应用非接触性眼表综合分析仪观察T2DM和/或高血压患者的眼表特征

目的：使用非接触性眼表综合分析仪分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)和/或高血压患者眼表特征。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-12在我院就诊的T2DM患者、高血压患者、T2DM合并高血压患者、无T2DM也无高血压患者各40例40眼,分析比较四组患者OSDI评分、泪河高度、眼红指数、角膜荧光素钠染色评分、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(首次泪膜破裂时间和平均泪膜破裂时间)检测结果。

结果：T2DM患者眼部不适的主观感受更为明显,T2DM和/高血压患者更容易出现眼部充血的体征。与无T2DM也无高血压的患者相比,T2DM患者的泪河高度降低,平均泪膜破裂时间明显缩短(均P<0.05),但四组患者的首次泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素钠染色评分均无明显差异(P>0.05)。

结论：非接触性眼表综合分析仪能够无侵入地观察眼表特征,提供相对客观的量化检查结果。T2DM患者眼部稳定性较无T2DM也无高血压的患者下降,稳态更容易被打破。     

长期单眼配戴角膜塑形镜对眼表的影响

目的：探讨持续单眼配戴角膜塑形镜对眼表的影响。

方法：回顾性研究2013-01/2015-12在无锡市101医院眼科门诊就诊的单眼近视眼(对侧眼为正视眼)持续配戴角膜塑形镜6mo以上的患者。观察戴镜眼和非戴镜眼在戴镜前和戴镜后各时间点(1wk,1、3、6mo)的泪膜破裂时间、泪液基础分泌量、角膜中央厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度、结膜充血、角膜上皮荧光素染色的情况。

结果：单眼持续配戴角膜塑形镜患者共53例,年龄10.43±1.70岁,等效球镜度-3.37±1.50D。戴镜眼戴镜1wk泪膜破裂时间缩短,戴镜后1wk与戴镜后1、3、6mo泪膜破裂时间相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 非戴镜眼泪膜破裂时间各时间点无明显差异(P>0.05)。戴镜眼和非戴镜眼戴镜后各时间点泪液基础分泌量与戴镜前相比,差异均不明显(P>0.05)。戴镜后各时间点角膜中央厚度和角膜内皮细胞密度与戴镜前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。戴镜眼角膜上皮染色主要为Ⅰ级点染,Ⅰ级点染在戴镜后1wk,1、3、6mo分别为10眼(19%)、6眼(11%)、8眼(15%)、6眼(11%),Ⅱ级点染分别为1眼(2%)、0眼、0眼、1眼(2%)。10例患者戴镜后会出现结膜充血(评分1分)。所有病例在及时停戴、使用抗生素及角膜修复剂后,角膜上皮点状染色均消失,结膜充血消退。非戴镜眼观察期内未见明显结膜充血,角膜上皮染色均为0级。

结论：持续配戴角膜塑形镜会引起泪膜稳定性的下降,结膜、角膜上皮会出现不同程度的影响,但对泪液分泌、角膜厚度和角膜内皮细胞无明显影响。非戴镜眼无明显眼表损害。     

白内障超声乳化手术前后眼表的变化

目的：应用眼表综合分析仪联合结膜印记细胞学观察白内障超声乳化手术前后眼表参数的变化。

方法：选择2016-12/2017-12于福建省立医院眼科行白内障超声乳化和人工晶状体植入手术的患者39例39眼。观察和分析患者术前,术后1d,1wk,1、2mo的干眼症状评估OSDI量表。应用眼表综合分析仪(Keratograph5M)测量泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间、结膜充血以及进行结膜印迹细胞学检查。

结果：术前,术后1d,1wk,1、2mo的OSDI量表的评分：9.30±3.80、19.8±3.42、33.2±5.63、18.8±3.49、20.3±8.65分(P<0.05); 结膜杯状细胞密度分别是376.00±73.88、289±69.50、243.02±80.81、336.72±81.60、346.70±67.35个/mm²(P<0.05); 首次泪膜破裂时间分别是6.91±4.52、6.12±3.55、5.18±3.37、6.28±4.70、5.96±3.17s,平均泪膜破裂时间分别是10.21±5.20、8.89±4.47、6.87±3.68、7.35±3.52、9.00±4.23s,术后1wk的泪膜破裂时间与术前有差异(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障超声乳化手术破坏眼表,患者的泪膜稳定性和结膜细胞损害于术后1d开始,术后1wk加剧,术后2mo患者的眼表状态仍然无法完全恢复。     

Densiron 68 heavy silicone oil in the management of inferior retinal detachment recurrence: analysis on functional and anatomical outcomes and complications

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of a heavy silicone oil (Densiron 68) in the management of inferior retinal detachment recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective non-comparative consecutive case series study. Forty-nine cases of complex inferior retinal detachment were treated using Densiron 68 heavy silicone oil (HSO) as the endotamponade. Our main purpose was anatomic reattachment following Densiron 68 removal. Functional outcomes, rate of recurrences, the presence of inflammatory complications and intraocular pressure alterations were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients affected by complex retinal re-detachment were recruited. The mean follow-up was 7.6 (±1.5) mo. The mean best corrected visual acuity after Densiron 68 removal was 0.95 logMAR, standard error (SE: 0.068). Retinal reattachment was 61.2% after first surgery and 81.6% after second surgery. Nineteen cases (38.8%) had recurrences when intraocular heavy silicon oil was in situ, 26.3% (5 cases) of which involved the inferior retina. CONCLUSION: Densiron 68 ef?ciently fills the inferior retinal periphery and might lower the risk of inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy development, in particular after a standard silicon oil tamponade that reduces the proliferative process in the upper quadrants of the retina.     

