of Asturias by 2.4% and concordance with the classical criteria (WHO-1985) was only 29.3%. Using fasting glucose only (ADA-1997) diagnoses 36.3% of those with diabetes. The recent recommendations of the WHO-1999 increases this to 66.6%. To improve the diagnostic strategy for diabetes and detect up to 81.8% of patients, we propose the use of OGTT for all those with a fasting glucose between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l. 相似文献