三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 分析三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及与预后的关系. 方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2007年2月北京通州妇幼保健院收治的乳腺癌患者196例,进行免疫组织化学法测定Her-2、ER、PR蛋白表达,并分为两组,一组为三阴性(triple-negative)乳腺癌,即Her2(-),ER(-),PR(-),另一组为非三阴性乳腺癌.分析三阴性和非三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征,比较三阴性乳腺癌患者术后的3年无瘤生存率. 结果 三阴性乳腺癌在所有患者中所占比例为13.27%(26/196),其肿瘤大小情况、组织学Ⅲ级的比例高于非三阴性乳腺癌(P＜0.05).三阴性乳腺癌和非三阴性乳腺癌3年无瘤生存率分别为84.62%(22/26)和92.94%(158/170). 结论 三阴性乳腺癌较非三阴性乳腺癌易发生局部复发和远处转移,预后差.     

^99mTc—DTPA测定肾小球滤过率在移植肾活体供体中的应用价值

目的制定^99mTc—DTPA测定肾小球滤过率（GFR）在不同年龄组中的正常参考范围,评价其在移植。肾活体供体中的临床价值。方法300例移植肾供体行肾动态显像,应用Gates法计算GFR,统计分析GFR正常参考范围及不同年龄组GFR正常参考范围,分析其与性别、年龄、身高体重指数的关系。结果300例供肾者左肾、右肾及总肾的GFR为（49．25±10．34）mL／min、（49．27±9．69）mL／min及（98．52±19．03）mL／min;〈50岁者的GFR显著高于≥50岁者,〈50岁或≥50岁,各年龄组间GFR无显著性差异;Logistic回归分析表明GFR仅与年龄相关。始论：^99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像测定GFR方法简便、可靠,可以反映分肾功能、评估尿路排泄情况,对筛选移植肾供体具有一定价值。     

Role of different negative pressure values in the process of infected wounds treated by vacuum‐assisted closure: an experimental study

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device is widely used to treat infected wounds in clinical work. Although the effect of VAC with different negative pressure values is well established, whether different negative pressures could result in varying modulation of wound relative cytokines was not clear. We hypothesise that instead of the highest negative pressure value the suitable value for VAC is the one which is the most effective on regulating wound relative cytokines. Infected wounds created on pigs' back were used to investigate the effects of varying negative pressure values of VAC devices. Wounds were treated with VAC of different negative pressure values or moist gauze, which was set as control. The VAC foam, semiocclusive dresses and moist gauze were changed on days 3, 5, 7 and 9 after wounds were created. When changing dressings, tissues from wounds were harvested for bacteria count and histology examination including Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry for microvessels. Western blot was carried out to test the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results showed that on days 3 and 5 the number of bacteria in wounds treated by VAC with 75, 150, 225 and 300 mmHg was significantly decreased compared with that in wounds treated by gauze and 0 mmHg pressure value. However, there was no difference in wounds treated with negative pressure values of 75 , 150, 225 and 300 mmHg at any time spot. Immunohistochemistry showed that more microvessels were generated in wounds treated by VAC using 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure comparing with that using 225 and 300 mmHg on days 3 and 5. However this difference vanished on days 7 and 9. Morphological evaluation by Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen deposition in VAC of 75 and 150 mmHg compared with that in VAC of 225 and 300 mmHg. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and bFGF significantly increased when the wounds treated with 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure values compared with the wounds treated with 225 and 300 mmHg on day 5. Treatment using VAC with different negative pressure values more than 75 mmHg has similar efficiency on reducing bacteria in the infected wound. VAC with negative pressure values of 75 and 150 mmHg promote wound healing more quickly than other pressure values. Moreover, comparing with vigorous negative pressure, relatively moderate pressures contribute to wound healing via accelerated granulation growth, increased angiogenic factor production and improved collagen fibre deposition. Further study of this model may show other molecular mechanisms.     

Occurrence of ocular disease in traumatic brain injury in a selected sample: a retrospective analysis

Primary objective: To determine retrospectively the relative risk of ocular disease in a selected, visually-symptomatic sample of clinic patients having traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 160) vs. cerebrovascular accident (CVA; n = 60), with all initially presenting at the clinic with symptoms and/or signs of vision dysfunction.

Methods and procedures: To review retrospectively 220 medical records of individuals with TBI (n = 160) vs. CVA (n = 60), as determined by a computer-based query spanning the years 2000-2003, to ascertain the frequency of occurrence of ocular disease in the two major sub-groups of acquired brain injury.

Main outcomes and results: Conditions with high relative risk unique to TBI included corneal abrasion, blepharitis, chalazion/hordeolum, dry eye, traumatic cataract, vitreal prolapse and optic atrophy. This is distinct from those ophthalmic conditions unique to CVA, which included sub-conjunctival haemorrhage and ptosis.

Conclusion: These new findings should alert clinicians to the potential increased frequency of occurrence of specific ocular diseases in a selected, visually-symptomatic population with TBI and their associated rehabilitative and quality-of-life implications.     

