光学相干断层成像术观察超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑变化

目的　探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑形态的变化及其可能的影响因素。方法　对行超声乳化白内障吸除术 ,且术前无合并症、术中无并发症发生的单纯老年性白内障患者 80例 (80只眼 )于术前和术后 1周分别行光学相干断层成像术 (opticalcoherencetomography ,OCT)检查 ;按术中使用的超声能量高低分成 2个组。观察黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化及其与术中超声能量、术后前房炎性反应和视力的关系。结果　 80只眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (14 2 9± 16 7) μm ,术后为 (15 7 9± 36 7) μm ,两者比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 3只眼出现黄斑水肿 ,11只眼出现房水中度闪光 ,黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (139 9± 11 3) μm ,术后为 (197 6± 36 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t =2 75 1,P <0 0 5 )。低能量组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为 (15 6 2± 18 3) μm ,高能量组为 (172 6± 32 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t=2 4 11,P <0 0 5 )。术后最佳矫正视力与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度呈负相关性 (r=- 0 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　超声乳化白内障吸除术可导致术眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度增加及黄斑水肿 ;术中高超声能量可明显影响术后黄斑中心凹视网膜的形态 ;术后黄斑中心     

视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描观察

目的 观察视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征以及与临床的关联,探讨新型频域OCT在RVO患者黄斑水肿形态和定量分析中的临床价值.方法 回顾分析临床确诊的RVO患者91例92只眼的OCT检查资料.其中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)35例35只眼;视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)56例57只眼.所有患者接受最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、直接或间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜加前置镜检查.其中60例60只眼还接受了荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查.5线扫描(5 Line Raster)模式下通过中心凹的水平+垂直两条扫描线的分析,对黄斑水肿类型和累及层次以及视网膜外层的细微结构进行观察,用软件自带cliaper功能模块手工测量黄斑中心凹厚度(FT)、浆液性视网膜脱离高度、中心凹囊腔的高度和宽度、中心凹囊腔下光感受器层厚度.在立方体(Cube)扫描模式下,采用软件自带的功能模块对黄斑中心厚度(CFT)、黄斑中心凹体积(V)、平均厚度(AT)进行测量.回顾分析时,重点分析黄斑水肿类型、OCT图像特征以及不同黄斑水肿类型与视力的相互关系.结果 RVO患者黄斑水肿表现为弥漫性水肿、囊样水肿、浆液性视网膜脱离、混合性水肿等多种形态.其中,弥漫性水肿表现为视网膜组织增厚,结构疏松,反射轻度降低;囊样水肿表现为视网膜神经上皮层内有单个或多个低反射囊泡,其间又可见组织柱分隔;浆液性视网膜脱离表现为视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离,其间有低反射液性空腔;混合性水肿表现为以上几种水肿形式的混合.92只眼中,弥漫性水肿12例12只眼,占13.0%;囊样水肿21例21只眼,占22.8%;浆液性视网膜脱离37例37只眼,占40.2%;混合性水肿58例59只眼,占64.1%.水肿位于外网状层/外核层91例92只眼.占100.0%;位于内核层67例68只眼,占74.2%;位于神经节细胞层23只眼,占25.0%.光感受器内外节连接(r=3.778 6,P=0.000)、外界膜完整性(r=4.462 2,P=0.000)和FT(r=-0.451 3,P=0.000)与其BCVA有相关性;而CFT(r=0.269 7,P=0.121)、V(r=0.052 8,P=0.054)和AT(r=0.060 8,P=0.075)与视力无相关性.结论 RVO所导致的黄斑水肿其形态和层次可表现为多种不同的类型,频域OCT可以对这些改变进行有效观察,其中有些改变与视力密切相关;定量分析在RVO黄斑水肿患者中的价值有待进一步确定.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the images characteristics of optic coherence tomography (OCT) on macular edema in retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and to explore the application value of Fourier-domain (FD)OCT in RVO macular edema. Methods The clinical data of 91 RVO patients (92 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received examinations of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp ophthalmoscope, and 60 patients (60 eyes)also underwent fundus fluorescein angiography. There were 35 patients (35 eyes) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 56 patients (57 eyes) with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The type and involved layer of macular edema, and subtle structure changes of the outer retina were observed through the horizontal and vertical scanning lines through the foveal under the model of 5 Line Raster. The foveal thickness (FT), height of serous retinal detachment, width and height of foveal cystoid spaces and thickness of foveal photoreceptor layer were measure manually. The central fovea thickness (CFT), volume (V) and average thickness (AT) were collected from the OCT readings. Further analysis was focused on different type of the edema, characteristics of OCT images and the relationship between the different type of the edema and vision. Results The manifestation of macular edema was variable by OCT scanning, and can be categorized into diffuse edema (sponge-like thickening of the retina with reduced reflectivity) 12 patients ( 12 eyes, 13.0% ), cystoid edema (multi-cyst-like space in the neuro-retina separated by tissue column) 21 patients (21 eyes, 22.8%) and serous retinal detachment (separation of neuro-retina and retinal pigment epithelium by space with low reflectivity) 37 patients (37 eyes, 40. 2%) and mixed edema(mix of the above several edema form) 58 patients (59 eyes, 64.1 %). The edema can happen at different layers of the neuro-retina, including outer nuclear layer/outer plexiform layer (ONL/OPL) in 92 patients (92 eyes, 100. 0%), inner nuclear layer (INL) in 68 patients (68 eyes, 74.2%) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in 23 patients (23 eyes, 25.0%).Statistic analysis revealed that BCVA was related to the integrity of IS/OS (r=3. 778 6, P=0. 000), ELM (r=4.462 2, P= 0. 000 ) and FT (r=-0.4513, P=0. 000 ), but not related to CFT (r=0.269 7, P=0.121), V(r=0.0528, P= 0. 054 ) and AT (r=0.0608, P=0.075). Conclusion he manifestation of macular edema associated with RVO is variable. FD-OCT can demonstrate its fine details, and some changes are related to visual acuity. Therefore, the value of quantitative analysis in these patients needs further confirmation.     

