脑膜病理检查在疑似脑膜转移癌患者中的应用研究

目的探讨脑膜病理检查在疑似脑膜转移癌患者中的价值。方法回顾性分析该院2019年3月—2020年07月收治的20例初诊为脑膜转移癌的患者,在为其行脑室腹腔分流(VP)、Ommaya囊植入和脑室外引流术时取脑膜组织行病理检查。结果该组20例患者中共有15例患者的脑膜病理活检为异常,阳性率为75%,其中13例为脑膜转移瘤,另2例分别为胶质母细胞瘤和结核性脑膜炎。所有患者均无取标本带来的相关并发症。结论脑膜病理检查能提高脑膜转移癌的确诊率,为实施精准放疗和个性化化疗提供依据,是一种简单、安全并且能够确诊脑膜转移癌的重要方法。[国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2021, 48(2):154-158]     

伴IgG4阳性浆细胞数量增多的脑膜Rosai-Dorfman病临床病理特点分析

目的 探讨脑膜Rosai-Dorfman病临床病理特点.方法 选取大连医科大学附属第二医院神经外科脑膜原发性伴IgG4阳性浆细胞增多的Rosai-Dorfman病1例,手术治疗,切除病变组织,分析其病理学特点.结果 脑膜局限性增厚、纤维化,肿瘤组织呈“明暗相间”的病理特点,较多淋巴细胞及多量浆细胞浸润,局部淋巴滤泡形成,并见组织细胞吞噬完整的淋巴细胞及浆细胞(即淋巴细胞伸入现象),未见席纹状纤维化、闭塞性静脉炎及嗜酸性粒细胞浸润.肿瘤组织边缘呈推挤性生长,压迫周边脑组织,周边脑组织血管周围见淋巴细胞及组织细胞套袖.应用免疫组化染色显示:组织细胞CD68及S-100阳性;IgG4阳性浆细胞数量为30个/HPF,IgG4阳性浆细胞/IgG阳性浆细胞为60％.MRI示右侧额部异常信号影,呈宽基底与邻近脑膜相连,可见硬膜尾征,邻近脑实质呈受压推挤状态,周围可见少量脑水肿影,病变范围14 mm×23 mm×16 mm,T1WI呈低信号,其内混杂高信号,T2WI呈中高信号,其内混杂少许低信号,增强扫描呈均匀强化.结论 脑膜的Rosai-Dorfman病是少见病变,需要与多种疾病鉴别,其诊断具有挑战性,并且此例伴随IgG4阳性浆细胞增多及IgG4阳性浆细胞/IgG阳性浆细胞为60％,具有IgG4相关性疾病的一个组织学特征(即致密淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润),需要结合组织病理、临床及血清学特点综合判断,笔者认为诊断为脑膜Rosai-Dorfman病可能伴有IgG4相关性疾病较为恰当.     

MRI T2WI量化指标评估胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术预后的价值

文题释义：胸椎黄韧带骨化症：是一种病理性的异位骨化,起病隐匿,其病因及发病机制仍不清楚,部分学者认为与遗传、代谢异常、生活环境及退变等因素相关。胸椎黄韧带骨化症是导致胸椎管狭窄的最常见、最重要原因,由于胸脊髓血供较脆弱,当椎管狭窄时可明显影响脊髓血液循环,造成脊髓功能障碍,主要症状表现为下肢的感觉运动障碍。 受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线：就是以假阳性概率为横轴,真阳性为纵轴所组成的坐标图,和受试者在特定刺激条件下由于采用不同的判断标准得出的不同结果画出的曲线。 背景：MRI对于胸脊髓病变具有较高的灵敏性,能够通过脊髓受压的形态及信号强度变化来评估脊髓受损情况,并且对胸椎管狭窄症患者手术预后有提示作用。 目的：分析MRI T2WI量化指标对胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者手术预后的评估价值,并建立预后不良的预测模型,为其预后评估提供参考。 方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月沧州市中心医院87例行胸椎管后壁切除减压术且完成术后随访的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者的临床与影像学资料。根据术后6个月随访时的JOA评分改善率将患者分为预后优良组(改善率≥50%)和预后不良组(改善率<50%)。比较两组患者年龄、性别、病程、JOA评分、骨化物Sato分型、脊髓矢状径残余率、脊髓横截面积、脊髓高信号分布、脊髓信号强度比值、高信号范围、胸椎局部后凸角、后凸角矫正度数、减压节段数以及脑脊液漏变化。单因素分析有显著性差异的指标。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)进行预后分析,纪录曲线下面积及预测界值。多因素Logistic回归分析确定预后不良的独立危险因素,并建立预测模型。 结果与结论：①预后优良组与预后不良组患者病程、JOA评分、脊髓矢状径残余率、脊髓横截面积、脊髓信号强度比值、高信号范围比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②ROC曲线分析显示,上述各指标预测手术预后不良的曲线下面积分别为0.670,0.733,0.647,0.715,0.753和0.765,预测界值分别为13个月、4 分、29.8%、0.25 cm²、1.593和13.64 mm。病程与脊髓矢状径残余率预测价值较低(ROC曲线下面积 < 0.7);JOA评分、脊髓横截面积、脊髓信号强度比值与高信号范围具有中等预测价值(ROC曲线下面积 0.7-0.9)。脊髓信号强度比值联合高信号范围预测预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.791。③多因素Logistic回归分析显示：JOA评分、脊髓横截面积、脊髓信号强度比值联合高信号范围为预后不良的独立危险因素(P < 0.05),并据此建立预测模型,该模型预测预后不良的曲线下面积为0.890,显著高于JOA评分、脊髓横截面积、脊髓信号强度比值联合高信号范围预测的曲线下面积(P < 0.05)。④结果证实,对胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者而言,在MRI量化指标中,脊髓信号强度比值联合高信号范围具有最高的手术预测价值,JOA评分与MRI T2WI量化指标相结合,可更好地预测术后风险。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3354-1228(申沧海) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