持续胃肠道低负压引流对口服有机磷中毒救治效果的影响

目的探讨持续胃肠道低负压引流在抢救经口服急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)中的效果.方法将36例AOPP患者随机分成两组.对照组(19例)采用传统洗胃、导泻法;研究组(17例)于常规洗胃、导泻后,行胃肠道间断(4～6 h1次)甘露醇或生理盐水灌洗加持续胃管及肛管低负压吸引.比较两组阿托品及解磷定用量、胆碱酯酶上升至正常50%时间、昏迷时间及腹胀便秘、反跳、中间综合征发生率.结果研究组阿托品及解磷定用量显著少于对照组(均P＜0.05),胆碱酯酶上升时间、患者昏迷时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论持续胃肠道低负压吸引能有效清除AOPP患者胃肠道毒物,有利于患者恢复.     

Emergency management of epidural haematoma through burr hole evacuation and drainage. A preliminary report

Summary Background. Blood clot evacuation through an osteoplastic craniotomy, a procedure requiring neurosurgical expertise and modern medical facilities, is the accepted method for treatment of a pure traumatic epidural haematoma following closed head injury. In certain emergency situations and/or in less sophisticated settings, however, use of this procedure may not be feasible. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether placement of a burr hole and drainage under negative pressure constituted a rapid, effective and safe approach to manage patients with simple epidural haematomas. Methods. Thirteen patients suffering from a traumatic epidural haematoma were treated from January, 1999 to October, 2002. Twelve patients presented with skull fracture but no fracture was depressed. Placement of flexible tubes through a burr hole, followed by continuous suction under negative pressure, enabled aspiration of the clot and drainage of the cavity. In 8 cases, the procedure was performed under local anaesthesia with 2% Xylocaine™ and with intravenous sedation with propofol as needed. The operative procedure was accomplished within 30 min, and the drainage tube was left in place for 3–5 days. CT scans were performed daily from days 1 to 5. Results. In 11 of 13 cases, clots were evacuated successfully and patients regained consciousness within 2 hours. Recoveries occurred without significant sequelae. In the remaining 2 cases, the drainage tube was found to be obstructed by a blood clot such that the haematoma was unaffected. A traditional craniotomy was performed within 8–12 hours, and these 2 patients recovered consciousness within the subsequent 6 hours. Conclusion. Burr hole evacuation followed by drainage under negative pressure is a safe and effective method for emergency management of a pure traumatic epidural haematoma. To assure safety patients given this procedure should be monitored by daily CT scans. Decompressive craniotomy should be performed if consciousness does not improve within several hours.     

外周血相对端粒长度与头颈部鳞癌死亡风险的关联研究

目的:探讨中国汉族人群中端粒长度与头颈部鳞癌患者死亡风险的关联?方法:应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测241例头颈部鳞癌患者外周血DNA端粒相对长度,结合临床信息和随访资料,进行端粒长度与头颈部鳞癌死亡风险的关联分析?通过Kaplan-Meier方法和Log-rank检验比较生存时间差异,COX比例风险回归模型估计风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及95%CI?结果:将头颈部鳞癌病例按照端粒长度的三分位数分为3组后,端粒长度由短至长的第1?2和3组的平均生存期显著增加(分别为40.46?41.76和46.18个月,趋势性P=0.009)?与相对端粒长度<1.19的患者相比,相对端粒长度>1.49的患者死亡风险显著降低(HR:0.40,95%CI:0.20~0.80)?分层分析结果表明,较长的端粒长度与头颈部鳞癌患者死亡风险的关联在<62岁的患者?女性?不吸烟者以及不饮酒者中更为显著?结论:端粒长度可能与头颈部鳞癌患者的预后存在一定关联,还需要其他更大样本的研究进一步验证?     

CD117和神经巢蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的  探讨CD117、神经巢蛋白（Nestin）在三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）组织中的表达及临床意义。方法  收集2010年11月-2012年5月于本院手术治疗的乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织病理切片,随机选取其中50例经免疫组织化学染色ER、PR、HER2均为阴性者,设为实验组。另随机选取普通乳腺癌组织50例,设为对照组。通过免疫组织化学方法研究正常实验组和对照组切片组织中CD117、Nestin的表达情况,分析CD117、Nestin在TNBC中的临床意义。结果  实验组CD117、Nestin表达阳性率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论  在TNBC组织中CD117、Nestin的表达显著上调,与TNBC的发生关系密切。

     

中医藏象辨证法辨治三阴性乳腺癌

吴承玉教授创建藏象辨证理论体系,将藏象辨证应用于三阴性乳腺癌的辨治,通过病证结合,从症辨证,明辨病位,详审病性,使复杂难治的三阴性乳腺癌的辨证更为简便、精准。肝、脾、肾是三阴性乳腺癌的重要病位,气滞、痰、瘀、火毒是三阴性乳腺癌的重要病性。运用藏象辨证原理指导三阴性乳腺癌的治疗,病证结合施治,使三阴性乳腺癌的中医治疗更为有效。      

Super-Closeness Between the Ritz Projection and the Finite Element Solution for Some Elliptic Problems

We prove the super-closeness between the finite element solution and the Ritz projection for some second order and fourth order elliptic equations in both the $H^1$and the $L^2$norms. For the fourth order problem, a Ciarlet-Raviart type mixed formulation is used in the analysis. The main tool in the proof is a negative norm estimate of the Ritz projection, which requires $H^{q+1}$ regularity for second order elliptic equations. Therefore, the analysis is done on a domain Ω with smooth boundary, and hence we only consider the pure Neumann boundary problems which can be discretized naturally on such domains, if ignoring the effect of numerical integrals. For the fourth order problem, our results amend the gap between the theoretical estimates and the numerical examples in a previous work [22].