Stratus相干光断层扫描仪检测激光虹膜切开术前后的房角变化

目的探索Stratus相干光断层扫描仪(OCT)对闭角型青光眼眼前房角观察的方法。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象原发性闭角型青光眼患者38例(56眼)。方法利用Stratus OCT对早期原发性闭角型青光眼患者激光虹膜切开术前及术后4周的前房角进行形态学观察,用Photoshop软件对前房角开放的角度进行描绘和测量。主要指标房角开放角度,前房深度与角膜厚度比。结果Stratus OCT可用来显示眼前房角形态,获取清晰的图像。激光虹膜切开术术前、术后的房角开放角度分别为(15.67±5.33)度、(26.56±8.17)度(P=0.000);前房深度与角膜厚度的比值分别为(0.39±0.13)、(0.89 0.32)(P=0.000)。结论Stratus OCT可便捷地用于了解前房角的宽度改变,但对量化手段和标准需进一步完善。     

Vogt-小柳-原田综合征黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度分析

目的　分析Ｖｏｇｔ-小柳-原田综合征患者急性期与恢复期黄斑中心凹下方脉络膜厚度（ｓｕｂｆｏｖｅａｌｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＳＦＣＴ）变化。方法　３０例Ｖｏｇｔ-小柳-原田综合征患者６０眼纳入研究,其中男１４例,女１６例,年龄（４５．３８±１０．１９）岁。所有患者均行眼前节检查、最佳矫正视力、眼底彩色照相、眼底血管荧光造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）及频域光学相干断层扫描（ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｄｏｍａｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ）等检查确诊。经糖皮质激素口服治疗前及治疗２周、６个月、１２个月后应用ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ对Ｖｏｇｔ-小柳-原田综合征患者进行深度加强扫描（ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｄｅｐｔｈｉｍａｇｉｎｇ,ＥＤＩ）测量ＳＦＣＴ。与正常同龄人群ＳＦＣＴ值进行比较。结果　患眼与正常同龄人群ＳＦＣＴ值（２８７．８５±２７．７０）μｍ比较,糖皮质激素治疗前,患眼ＳＦＣＴ厚度（４３７．４６±３０．１４）μｍ明显增加,差异有统计学意义（ｔ＝３．５９１,Ｐ＜０．０１）。治疗２周后,患眼ＳＦＣＴ厚度为（３５２．５０±６０．３７）μｍ,较治疗前显著下降,差异有统计学意义（ｔ＝２．５６７,Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗６个月及１２个月后,患眼ＳＦＣＴ厚度分别为（２９９．３２±２０．１２）μｍ、（２９７．６１±２１．８９）μｍ,与正常人群ＳＦＣＴ值比较,差异均无统计学意义（ｔ＝１．３６２、１．２７２,均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论　Ｖｏｇｔ-小柳-原田综合征患者急性期ＳＦＣＴ较正常同龄人群明显增厚,恢复期与同龄正常人群比较无明显差别。     

Clinical imaging of macular pigment optical density and spatial distribution

Clinical research continues to provide an increasing number of studies that reveal an association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and both visual function and ocular health. As a result, there is a growing need for repeatable, accurate measures of MPOD that can describe peak optical density as well as spatial distribution. Measurement of MPOD in a research setting has an established history encompassing a number of both objective and subjective techniques. Transition of these techniques to a clinical setting has produced an array of commercial devices using three primary methods: heterochromatic flicker photometry, fundus autofluorescence and fundus reflectometry. The inherent differences among the techniques create difficulty in making direct comparisons between MPOD measurement devices. Understanding the limitations of each technique is critical in the clinical interpretation of MPOD results. Here, both the objective and subjective methods of MPOD measurement are reviewed with emphasis on the commercially available devices used in clinical settings.     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿视网膜微结构SD-OCT改变研究进展