真性红细胞增多症转急性髓系白血病1例

真性红细胞增多症是一种以红细胞异常增殖为主的克隆性慢性骨髓增生性疾病。其外周血总容量绝对增多,血液黏滞度增高,常伴白细胞和血小板升高,脾大,病程中可有出血、血栓形成等并发症。多转归为骨髓纤维化,少部分直接转化为急性白血病。我院2011年1月收治1例真性红细胞增多症治疗     

Migraine,a result of increased CSF pressure: A new pathophysiological concept (preliminary report)

Summary Clinical and neuroradiological evaluation of 40 adult patients, suffering from migraine-type headache, produced evidence of a relationship between migraine, increased CSF pressure in the posterior fossa and cerebellar herniation. These findings have led to an alternative pathophysiological concept of migraine. A disturbance of CSF circulation is thought to be the underlying factor, which causes increased pressure in the basal cisterns and posterior fossa. This results in headache, acquired cerebellar herniation and, in severe cases, spasm of the vertebral arteries with subsequent cerebral ischemia. There seems to be no essential difference in pathophysiology between common and classic migraine.     

Effect of tertiary amine on the carbodiimide-mediated peptide synthesis

The effect of tertiary amine (DIEA) on reaction rate and product purity of a carbodiimide/HOBt-mediated peptide synthesis was studied. It was found that very rapid activation can be achieved using carbodiimide/HOBt in non-polar solvents, such as DCM. Although the HOBt is poorly soluble in DCM, the activation proceeds within 2 min, probably forming the HOBt-ester. By such a preactivation followed by a coupling in the presence of DIEA the rate of coupling is comparable with other rapid methods using BOP or TBTU, and no racemization was found in a model coupling (< 0.1%). For comparison, syntheses of neurotensin by means of different coupling reagents (BOP, TBTU, OPfp-esters) and the DIEA-catalyzed coupling after carbodiimide/HOBt-activation under comparable conditions have shown that these procedures are of the same value in view of coupling efficiency and product purity.     

Irreversibility of birth-related changes in the pulmonary circulation

We hypothesized that establishing conditions of hypoxia and fluid filling of the airways in lungs of newborns would reproduce the high levels of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) observed in the fetal state. We assessed the hemodynamics of the left pulmonary circulation of 1-to 3-day-old lambs during a variety of airway states while attempting to reestablish fetal conditions. Eleven animals were studied during both normoxemia and hypoxemia in a baseline airway state with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 4 cm H₂O, and in experimental airway states, of atelectasis, and fluid filling to 15 and 30 mL/kg and with PEEP of 12 cm HO. PVR increased while pulmonary blood flow decreased with all airway state changes as compared to baseline, suggesting a passive mechanism for these changes. With the addition of hypoxemia there was a further increase in PVR in all states accompanied by an increase in pulmonary blood flow, indicating that active vasoconstriction was responsible for the increase in PVR. The combined effects of hypoxemia and fluid filling, designed to approximate the fetal state, increased PVR to only 20–30% of fetal values. Thus, additional factors appear to be important in maintaining the high PVR of the fetal state. We speculate that ventilation of the lungs at birth irreversibly alters these factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:368–373. ©1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.