负压抽吸联合腋横皮纹小切口皮下修剪法治疗腋臭临床研究

目的：观察采用负压抽吸联合腋横皮纹小切口皮下修剪法治疗腋臭的临床效果与并发症的预防。方法：采用负压抽吸联合腋横皮纹小切口皮下修剪的手术方案治疗腋臭患者35例,并随访1年。结果：治愈33例,有效2例,无效0例,总有效率为100%,治愈率为94.29%,所有病例经随访1年以上无复发。结论：负压抽吸联合腋横皮纹小切口皮下修剪法治疗腋臭创伤较少、恢复较快、无明显瘢痕、治愈率高,并发症较少,值得临床推广应用。     

体外负压培养对hBMSCs成骨活性影响的初步研究

[目的]探讨体外负压培养对hBMSCs成骨活性的影响.[方法]取第3代hBMSCs分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行间歇性负压培养,设置压力为17 kPa,30 min/次,4次/d,干预2周;对照组于普通CO,培养箱中常规培养.倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,MTT法和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖和凋亡,检测ALP活性,茜素红染色观察钙节结形成,免疫组织化学检测Ⅰ型胶原和VEGF的表达.[结果]诱导2周,实验组细胞增殖能力下降,S期细胞百分比为(5.14±1.56)%,较对照组(13.45±3.51)%约下降62.4%,细胞凋亡增加.实验组ALP活性为(15.68±1.97)mU/mg,对照组为(6.344±1.21)mU/mg,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,实验组钙结节形成增多,VEGF表达较对照组显著提高;实验组Ⅰ型胶原表达呈阳性,对照组呈阴性反应.[结论]负压能抑制hBMSCs增殖,促进细胞凋亡,但可以提高细胞成骨活性.     

乳腺EIS检测评价年轻女性罹患乳腺癌危险度的前瞻性研究

目的评价乳腺电阻抗扫描成像(EIS)对年轻女性乳腺癌病人的敏感度、特异度,计算其相对危险度,决定是否采用更精确的影像学检查,以期指导年轻女性乳腺癌病人的早期检测。方法2005年6月至2007年6月6家医疗机构采用前瞻性、多中心的方法对年龄≤45岁的女性进行临床观察研究。对583例准备进行乳腺组织活检的年轻女性病人进行乳腺EIS检测,与其病理结果相对照,计算出其敏感度,特异度,准确度,阳性预测值,阴性预测值,同时计算乳腺EIS检测阳性病人患乳腺癌的发生率。结果583例中143例确诊为乳腺癌。EIS检测的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为86.7%、72.9%、76.3%、51.2%和94.1%。EIS检测结果阳性的年轻女性患乳腺癌的相对危险度为8.67。结论乳腺EIS检测可能成为年轻女性早期筛查乳腺癌的重要方法。     

Trauma Symptoms in Bone Marrow Transplant Survivors: The Role of Nonmedical Life Events

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of trauma-related symptomatology and recent life events in cancer survivors following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). One hundred adults averaging 4.4 years post-BMT were interviewed. Participants reported their trauma-related symptomatology regarding cancer and its treatment as well as the number and valence of recent life events. Results indicated that the more negative life events a person experienced, the greater his/her trauma-related symptomatology. The association of trauma-related symptomatology with positive events varied by the individuals' level of physical functioning. For individuals with poorer physical functioning, higher levels of trauma-related symptomatology were associated with a greater number of positive events, suggesting the greater vulnerability of these individuals to any type of change in their life.     

住院艾滋病患者主要照顾者负性心理的质性研究

目的了解住院艾滋病亲属照顾者在看护期间内的主要压力源及负性心理体验。方法采用个人深度访谈法,收集8名照顾者的资料,用主题分析法进行分析,归纳住院艾滋病患者主要照顾者的压力源种类及其负性心理体验。结果照顾者压力源主要来源包括与艾滋病相关的压力源、与经济相关的压力源及与社会文化相关的压力源;照顾者的负性心理体验主要有怀疑、否认,恐惧、害怕,痛苦、矛盾,愤怒,迷茫无助及社交减少。结论住院艾滋病患者照顾者的压力源来源于多个方面,其负性心理体验复杂,研究者应重视主要照顾者的压力,为其提供有效的干预措施,加强支持系统。     

Is OSNA better than imprint cytology for intraoperative diagnosis of cancer involvement of axillary sentinel node in breast cancer?