糖尿病性黄斑水肿( diabetic macular edema ,DME)是糖尿病患者视功能损害的主要原因,中央视网膜厚度( central retinal thickness,CRT)与DME患者视功能损害及治疗前后视功能变化密切相关,而黄斑部视网膜微结构改变与CRT变化有关。频域 OCT ( spectral-domain OCT, SD-OCT)可以定性、定量的分析黄斑各组织层次的细微结构。我们对DME患者黄斑部视网膜微结构SD-OCT改变的相关研究进展进行综述,对进一步探讨DME的发病机制、观察病情进展、指导临床治疗及判断预后情况有重要意义。     

频域光相干断层扫描三种不同图像模式测量脉络膜厚度的差异比较

目的 比较3种不同图像模式测量的脉络膜厚度值差异.方法 临床检查确诊的中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者20例21只眼(A组)纳入研究.所有患眼视网膜倾斜且与水平线夹角大于5.0°.选取视网膜倾斜角度测量结果为视网膜水平的20例21只眼(B组)作为对照.2组间性别、年龄、等效球镜度数等比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.00、-0.345、0.489,P＞0.05).频域光相干断层扫描增强扫描模式下分别在1∶1像素、1∶1 ∶m、连续测量3种图像模式下测量其距离黄斑中心凹鼻侧或者颞侧1500∶m处的脉络膜厚度.比较1∶1像素模式、连续测量模式与1∶1 μm模式测量的脉络膜厚度值的差异.结果 A组1∶1μm、1∶1像素、连续测量图像模式测量所得脉络膜厚度分别为(304.81±87.74)、(342.86±91.43)、(307.86±89.35) μm.1∶1像素图像模式测得的脉络膜厚度值比1∶1 μm图像模式测得的脉络膜厚度值显著增加,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.499,P＜0.01);连续测量图像模式测得的脉络膜厚度值与1∶1 μm图像模式测得的脉络膜厚度值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.790,P＞0.05).B组1∶1像素图像模式、连续测量图像模式脉络膜厚度测量值与1∶1 μm图像模式脉络膜厚度测量值比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=-1.521、-1.822,P＞0.05).结论 1∶1像素图像模式测量的脉络膜厚度值偏大;1∶1μm图像模式测量脉络膜厚度较为准确;连续测量图像模式提供了随访测量脉络膜厚度更方便准确的方法.     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变光相干断层扫描研究

目的 探讨非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)患眼远期视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及其与视野检查结果的相关性.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.对2007年8月至2009年8月在无锡市,第二人民医院眼科21例单眼发病NAION患者42只眼(21只发病眼为实验组,21只对侧正常眼为对照组)进行了视网膜神经纤维层厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT),并检查视野(visual field,VF)、图形视觉诱发电位(pattern-reversal visual evoked potential,P-VEP)等检查.结果 NAION患者RNFL厚度较对照组变薄,上半侧易受累,相应下方视野缺损多见,且视盘非病变区域的RNFL厚度也比正常对照组相应区域变薄.平均RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损有相关性(r=0.38,P ＜0.05).结论 NAION患者远期盘周视神经纤维层厚度变薄,缺血区明显变薄,OCT检查非缺血区的RNFL厚度也变薄,提示NAION的RNFL丢失可能超过了视野检查的视野缺损的范围.NAION患眼盘周RNFL厚度与视野检查结果相关.     

Neural networks to identify multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Purpose:  To compare axonal loss in ganglion cells detected with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) versus healthy control subjects using an artificial neural network (ANN). To analyse the capability of the ANN technique to improve the detection of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) damage in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods:  Patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 106) and age‐matched healthy subjects (n = 115) were enrolled. The Spectralis OCT system was used to obtain the circumpapillary RNFL thickness in both eyes. The 768 RNFL thickness measurements provided by the Spectralis OCT were performed to obtain thickness measurements from 24 uniformly divided locations around the peripapillary RNFL. The performance of the ANN technique for identifying RNFL loss in patients with multiple sclerosis was evaluated. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to display the ability of the test to discriminate between MS and healthy eyes in our population. ROC curves obtained using ANN and parameters provided by OCT (mean and 6 sector thicknesses) were compared. Results:  The capability of the ANN technique to detect RNFL loss in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with healthy subjects was good. The area under the ROC curve was 0.945. Compared with the OCT‐provided parameters, the ANN had the largest area under the ROC curve. Conclusions:  Measurements of RNFL thickness obtained with Spectralis OCT have a good ability to differentiate between healthy and individuals with multiple sclerosis. Based on the area under the ROC curve, the ANN performed better than any single OCT parameter.