1932例拔牙后出血临床分析

目的 探讨拔牙后出血的原因及急诊处理的方法。方法 回顾性分析1932例拔牙后出血急诊患者的出血原因及处理方法。结果 本组病例病因主要有软组织撕裂350例（18．1％）,高血压340例（17．6％）,牙槽窝内残留性肉芽组织及残留牙根270例（14％）,其它972例。经口腔科急诊处理治愈1810例（93．7％）,122例转入内科及血液科,其中120例痊愈,2例死亡。结论 拔牙后出血为口腔科常见的并发症,对其应以预防为主,急诊处理时应兼顾局部与全身,必要时会同内科医生进一步检查,明确病因,进行治疗。     

纳络酮治疗急性心肌梗塞并心源性休克18例临床观察

目的：了解纳络酮在心急性心肌梗塞（AMI）并心源性休克中的作用及对其预后的影响。方法：收集我院近4年来AMI并发心源性休克的患者35例,随机分普通组17例和纳络酮组18例进行救治,结果：常规组有效率为29．4％,纳络酮组有效率为61．1％,经x^2检验,P＜0．05,有显著性差异,结论：AMI并心源性休克在无条件实施急诊血运重建术的医院,在常规治疗的基础上加用纳络酮治疗,可显著提高有效率,降低死亡率。     

大鼠全胰十二指肠移植术并发症的分析及预防

目的 :探讨建立稳定的大鼠全胰十二指肠移植模型。方法 :采用大鼠全胰十二指肠移植肠道引流术式进行移植手术 50例 ,对术中及术后发生并发症及死亡的 12只大鼠进行解剖 ,分析其死亡原因。结果 :在前 2 5例中 ,由于并发症在 1周内死亡的大鼠 10只 ,存活率为 60 % ;在后 2 5例中 ,对手术操作加以改进 ,有效地防止了并发症的发生 ,1周内死亡 2只 ,存活率达 92 %。结论 :术中及术后发生的并发症多与手术操作有关     

21例妊高征并发心衰的临床分析

为探讨妊高征并发心功能不全的诱发原因及防治措施,将21例妊高征性心脏病患者的孕期保健、发病孕周及治疗经过等情况进行比较分析,结果显示孕产期保健差,妊高征治疗不当是发生心衰的诱因;对于妊高征患者,多观察心肺情况,可能预防发生心功能不全;心衰发生后,使用扩血管药的同时用西地兰强心效果较好.     

人工机械瓣膜替换术后早期并发症分析

1987年1月至2000年4月,共施行人工机械瓣膜替换手术700例,其中二尖瓣替换术398例,主动脉瓣替换术81例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣替换术213例,三尖瓣替换术8例.158例患者术中和术后早期发生并发症,发生率为22.6%,死亡44例,死亡率6.3%.死亡原因主要为低心排出量综合征、严重感染和心律失常等.     

机械吻合与手工吻合在食管外科中并发症的对比分析

目的　评价机械吻合在食管外科中的应用价值。方法　选择我院 1984～ 1994年间行食管癌、贲门癌切除术病例 ,比较机械吻合和手工吻合组术后与吻合技术相关的并发症的发生率。结果　机械吻合组平均手术时间、术后平均住院日均较手工组缩短 ;吻合口瘘、吻合口出血及死亡率 ,机械吻合组分别为 3.3%、0 .7%和 3% ;手工吻合组分别为 7.2 %、1.3%和 4.6 % ;轻、中、重度吻合口狭窄 ,机械吻合组分别为 2 .3%、2 .6 %和 0 .9% ,手工吻合组分别为 3%、4.5 %和 1.5 %。结论　机械吻合能有效降低术后并发症发生率 ,临床效果优于手工吻合。     

