眼部成纤维细胞在眼科疾病中的研究进展

眼部成纤维细胞的增生、变性是诸多眼部疾病的发病机制之一,如结膜松弛症、翼状胬肉、角膜疾病、青光眼滤过术后的瘢痕化、视网膜疾病、基底细胞癌及Graves眼病等.对眼部成纤维细胞进行体外培养、传代及纯化成功后可广泛应用于相关的实验研究.本文就眼部成纤维细胞的生物学特征、体外培养的方法及其在眼科疾病中的研究进展作一综述.     

三种立体视觉检查方法在招飞体检中的应用

目的 探讨3种不同立体视锐度检查方法在海军招飞体检中的应用价值.方法 274例视力正常的海军航空学院报考者根据眼位分为正常组(242例)和斜视组(32例),应用Titmus 立体图、TNO立体视觉检查图及数字化立体视觉检查图(颜氏图)3种方法进行立体视锐度测定.结果 3种方法检测所得正常组中立体视觉正常者(立体视锐度≤60″)所占百分率分别为Titmus 98.34%,TNO92.98%,颜氏图97.52%.Titmus方法所得结果与颜氏图检测结果比较差异无统计学意义,二者分别与TNO检测结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.272、-3.314,P＜0.05).斜视组3种方法检测所得立体视觉正常者所占百分率分别为Titmus 90.63%,TNO 71.88%,颜氏图75.00%,TNO检测与颜氏图检测结果比较,差异无统计学意义,二者分别与Titmus检测结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.825、-2.428,P＜0.05).结论 颜氏图检测结合Titmus立体图检测应用于招飞体检可以获得较为理想的立体视觉检查结果. Abstract： Objective To evaluate the practicability of three stereovision tests in the stereoacuity examination for Navy aviator recruiting.Methods The stereoacuity was measured both for the group of normal position of eye (242 subjects) and strabismus group (32 subjects) by Titmus,TNO test for stereoscopic vision (TNO) and Yan's Digital Stereovision tests.Results The percentage of normal stereovision (stereoacuity≤60″) in normal group was respectively 98.34% by Titmus, 92.98% by TNO and 97.52% by Yan's.There was no significant difference between the measurements of Titmus and Yan's test but the significance was found in TNO test compared with other teszs (Z=- 3.272、- 3.314, P＜ 0.05).In strabismus group, the percentage of normal stereovision was respectively 90.63% by Titmus, 71.88% by TNO and 75.00% by Yan's.Testing by TNO or Yan's had no statistic difference but for the testing by Titmus (Z= -2.825、-2.428, P＜0.05).Conclusions The Yan's Digital Stereovision test combined with Titmus test could be appropriate to stereoacuity examination for pilot recruitment.     

新的眼科见习考核方法的应用探索

目的 探索一种新的以临床为导向的眼科见习考核方法的应用效果。设计 前瞻性比较性教学研究。研究对象 眼科见习培训研究生22名。方法学生完成为期4周的眼科规范见习教学培训后,使用自主设计的以临床为导向的考核评分表对学生进行考核。此表共7项,包括裂隙灯操作、眼科手术显微镜操作、外眼检查、直接检眼镜使用、复视像检查、出诊电子系统应用、门诊病历书写,涵盖临床工作的基本内容(常见疾病诊断及处置、出诊系统应用、病历书写、手术显微镜缝合操作等),每项满分100分。22名学生按数字表法随机分为两组,考核A组与非考核B组。4周见习结束,A组进行考核,并由见习带教老师根据失分项逐一讲解。随后全部学生进入眼科临床轮转,工作4周后两组学生进行全部七项同样的考核,对比两组的考核得分。主要指标 七项考核分数。结果 经过4周的临床工作,两组学生七项考核平均成绩,A组得分94.47±1.96,明显高于B组的86.51±5.38(t=12.83,P<0.001)。七项考核的单项得分,A组均高于B组(P均<0.05)。其中,A组裂隙灯操作得分96.0±1.9、眼科手术显微镜操作94.0±2.0、外眼检查95.0±2.0、直接检眼镜使用94.0±1.7、复视像检查93.8±2.4、出诊电子系统应用95.2±1.5、门诊病历书写94.0±2.1,B组得分分别为89.0±3.9、88.0±4.9、83.0±5.0、83.0±1.8、83.0±7.1、91.0±3.2、87.0±3.0。结论 本研究设计的见习考核方法能切实有效地提高眼科见习培训研究生的临床技能及综合工作能力。(眼科,2024,33:150-153)     

Ocular Disorders in Turkish Children with Sensorineural Hearıng Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study and Literature Review

Purpose: To investigate types and frequencies of ocular disorders in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and to emphasize the importance of ophthalmological examination in these children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the examination records of children examined in our instutititon between January 2011 and September 2014 was performed. Ocular disorders of children with SHNL were selectively reviewed. Results: Among 55340 patients, SNHL was present in 110 (0.2%). SNHL was bilateral in 104 patients (94.5%) and unilateral in 6 (5.5%). Ninety-one cases had congenital hearing loss (83%), and 19 (17%) had acquired SNHL. Forty cases (36%) had an ocular disorder, either refractive or non-refractive or both. Seventy cases (64%) had normal ocular examination. No difference was found between congenital or acquired SNHL cases in terms of possessing an ocular disorder (p=0.0962). The most common ocular abnormality was refractive error, mainly hypermetropia (21%). There was no significant difference between the prevalences of ocular abnormalities among cases with different lateralites or severities of SNHL (p=0.051, p=0.874, respectively). Twenty-six cases (23.6%) had SNHL as a component of a genetically defined syndrome. All of them had coexisting refractive or non-refractive ocular abnormalities. Some genetic, non-syndromic abnormalities, including Achondroplasia, Celiac disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, were diagnosed in four cases, among whom refractive errors and/or strabismus were detected. Conclusions: Due to the common coexistence of ocular problems and SNHL in children, ophthalmological screening is crucial. Families and healthcare providers should be informed about the critical role of ophthalmic assesment in these children for their future quality of life.