人精浆中性α-1,4-糖苷酶活性与精子透明质酸酶活性的关系

目的 探讨人精浆中性α-1,4-糖苷酶(中性α-1,4-G)活性与精子透明质酸酶(HYD)活性(HYD阳性反应率及HYD活性强度)的关系.方法 收集年龄24～40岁不育男性精液38例,正常对照12例,根据精浆中性α-1,4-G活性检测结果分为2组:精浆中性α-1,4-G活性正常组(26例)和精浆中性(α-1,4-G活性异常组(12例).24～40岁正常生育男性精液12例作为对照组.用检测盒测定中性α-1,4-G活性,用改良固定底物膜法分别检测精子顶体内HYD阳性反应率及HYD活性强度.结果 不育各组中的精浆中性α-1,4-G活性和精子HYD活性(HYD阳性反应率、HYD活性强度)均显著低于正常生育组(P<0.01).精浆中性α-1,4-G活性与HYD活性(HYD阳性反应率、HYD活性强度)呈显著正相关(r=0.877,r=0.910;P<0.01).结论 精浆中性α-1,4-G活性对精子HYD活性(HYD阳性反应率、HYD活性强度)有明显影响.     

Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast

In contrast to the female breast the male breast has gained much less attention by aesthetic surgery and cosmetic dermatology. In this review a focus on minimally invasive procedures to correct aesthetic problems of male breast are discussed. The major indications are gynecomastia, breast asymmetry, and body sculpturing. Minor surgery, laser lipolysis, dermal filler and cell-assisted lipotransfer are among the most promising techniques available.     

Nicolau syndrome due to hyaluronic acid injections

Six cases of vascular compromise after hyaluronic injection are reported. Clinical symptoms realized a Nicolau syndrome, which is characterized by immediate pain, livedoid pattern and a few days later by the appearance of scabs and skin necrosis. This type of complication is rare, but may be dramatic and injectors must be aware of that. A thorough knowledge of facial anatomy is mandatory to avoid the risky facial areas. The use of a flexible cannula instead of a sharp needle has much less risk of hurting vessels and must be preferred. The support of the patient is discussed and a treatment protocol is proposed.     

Topical hyaluronidase decreases hyaluronic acid and CD44 in human skin and in reconstituted human epidermis: evidence that hyaluronidase can permeate the stratum corneum

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix involved in growth, inflammation and wound healing, also contributes to the hydration and plastic properties of skin. Several drug and cosmetic formulations contain HA. We have initiated investigations that explore whether it is possible, by topical application, to modulate endogenous HA levels in skin. We developed a model epidermal culture system that exhibited a differentiated stratum corneum, and expressed HA and the HA receptor CD44, in a pattern similar to that observed in intact skin. Such in vitro skin equivalents are useful models for investigating the effect of topical drugs. HA and bacterial hyaluronidase were applied to the in vitro skin equivalent and to human skin. Their effects on endogenous HA and CD44 expression were examined using histochemical analysis. Topical HA treatment had no significant effect on HA or CD44 expression in either system. However, hyaluronidase decreased HA and CD44 expression in a dose-dependent manner in both the epidermal culture system and in skin. Apparently, HA is not able to permeate the epidermal culture system or human skin to a significant degree, but bacterial hyaluronidase does permeate both human skin and the culture system, depleting HA and decreasing CD44 expression. These effects were more prominent in the dermal than in the epidermal layers, suggesting that marked differences in HA metabolism exist in these two skin compartments. The ability of hyaluronidase to permeate the stratum corneum suggests that topical application may, additionally, be useful as a clinical modality.     

Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Practices of United States Hospices

In hospice organizations, continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI) is a common medication delivery modality for pain management. Nonetheless, little is known regarding the practices of hospice organizations in their utilization of this technique. We surveyed 3,930 hospice organizations to describe indication, diluents, medications, and other variable factors associated with CSI utilization. Of the 3,930 surveys sent, 907 were returned, yielding a response rate of 24%. Seventy-three percent of hospice organizations surveyed indicated they utilized CSI. The average daily census (ADC) of these hospices was 38.6 ± 61.0. The most common indication for CSI use was palliative management (95%). The most common medication used in CSI was morphine sulfate (97%). These results indicate that CSI utilization may be widespread in hospices and further study regarding this delivery system is warranted.     