Principles of cancer treatment by radiotherapy

Radiotherapy (or radiation therapy) uses ionizing radiation to selectively kill cancer cells, especially for solid tumours. Like surgery, it is meant to be a ‘local’ treatment, although its beneficial systemic effects are being discovered. It is most commonly used in addition to surgery (adjuvant, e.g. breast), but its role in the neoadjuvant setting in combination with chemotherapy for some cancers (e.g. rectum) is also established. In early stages of cancer, it can be the definitive treatment, avoiding surgery and enabling organ preservation (e.g. larynx), while in late stages, it can provide excellent palliation (e.g. bone metastasis). Radiotherapy can be delivered at various energy levels (kiloVolts, megaVolts), with various subatomic particles (e.g. electrons, protons, and high-energy electromagnetic radiation). The traditional bulky equipment (e.g. linear accelerator) needs to be housed in an underground bunker and uses complex imaging to improve precision and avoid radiation to normal tissues. Fractionated regimens spanning several days reduce individual doses. Modern techniques using mobile devices (e.g. TARGIT-IORT) can deliver radiotherapy during surgery with the highest precision and immediacy.     

Closed Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BackgroundPersistent wound drainage after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) increases the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) decreases infections in traumatic wounds, but evidence for its use after elective TJA is limited. The purpose of this meta-analysis of level I studies is to determine the effect of ciNPWT on risk of SSI and wound complications following TJA.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing ciNPWT vs standard dressings after total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Studies exclusively involving THA for femoral neck fractures were excluded. Risk of SSI and noninfectious wound complications (blisters, seroma, hematoma, persistent drainage, dehiscence, and wound edge necrosis) following TJA were analyzed.ResultsSSI risk was lower with ciNPWT compared to standard dressings (3.4% vs 7%; relative risk [RR] 0.48, P = .007), specifically in revision THA and TKA (4.1% vs 10.5%; RR 0.41, P = .03). ciNPWT increased the noninfectious complication risk after primary TKA (RR 4.71, P < .0001), especially causing wound blistering (RR 12.66, P < .0001). ciNPWT decreased hospital length of stay by 0.73 days (P = .04) and reoperation rate (RR 0.28, P = .01).ConclusionciNPWT decreases SSI risk compared to standard dressings after revision TJA, but not primary TJA. ciNPWT is associated with >12-fold increased risk of wound blistering after primary TKA. ciNPWT plays a role in revision TJA management, but additional randomized controlled trials with uniform wound assessment methods must be performed to sufficiently power findings and draw conclusions on the use of ciNPWT after primary TJA.     

Cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery treated with remote ischaemic preconditioning: 1-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial

Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces the risk of myocardial injury within 4 days of hip fracture surgery. We aimed to investigate the effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after hip fracture surgery. We performed a phase-2, multicentre, randomised, observer-blinded, clinical trial between February 2015 and September 2017. We studied patients aged ≥ 45 years with a hip fracture and a minimum of one cardiovascular risk factor. Patients were allocated randomly to remote ischaemic preconditioning applied just before surgery or no treatment (control group). Remote ischaemic preconditioning was performed on the upper arm with a tourniquet in four cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year of surgery. A total of 316 patients were allocated randomly to the remote ischaemic preconditioning group and 309 patients to the control group. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 43 patients (13.6%) in the remote ischaemic preconditioning group compared with 51 patients (16.5%) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) 0.83 (0.55–1.25); p = 0.37). Fewer patients in the remote ischaemic preconditioning group had a myocardial infarction (11 (3.5%) vs. 22 (7.1%); hazard ratio (95%CI) 0.48 (CI 0.23–1.00); p = 0.04). Remote ischaemic preconditioning did not reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year of hip fracture surgery. The effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on clinical cardiovascular outcomes in non-cardiac surgery needs confirmation in appropriately powered randomised clinical trials.     

经椎间孔入路全内镜下腰椎椎体间融合技术研究进展

经椎间孔入路全内镜下腰椎椎体间融合术（full endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion）近年来在微创脊柱外科领域获得广泛应用,本文简要介绍该术式的发展历史、技术要点、适应证、疗效以及并发症。笔者认为经椎间孔入路全内镜下腰椎椎体间融合术具有与传统手术同样的临床效果,并且能够有效减少组织损伤和术中出血、降低术后腰背痛的发生率、缩短术后下床活动时间及平均住院日,但仍需完善远期随访,以进一步评估该术式的有效性和安全性。