New approaches for diagnosis of dry eye disease

We reviewed the literature for different diagnostic approaches for dry eye disease (DED) including the most recent advances, contradictions and promising diagnostic tools and technique. We performed a broad literature search for articles discussing different methods for diagnosis of DED including assessment of tear osmolarity, tear film stability, ocular biomarkers and others. Articles indexed in PubMed and google scholar were included. With the growing cosmetic industry, environmental pollution, and booming of digital screens, DED is becoming more prevalent. Its multifactorial etiology renders the diagnosis challenging and invites the emergence of new diagnostic tools and tests. Diagnostic tools can be classified, based on the parameter they measure, into tear film osmolarity, functional visual acuity, tear volume, tear turnover, tear film stability, tear film composition, ocular biomarkers and others. Although numerous methods exist, the most accurate diagnosis can be reached through combining the results of more than one test. Many reported tests have shown potential as diagnostic/screening tools, however, require more research to prove their diagnostic power, alone or in combination. Future research should focus on identifying and measuring parameters that are the most specific to DED diagnosis.     

Scleral buckling combined with internal cyclopexy for severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in open globe injuries

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scleral buckling combined with internal cyclopexy on the treatment of severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in open globe injuries (OGIS). This retrospective study recruited 10 patients of 10 eyes. With our surgical intervention, all the 10 eyes achieved retinal and ciliary body anatomic re-attachment. The choroidal ruptures in nine eyes were closed with complete choroidal reattachment. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of nine eyes had various improvements. The mean intraocular pressure was increased from 8.9±2.6 mm Hg to 13.4±4.4 mm Hg. Eventually, six eyes underwent silicone oil (SO) removal without complications, two eyes still had SO tamponade and two eyes became SO-dependent eyes. The result shows that internal direct cyclopexy combined with scleral buckling is an effective treatment for severe traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in OGIS.     

Ophthalmic masquerades of the atherosclerotic carotids

Patients with carotid atherosclerosis can present with ophthalmic symptoms. These symptoms and signs can be due to retinal emboli, hypoperfusion of the retina and choroid, opening up of collateral channels, or chronic hypoperfusion of the globe (ocular ischemic syndrome). These pathological mechanisms can produce many interesting signs and a careful history can bring out important past symptoms pointing toward the carotid as the source of the patient''s presenting symptom. Such patients are at high risk for an ischemic stroke, especially in the subsequent few days following their first acute symptom. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with these ophthalmic symptoms and signs caused by carotid atherosclerosis for making an early diagnosis and to take appropriate measures to prevent a stroke. This review elaborates the clinical features, importance, and implications of various ophthalmic symptoms and signs resulting from atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.     

Custom Ocular Prosthesis: A Palliative Approach

The goal of palliative care is the achievement of the best quality of life for patients and their families. Eyes are generally the first features of the face to be noticed. Loss of an eye is a traumatic event which has a crippling effect on the psychology of the patient. Several ocular and orbital disorders require surgical intervention that may result in ocular defects. An ocular prosthesis is fabricated to restore the structure, function, and cosmetics of the defects created by such conditions. Although an implant eye prosthesis has a superior outcome, due to economic factors it may not be a feasible option for all patients. Therefore, a custom-made ocular prosthesis is a good alternative. This case report presents a palliative treatment for a patient with an enucleated eye by fabricating a custom ocular prosthesis which improved his psychological, physical, social, functional, emotional and spiritual needs.     

炙甘草汤加减在眼科疾病中的应用体会

目的观察中药炙甘草汤加减治疗眼科疾病的疗效。方法采用中药炙甘草汤加减治疗溢泪症、白塞氏综合征、视网膜分支静脉阻塞表现为阴阳失调、气血不足的患者,每日1剂,早晚分服。结果所有表现为阴阳失调、气血不足的患者都收到了较好的疗效。第1例,溢泪症的患者仅服5付中药溢泪症即完全消失,随访2年无复发;第2例白塞氏综合征的患者间断治疗2年,视力由治疗初的0.8恢复至1.0,病情稳定2年,后因劳累复发;第3例视网膜分支静脉阻塞的患者治疗70天,眼底出血及渗出完全吸收,视力由0.5恢复至1.0,随访1年病情稳定。结论炙甘草汤加减对阴阳失调、气血不足的眼科疾病有一定的疗效。     

Ocular pressure waveform reflects ventricular bigeminy and aortic insufficiency

Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) is defined as the difference between maximum and minimum intraocular pressure (IOP) during a cardiac cycle. Average values of OPA range from 1 to 4 mmHg. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the source of an irregular IOP waveform with elevated OPA in a 48-year-old male. Ocular pressure waveforms had an unusual shape consistent with early ventricular contraction. With a normal IOP, OPA was 9 mmHg, which is extraordinarily high. The subject was examined by a cardiologist and was determined to be in ventricular bigeminy. In addition, he had bounding carotid pulses and echocardiogram confirmed aortic insufficiency. After replacement of the aortic valve, the bigeminy resolved and the ocular pulse waveform became regular in appearance with an OPA of 1.6–2.0 mmHg. The ocular pressure waveform is a direct reflection of hemodynamics. Evaluating this waveform may provide an additional opportunity for screening subjects for cardiovascular anomalies and arrhythmias.