Inter-ictal assay of peripheral circulating inflammatory mediators in migraine patients under adjunctive cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS): A proof-of-concept study

Objective

To assay peripheral inter-ictal cytokine serum levels and possible relations with non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) responsiveness in migraineurs.

Emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant clonal group A: clonal analysis of Norwegian and Russian E. coli isolates

Strand L, Jenkins A, Grude N, Allum A‐G, Mykland H‐C, Nowrouzian FL, Kristiansen B‐E. Emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant clonal group A: clonal analysis of Norwegian and Russian E. coli isolates. APMIS 2010; 118: 571–77. We describe a study of urinary tract and intestinal isolates of Escherichia coli from Norway and Russia using automated ribotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for clonal group A (CgA) supplemented with phylogrouping, virulence gene profiling and resistance profiling. CgA comprised 19% of the Norwegian UTI isolates from 2001. Two highly multiresistant fluoroquinolone‐resistant CgA isolates were found. Ribotypes clustered into four major and six minor groups (ribogroups). Fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolates and phylogroups A and B1 were associated with ribogroup ^RA. Ribogroup ^RB predominated among Russian UTI isolates and was predominantly phylogroup A and depleted in P‐fimbriae. Ribogroup ^RC predominated among Norwegian UTI isolates and was rich in virulence factors (S‐fimbriae, haemagglutinin and haemolysin) and predominantly phylogroup B2 and D. Ribogroup ^RG was associated with CgA and predominantly phylogroup D. Ribogroups ^RD, ^RE and ^RF had too few members for statistical analysis. The correlation between ribotype and phylogenetic group was not as strong as reported in other studies.     

广西部分贫困地区壮族留守中小学生体育锻炼与心理资本的关联

目的了解广西贫困地区壮族留守中小学生体育锻炼和心理资本状况,并进一步分析两者之间存在的关系。方法对广西4个贫困县846名留守壮族中小学生进行心理资本和体育活动等级的调查,对不同类别体育锻炼和心理资本得分比较采用t检验、单因素方差分析,两者的关系采用Pearson相关分析,体育锻炼与心理资本的影响采用多元线性回归分析进行。结果壮族留守中小学生体育锻炼平均总得分为(13.81±11.11)分;心理资本总体平均得分(3.61±0.61)分。男生在体育锻炼时间、强度、总得分和等级方面均高于女生,差异存在统计学意义(t=10.55、3.65、5.69、4.38,P<0.01)。体育活动各维度与心理资本各维度及总均分均存在显著正相关(P<0.05或0.01)。结论广西贫困地区壮族留守中小学生体育活动和心理资本水平较低,积极体育活动能有效改善贫困地区壮族中小学生的心理资本水平。     

A case-control study of risk factors for intussusception among infants in eastern France after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for intussusception (IS) among infants, including vaccination against rotavirus.MethodsCase-control study with systematic inclusion of all infants aged <1 year with suspected IS admitted to emergency departments in the eastern region of France between 1 April 2008 and 31 March 2012. All cases classed level 1 according to the Brighton classification were matched to 4 hospital controls. Two exposure windows were examined; exposure to the first dose of rotavirus vaccine in the 7 and in the 14 days prior to the occurrence of IS.ResultsA total of 115 cases were matched with 457 controls. The average vaccination coverage rate over the 4 years of study was 8.6%. Rotavirus vaccine was not found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of IS in the 7 days (odds ratio (OR) not calculated; p = 0.99) and in the 14 days after administration of one dose vaccine (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–12.82). Infant formula alone or combined with breastfeeding was associated with an excess risk of IS (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.10–6.79). A history of gastroenteritis within 2 weeks prior to hospitalisation was also associated with an increased risk (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.07–4.67).ConclusionOur study indicates that infant formula alone or combined with breastfeeding is a risk factor for IS. A small, non-significant increase in the risk of IS was observed after rotavirus vaccination, although the low vaccine coverage rate likely precluded detection of a significant increase in risk.     

中医“四大经典”教学方法研究

中医“四大经典”历来是中医教育的核心,有着很强的理论性,它们构建了中医的基本理论框架。本文分析了中医四大经典教学模式的现状;探讨了中医四大经典教学方法改革,并将以问题为基础的学习教学法、案例式教学法、启发式教学方法、易位式教学法、体验式学习、讨论式教学法运用到教学实践中。多种教学方法在四大经典教学中的运用,能让学生较好地置身于最理想的学习环境中,提高学习的主动性、积极性和参与性。因此,教学团队根据不同课程的特点以及教学阶段的具体要求,灵活选用各种教学方法,以扬长补短,取得满意的教学效果。     

Electron delocalization in the S1 and T1 metal-to-ligand charge transfer states of trans-substituted metal quadruply bonded complexes

The singlet S₁ and triplet T₁ photoexcited states of the compounds containing MM quadruple bonds trans-M₂(TⁱPB)₂(O₂CC₆H₄-4-CN)₂, where TⁱPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate and M = Mo (I) or M = W (I^′), and trans-M₂(O₂CMe)₂((N[ⁱ Pr ])₂CC ≡ CC₆H₅)₂, where M = Mo (II) and M = W (II^′), have been investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including femtosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. The singlet states are shown to be delocalized metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states for I and I^′ but localized for II and II^′ involving the cyanobenzoate or amidinate ligands, respectively. The triplet states are MoMoδδ* for both I and II but delocalized ³MLCT for I^′ and localized ³MLCT for II^′. These differences arise from consideration of the relative orbital energies of the M₂δ or M₂δ* and the ligand π^∗ as well as the magnitudes of orbital overlap.     

Molecular Deciphering of the ABO System as a Basis for Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics in ABO Incompatible Transplantation

In recent years ABO incompatible kidney transplantation (KTx) has become a more or less clinical routine procedure with graft and patient survival similar to those of ABO compatible transplants. Antigen-specific immunoadsorption (IA) for anti-A and anti-B antibody removal constitutes in many centers an important part of the treatment protocol. ABO antibody titration by hemagglutination is guiding the treatment; both if the recipient can be transplanted as well as in cases of suspected rejections if antibody removal should be performed. Despite the overall success of ABO incompatible KTx, there is still room for improvements and an extension of the technology to include other solid organs. Based on an increased understanding of the structural complexity and tissue distribution of ABH antigens and the fine epitope specificity of the ABO antibody repertoire, improved IA matrices and ABO antibody diagnostics should be developed. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind accommodation of ABO incompatible renal allografts could make it possible to induce long-term allograft acceptance also in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitized recipients and, perhaps, also make clinical xenotransplantation possible.     

Chronic,Intractable, Benign Pain: A Syndrome and its Treatment with Intensive Short-term Group Psychotherapy

Abstract

There is sufficient reason to classify some ongoing pain problems as syndromes. Patients who suffer with chronic, intractable, benign pain syndromes (CIBPS) have truly functional biopsychosocial disorders. There is no longer any current pathophysiology operative, and the pain syndrome persists with its psychosocially perpetuating and disrupting features. An intense group psychotherapy approach in the therapeutic milieu of a medical-surgical setting fosters and evokes affect expression and understanding. This encourages the formation of cognitive patterns that are therapeutically useful in that they extend coping abilities and, hence, diminish the pain and suffering experience and life problems attendant to it.