Variation of Mean Absolute Relative Differences of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Throughout the Day

Background:There is an increasing use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by people with diabetes. Measurement performance is often characterized by the mean absolute relative difference (MARD). However, MARD is influenced by a number of factors and little is known about whether MARD is stable throughout the day.Material and Methods:A total of 24 participants with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in the study. The study was performed for seven in-patient days. Participants wore two CGM systems in parallel and performed additional frequent blood glucose (BG) measurements. On two days, glucose excursions were induced.MARD was calculated between pairs of CGM and BG values, with BG values serving as reference values. ARD values calculated from CGM-BG pairs were grouped by hour of the day. Results were analyzed separately for glucose excursion days and for regular days.Results:Total MARDs for the complete study duration were 12.5% ± 3.6% and 13.2% ± 2.4% (n = 24). Throughout the day marked variability of MARD was observed (8.0% ± 1.3%-16.3% ± 2.9% (G5); 9.1% ± 1.4%-16.3% ± 5.3% (FL), up to n = 157 each). Low(est) MARD values were observed before breakfast and dinner, when subjects were in or near a fasting state. Especially after breakfast and lunch, MARD values were higher than average.Conclusions:Analytical performance of the two CGM systems, assessed by MARD, was found to vary markedly throughout the day. Activities of daily life likely triggered these variations. An increasing number of CGM users base therapeutic decisions on CGM values, and they should be aware of these variations of performance throughout the day.     

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Current Curative Intent Therapies

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounting for 10–20% of cases. Historically, fewer treatment options have existed for this subtype of breast cancer, with cytotoxic chemotherapy playing a predominant role. This article aims to review the current treatment paradigm for curative-intent TNBC, while also reviewing potential future developments in this landscape. In addition to chemotherapy, recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of TNBC have led to promising new studies of targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in the curative-intent setting. The appropriate selection of TNBC patient subgroups with a higher likelihood of benefit from treatment is critical to identify the best treatment approach.     

消癌平注射液联合化疗治疗转移性三阴型乳腺癌临床疗效观察

目的：观察消癌平注射液联合化疗治疗转移性三阴型乳腺癌（ triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）的疗效及安全性。方法选择2012年12月—2014年12月共101例患者纳入此项研究,均经病理诊断为转移性 TNBC,转移部位主要包括肺、肝、骨、肾上腺、淋巴结等。所有患者需接受消癌平注射液联合化疗4~6周期。应用 RECIST 1.1实体瘤评价标准对患者进行疗效判定。并检测疗效与临床病理因素之间的相关性。应用 NCI-CTCAE 3.0毒性评价标准评估药物相关性不良反应。结果患者中位随访时间为22个月,疗效评估显示：完全缓解4例,部分缓解33例,疾病稳定45例和疾病进展19例。全组患者的客观有效率和疾病控制率分别为36.6%和81.2%。转移部位、转移灶数量和美国东部肿瘤协作组评分与 TNBC 患者的疗效有显著相关性（ P ﹤0.01）。1年总生存率（ overall survival,OS）为81.2%,中位 OS 未达到。常见不良反应多为轻中度,经对症治疗后均有效缓解,患者均可耐受。结论消癌平注射液联合化疗治疗转移性 TNBC 具有较好的疗效和安全性。     

Feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy omission after integration of 18F-FDG dedicated lymph node PET in early breast cancer:a prospective phase Ⅱ trial

Objective:Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) is currently the standard of care in clinically node negative(cN0) breast cancer.The present study aimed to evaluate the negative predictive value(NPV) of ¹⁸F-FDG dedicated lymph node positron emission tomography(LymphPET) in cN0 patients.Methods:This was a prospective phase II trial divided into 2 stages(NCT04072653).In the first stage,cN0 patients underwent axillary LymphPET followed by SLNB.In the second stage,SLNB was omitted in patients ...     