纤溶酶联合透明质酸酶最佳组合诱导玻璃体后脱离的研究

目的 探讨纤溶酶联合透明质酸酶诱导大鼠玻璃体后脱离(posterior vitreous detachment,PVD)的有效性和安全性,确定纤溶酶和透明质酸酶联合应用的最佳浓度,为下一步进行药物玻璃体溶解术后白内障动物模型的药物剂量选择提供依据.方法 健康SD大鼠18只随机分为A、B、c 3组,每组6只,右眼均为实验眼,左眼为对照眼.A组实验眼玻璃体内注射纤溶酶0.15 U+透明质酸酶5 U,B组注射纤溶酶0.25 U+透明质酸酶5 U,C组注射纤溶酶0.50 U+透明质酸酶5 U,左眼玻璃体内均注射眼用平衡盐液10 μL.注药前后常规行裂隙灯、直接眼底镜检查观察眼部一般情况,7 d后处死动物并摘取眼球标本做扫描电子显微镜检查和组织病理切片检查,观察玻璃体视网膜内界膜和视网膜组织结构的情况.结果 各组实验眼裂隙灯检查均未发现明显眼内炎症反应.扫描电子显微镜结果显示,各组实验眼均有不同程度PVD的发生,其中A组出现部分性PVD占5/6,完全性PVD占1/6;B组出现部分性PVD占1/3,完全性PVD占2/3;C组均出现完全性PVD,发生率为100%;对照眼均未见PVD发生.A、B、C 3组实验眼出现完全性PVD的总发生率为61.1%(11/18),与3组对照眼(0/18)相比,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.001).C组实验眼出现完全性PVD的发生率为100%(6/6)与A组实验眼16.67%(1/6)比较,差异也有统计学意义(P=0.015).光学显微镜检查各组注射眼均未发现视网膜组织结构的异常改变.结论 玻璃体内联合注射0.50 U纤溶酶和5 U透明质酸酶诱导玻璃体液化和完全性PVD发生的效果最好,对眼内组织无明显的毒性作用.     

Management of noninflammatory nodule in chin after a large volume bolus injection of hyaluronic acid filler

As most Asian women desire to have an “inverted triangle” appearance for face, there is an increasing trend to give a large volume bolus (LVB) injection in the submental region of the chin for its lengthening. Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are very popular for facial contouring and reshaping, including the chin area. Filler injection in the submental area has been a popular method to lengthen the chin. Placing an LVB of HA filler material at one place can present as the formation of lump or nodule after injection. We present a case of formation of a nodule in the submental area after injection of a single LVB of filler. The nodule was injected with hyaluronidase 3 months after its formation, and a near‐complete resolution was seen immediately. Complete disappearance of the nodule was found at follow‐up after 10 days. LVB of HA filler can give rise to the formation of noninflammatory nodules after filler injection in the immediate post‐injection period. Knowledge of the type of filler material and presenting features can help in instituting the correct line of treatment for the resolution of signs and symptoms. Also 0.5 mL of filler can be recommended as maximum size of single LVB, based on the mathematical calculations.     

Structure, distribution and composition of the extracellular matrix of human oocytes and cumulus masses.

The structure, distribution and composition of the extracellular matrix present around the human oocyte and in the cumulus was examined following fixation in the presence of ruthenium red. An extracellular matrix comprising granules and filaments is present in the cumulus layer, in the corona radiata, in the outer pores of the zona pellucida and in the perivitelline space surrounding unfertilized oocytes. In replicate samples, the extracellular matrix comprised filaments which were mostly very long, occasionally cross-connected by shorter filaments, and usually decorated with numerous small granules. Enzymatic digestion with affinity-purified trypsin or Streptomyces hyaluronidase removes the granules and filaments, respectively, at all levels of the oocyte-cumulus complex. These results are interpreted to mean that protein and hyaluronic acid are present in all extracellular compartments of the human oocyte-cumulus complex. The significance of this distribution of hyaluronic acid with respect to the role of sperm hyaluronidase in fertilization is discussed.     

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and hyaluronidase on the formation of blood system reactions

We studied the possibility of modification of hematotropic effects of granulocytic CSF and hyaluronidase. It was found that hyaluronidase in a dose of 20 U/mouse potentiates the specific effect of granulocytic CSF on granulocytopoiesis, while granulocytic CSF potentiates the stimulating effect of the enzyme on the erythroid stem. Functional activity of hemopoiesis precursors, secretion of humoral factors by adherent myelokaryocytes, and serum content of hemopoietins increased under these conditions. Hyaluronidase (100 U/mouse) against the background of treatment with granulocytic CSF leads to uncoupling of proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells and abolishes the mutually activating hematotropic effect of preparations. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 6, pp. 628–633, June, 2008