ObjectiveThe study aim was to establish Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and Accuracy Values of both imprint cytology (IC) and the OSNA assay for intraoperative assessment of axillary sentinel node (SN) cancer involvement in breast cancer. Specifically, we wished to find out if true positive and false negative results of IC were associated to axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND). Also, we addressed a comparative cost analysis between techniques.Methods244 patients treated for breast cancer in the Breast Unit of Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol from 2011 to 2015 were prospectively included. A transversal, consecutive design was applied to assess IC compared to the reference test (OSNA). Inclusion criteria were: T1 and T2 tumors with negative nodes, both clinically and on ultrasound.ResultsSensitivity of IC for macrometastases was 70%. The NPV of IC for macrometastases was 95,75%. Accuracy of IC was 96,12%. In the comparative cost analysis, the release time of results for OSNA doubled that of IC and was associated with an increased cost of € 370.ConclusionsIC has been stated as a good technique for intraoperative cancer involvement SN with high sensitivity and NPV compared to the OSNA assay. It allows keeping the whole node tissue and thus the possibility of improved histopathological evaluation, which can be useful for adjuvant, and offers the advantage of being less time consuming. Cost analysis shows a higher cost for OSNA, which may exceed the benefit of sorting out false negatives from IC.     

Negative pressure wound treatment with computer‐controlled irrigation/instillation decreases bacterial load in contaminated wounds and facilitates wound closure

Microbial wound contamination is known to be a hindrance to wound healing. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with or without irrigation is known to optimise conditions in problem wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of computer‐controlled wound irrigation with NPWT on the bacterial load in contaminated wounds. A total of 267 patients were treated with NPWT with automated instillation because of problematic wounds using an antiseptic instillation solution. In 111 patients, a minimum of 4 operative procedures were necessary, and swabs were taken at least at the first and at the fourth operation in a standardised procedure. The number of different bacteria and the amount of bacteria were analysed during the course. In a subgroup of 51 patients, swabs were taken at all 4 operative procedures and analysed separately. In an overall analysis, the number of different bacteria and the amount of bacteria significantly decreased independent of wound localisation and diagnosis. NPWT with automated instillation demonstrates a positive influence in the reduction of bacterial load in problem wounds. Thus, it may help to optimise wound conditions before definite wound closure.     

Perceived stress mediates the relationship between mindfulness and negative affect variability: A randomized controlled trial among middle‐aged to older adults

Despite the interest in mindfulness over the past 20 years, studies have only recently begun to examine mindfulness in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment to post‐treatment change in negative affect variability (NAV) following a mindfulness training among 134 mildly stressed, middle‐aged to older adults. The secondary aim was to assess if the effects of mindfulness training on NAV would be partially explained by pretreatment to post‐treatment reductions in perceived stress, a trend that would be congruent with several stress models. In this randomized control trial, participants were assigned to either a 6‐week mindfulness meditation training programme or to a wait list control. Ecological momentary assessment, a data capturing technique that queries about present moment experiences in real time, captured NAV. Mixed‐model ANOVAs and a path analysis were conducted. Participants in the mindfulness meditation training significantly reduced NAV when compared with wait list control participants. Further, there was a significant indirect group effect on reductions in NAV through change in perceived stress. Few studies have tested mechanisms of action, which connect changes that occur during mindfulness training with psychological outcomes in older adults. Understanding the mechanisms by which mindfulness enhances well‐being may optimize interventions.     

Impact of negative‐pressure wound therapy on bacterial behaviour and bioburden in a contaminated full‐thickness wound

The use of negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has displayed significant clinical benefits in the healing of infected wounds. However, the effects of NPWT on bacterial colonisation and infection of traumatic wounds has been controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of NPWT treatment in rabbits with a contaminated full‐thickness wound on bacterial behaviour, including colony morphology, spatial distribution, fissional proliferation, and bacterial bioburden. Full‐thickness wounds were created on the back of rabbits, and were inoculated with bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus. The wounds were treated with sterile gauze dressings and NPWT with continuous negative pressure (−125 mm Hg). Wound samples were harvested on days 0 (6 hours after bacterial inoculation), 2, 4, 6, and 8 at the centre of wound beds before irrigation. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed to determine the characteristic bacteriology. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to obtain bioluminescent images, which were used to observe spatial distribution of the GFP‐labelled S. aureus within the tissue and quantify the bacterial bioburden. NPWT resulted in sparse amounts of scattered bacteria on the wound surface or as sparsely spaced single colonies within the tissue. Wound bioburden on day 8 in the NPWT and gauze groups was 34.6 ± 5.5% and 141.9 ± 15.4% of the baseline values (N = 6), respectively (P < .0001). TEM showed a lack of S. aureus active fission within NPWT‐treated tissue. NPWT can impact S. aureus colony morphology and spatial distribution both on the surface and within wound tissue, and reduce S. aureus as early as 48 hours after therapy initiation. Additionally, NPWT inhibits bacterial fissional proliferation in microcolonies.