丹参胶囊的系统稳定性考察

目的:制备丹参提取物和丹参胶囊,研究二者在高湿、高温和光照条件下的稳定性,并考察丹参胶囊及相关物料的吸湿特性。方法:采用UPLC测定丹参素、迷迭香酸、紫草酸和丹酚酸B的含量,流动相0. 05%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱(0～2 min,93%～79. 2%A; 2～6 min,79. 2%～75%A; 6～9 min,75%～65%A; 9～10. 5 min,65%～10%A; 10. 5～11 min,10%～93%A),流速0. 4 mL·min~(-1),检测波长280 nm。通过测定丹参胶囊及相关物料的吸湿增重,绘制吸湿等温曲线,测算临界相对湿度(CRH)。结果:丹参提取物和丹参胶囊分别在温度40℃,相对湿度75%和92. 5%,光照强度(4 500±500) Lx条件下放置10 d后,4个酚酸成分含量波动均在±10%以内,无明显变化趋势;高温60℃条件,二者中的丹参素变化率分别为47. 45%和32. 24%,丹酚酸B变化率分别为-6. 39%和-9. 64%。吸湿性考察显示,淀粉基丸CRH=58. 5%,丹参提取物CRH=72. 34%,包衣丸CRH=72. 85%,丹参胶囊CRH=73. 55%。结论:高温环境会影响丹参提取物和丹参胶囊中酚酸类指标成分的稳定性,为确保丹参提取物及丹参胶囊质量稳定,应避免高温环境。为防止丹参胶囊及其相关物料过度吸湿,淀粉基丸、丹参提取物、丹参包衣丸和丹参胶囊的生产、贮存环境中相对湿度应控制在相应CRH以下。     

应用iTRAQ技术构建胃癌唾液的蛋白质组差异表达谱

目的：应用同位素标记相对和绝对定量（iTRAQ）技术标记定量蛋白组技术对胃癌患者唾液的全组蛋白进行鉴定和定量分析,初步获得胃癌患者唾液的蛋白组差异表达图谱。方法：胃癌患者与正常人唾液各10例,各组等量混合后利用iTRAQ8标试剂标记后的样本,采用Nano—LC—Ms／Ms分离、分析肽段,运用Proteinpilot4．0软件对蛋白进行鉴定和定量分析,并比较这些蛋白的表达差异。结果：对样品进行了2次Nano—LC—Ms／Ms,标记率〉95％,错误发现率〈1％,鉴定出符合假阳性率〈1％,共鉴定了747个蛋白。与正常对照组相比,胃癌组共出现了2倍以上表达差异的蛋白质21个,其中上调的12个,下调的9个。结论：iTRAQ联合NanoLC—MS／MS技术能高通量地筛选胃癌患者唾液中相关的蛋白,为胃癌患者早期诊断和预后提供可能的生物学标志物或治疗靶点,建立一种无创、简便、快捷实用的检测评估手段。     

重症患者发生腹泻的相关因素分析和护理现状(综述)

重症患者因基础疾患多、免疫功能低下、抗生素联合长期应用、侵袭性操作多及肠内营养等因素,易导致腹泻,既加重了患者原有的病情,延长了病程,又增加了经济负担。目前重症患者腹泻的预防和处理已成为护理研究的重要内容,越来越受到人们的重视。     

Ciliary Muscle Dimension Changes With Accommodation Vary in Myopia and Emmetropia

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether accommodation-induced changes in ciliary muscle dimensions vary between emmetropes and myopes, and the effect of the image analysis method.MethodsSeventy adults aged 18 to 27 years consisted of 25 people with emmetropia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] +0.21 ± 0.36 diopters [D]) and 45 people with myopia (−2.84 ± 1.72 D). There were 23 people with low myopia (>−3 D) and 22 people with moderate myopia (−3 to −6 D). Right eye ciliary muscles were imaged (Visante OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) at 0 D and 6 D demands. Measures included ciliary muscle length (CML), ciliary muscle curved length (CMLarc), maximum ciliary muscle thickness (CMTmax), CMT1, CMT2, and CMT3 (fixed distances 1–3 mm from the scleral spur), CM25, CM50, and CM75 (proportional distances 25%–75%). Linear mixed model analysis determined effects of refractive groups, race, and demand on dimensions. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsMyopic eyes had greater CML and CMLarc nasally than emmetropic eyes. Myopic eyes had thicker muscles than emmetropic eyes at nasal positions, except CM25 and CMT3, and at CM75 temporally. During accommodation and only nasally, CML reduced in emmetropic and myopic eyes, and CMLarc reduced in myopic eyes only. During accommodation, both nasally and temporally, muscles thickened anteriorly (CMT1 and CM25) and thinned posteriorly (CMT3 and CM75) except for temporal CM75. Moderate myopic eyes had greater temporal CMLarc than low myopic eyes, and the moderate myopes had thicker muscles both nasally and temporally using fixed and proportional distances.ConclusionsPeople with myopia had longer and thicker ciliary muscles than people with emmetropia. During accommodation, the anterior muscle thickened and the curved nasal muscle length shortened, more in myopic than in emmetropic eyes. The fixed distance method is recommended for repeat measures in the same individual. The proportional distance method is recommended for comparisons between refractive groups.