Estimates of global research productivity in virology

The quantity and quality of published research in the field of Virology by different world regions was estimated in this study. Using the PubMed database, articles from journals included in the "Virology" category of the "Journal Citation Reports" database of the Institute for Scientific Information for the period 1995-2003 were retrieved. The world was divided into nine regions based on geographic, economic, and scientific criteria. Data on the country of origin of the research was available for 33,425 out of 33,712 articles (99.2% of all articles from the included journals). USA exceeds all other world regions in research production for the period studied (42% of total articles), with Western Europe ranking second (35.7%). The mean impact factor in articles published in Virology journals was highest for the USA (4.60), while it was 3.90 for Western Europe and 3.22 for the rest of the world (seven regions combined). USA and Canada ranked first in research productivity when both gross national income per capita (GNIPC) and population were taken into account. The results of this analysis show a distressing fact; the absolute and relative production of research in the field of Virology by the developing regions is very low, although viral diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in these areas. It is evident from this study that developing regions need more help from the developed regions to enhance research infrastructure.     

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations

Summary The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n =1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables — which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids — were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.Abbreviations CHD coronary heart disease - MONICA monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease - MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids - P/S ratio ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SFA saturated fatty acids     

CR-lipped bearing is an adequate functional solution to patients with perioperative excessive laxity in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe cruciate retaining lipped (CR-lipped) bearing is designed to provide more anterior-posterior (AP) stability and could be employed to resolve excessive intraoperative laxity during the cruciate retaining TKA (CR-TKA). The aim of the study was to determine whether the CR-lipped bearing in CR-TKAs with a perioperative excessive laxity allows equivalent functional results as compared to the standard CR articulation.MethodsA cohort of 111 TKAs with CR-lipped bearings was matched to a cohort of conventional CR bearings regarding age and sex. The CR-lipped bearing was used in patients with excessive knee AP laxity and the regular CR bearing was used in patients without excessive AP laxity during TKA. Various PROMs (WOMAC, KSS, SF-36) were assessed preoperatively and at 5-years postoperative in combination with revision rate and Range of Motion (ROM).ResultsPROMs did not differ significantly between both groups 5-years postoperatively. Mean ROM (flexion) 5-years postoperatively was not significantly different. The implant survivorship was 100% for both cohorts with revision for any reason as end point.ConclusionBased on these results, the CR-lipped bearing is a safe and effective solution for mild interoperatively assessed PCL laxity during CR-TKA without loss of function or decreased survivorship at 5 years. Peroperative conversion to a PS-TKA in order to obtain satisfactory functional scores might therefore not be necessary when mild PCL laxity is observed during surgery. Further research should focus on verifying this approach and longer follow-up is needed to generate data on long term survivorship.Level of evidenceLevel IV therapeutic, retrospective, cohort study.     

保定市躯体形式障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解保定市躯体形式障碍的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月～2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群，共10073名，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ），以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行躯体形式障碍的诊断。以大体功能量表（GAF）评定患者的心理、社会和职业功能。结果9021人完成调查，躯体形式障碍的时点患病率为0．99%。（95%CI=0．79％～1．20％）．躯体化障碍0．03％、未分化的躯体形式障碍0．24％、疼痛障碍0．56％、疑病症0．18％。女性（1．43％）明显高于男性（0．13％）（P〈0．01）；40～49岁及50～59岁患病率较高（1．84％及1．55％）；与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病49．12％；心理、社会和职业功能受损程度无或轻度50．88％、中度33．33％、重度15．79％；躯体形式障碍就诊精神科门诊为3．51％。结论躯体形式障碍在女性及中年人群（40～59岁）中患病率高，与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病常见．其精神科服务利用率低。     

广东省湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染调查

目的了解湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染现状。方法随机采集村民新鲜粪便，用直接涂片法及饱和盐水浮聚法检查虫卵，用盐酸左旋咪唑驱虫法检查感染钩虫种类。结果粪检190人，虫卵阳性78人，总感染率为41．1％。检出3种肠道蠕虫卵，其中钩虫感染率25．8％，蛔虫感染率12．1％，鞭虫感染率10．5％，有2种或3种虫卵阳性率为6．8％；不同地点各虫感染率不同；钩虫以50—70岁人群感染率较高，蛔虫、鞭虫以20岁以下人群常见；女性的钩虫感染率明显高于男性。药物驱虫后检获有十二指肠钩虫成虫、美洲钩虫成虫及雄性蛔虫，其中，十二指肠钩虫占钩虫比例87．4％，美洲钩虫占钩虫比例12．6％。结论湛江市农村人群感染蛔虫、鞭虫及钩虫常见，其中以钩虫感染最为严重。钩虫感染率较高与旱作生产生活方式密切相关。十二指肠钩虫在该地钩虫流行中占了重要地位。     

湛江市城区7-12岁小学生社交恐惧症流行病学现状调查

目的:了解湛江市儿童社交恐惧症(Social anxiety disorder of childhood,SADC)的患病现况。方法:采取随机、分层、整群抽样的调查方法,使用中文修订版儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)调查湛江市2409名小学生,对量表分大于2倍均数标准差的儿童进行面谈,依照中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版(CCMD-3)的标准进行诊断。结果:湛江市儿童社交恐惧症患病率为2·74%。男、女生患病率分别为2·6%和2·9%,差异无显著性(χ2=0·11,P=0·744);各年级患病率在1·76%~4·32%之间,差异无显著性(χ2=5·47,P=0·361)。结论:湛江市儿童社交恐惧症患病率较高,应引起老师、家长及有关部门的重视。     

陕西、青海、新疆三省(区)部分人群庚型肝炎病毒血清学调查

目的：调查陕西、青海、新疆三省（区）部分人群庚型肝炎病毒（HGV／GBV）血清学特征。方法：采用ELISA方法，共调查三省（区）1469份血清中GBV－IgG抗体。结果：少数民族血清GBV－IgG抗体的阳性率（藏族4．11％，蒙古族5．36％，维吾尔族4．55％，回族4．00％）略高于汉族（1．36％－1．73％），但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；吸毒人群GBV－IgG阳性率（11．30％，34／301）明显高于正常人群（2．44％，18／736），（P＜0．01）；献血员GBV－IgG阳性率为1．02％－7．68％。结论：三省区民族间GBV－IgG抗体阳性差异无显著性，血源性传播是其重要途径，应加强对献血员及吸毒人员的监管。     

安徽省有焦虑症状大学生的社会人口特征及社会心理分析

目的:了解安徽省大学生焦虑症状流行状况及其社会人口和社会心理影响因素。方法:对所有省属高校按专业分层,以校为整群抽样(每专业1校),抽取该校在校生的15%。采用无记名问卷调查,共获得有效问卷4178份。调查工具包括焦虑自评问卷(SAS)和青少年负性生活事件量表(ASLEC)。结果:6.94%的大学生存在焦虑,其中男生7.22%,女生为6.35%。理工学生焦虑检出率最高(10.08%),西医学生最低(3.59%)。卡方检验显示焦虑症状与社会人口特征中的出生地、年级、学习成绩、专业及父亲学历有关;与社会心理因素中的生活事件与生活经历,家庭环境中的大部分特征都有统计意义的相关性。多元逐步回归模型进一步发现焦虑症状受社会人口特征中理工类专业(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.30～2.41)和成绩差(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.09～1.93)的显著影响,同时也受社会心理因素中的负性生活事件(OR=4.76,95%CI:3.36～6.77)、消极社会经历(OR=3.35,95%CI:2.43～4.62)以及家庭环境特征中的亲密度(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49～0.85)和情感表达(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.54～0.94)的显著影响。结论:大学生焦虑症状受社会人口特征及社会心理各方面的综合影响,大学生焦虑症状的预防需家庭、学校和社会的共同参与和促进。     

Survey of recognition and utilization of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma in Japan

BACKGROUND: In Japan in 1993, the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA) developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma (JGL), which were based on the concept that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. METHODS: This survey study was intended to investigate the recognition and utilization of JGL among physicians who had treated asthma. The survey comprised two methods: a quantitative mail survey and a qualitative door-to-door survey conducted by trained interviewers. RESULTS: In the mail survey, a total of 1028 physicians responded; 552 members of the JSA and 476 nonmembers. Ninety-four percent of JSA members were aware of adult asthma management guidelines, while 53% of nonmembers were aware of them. Although approximately half of the physicians, both members and nonmembers, found differences between the asthma management policies in JGL and their previous policies, most of them utilized JGL once they read it. In the qualitative door-to-door survey, 80-90% of physicians evaluated JGL as good after they read it. CONCLUSIONS: JGL was recognized and utilized by most JSA members, but only half of nonmember physicians were aware of JGL, although they utilized JGL after they read it. Further action to implement JGL among nonspecialist physicians is needed to improve management of asthma.     

糖尿病患者心理健康状况的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素。方法对山西省4个地区8个调查点的2132名城乡居民，其中包括139名糖尿病患者，进行问卷调查，了解其一般情况以及情绪状况、社会支持等社会心理因素。结果单因素分析发现，糖尿病患者的焦虑情绪高于非糖尿病者，对社会支持中的家庭资源的利用也不及非糖尿病者；多因素发现，影响糖尿病患者心理健康状况的因素有地区、性别、年龄、经济收入、焦虑以及抑郁等；结论糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素既涉及地区、性别、年龄、经济收入等一般状况，也与患者的情绪障碍的社会支持有密切关系。临床应根据不同的影响因素进行有效牙心理干预。