妥泰治疗癫痫临床疗效观察

目的：探讨妥泰对各种类型癫痫的疗效及副作用。方法：将32例各种类型的癫痫患者随机分为治疗组、对照组进行疗效对比。结果：治疗组总有效率73．3％,对照组总有效率47．1％,P＜0．01,两组疗效有显著性差异。副反应的发生率治疗组占33．3％,对照组占52．9％,P＜0．05,两组之间亦有显著性差异。结论：妥泰对各种类型的癫痫不仅疗效显著而且出现的副反应相对较少。     

以特色学科为纽带组建集团医院

介绍了复旦大学附属华山医院与多年来合作伙伴、多家企业医院协商,在双方自愿的前提下,组建以神经外科为主,神经内外科、放射科紧密合作,以神经外科作为主要治疗手段的集团医院的具体做法。指出,组建集团医院不仅是数量的发展,更主要的是质量的提高。必须注重内涵建设,注重可持续发展的后劲。与此同时,必须转变观念,正确处理好相关学科之间的关系。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者T细胞亚群测定的临床分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)分期及放疗对免疫与肿瘤复发、转移及肿瘤退缩的相关性.方法每位病人放疗前及放疗后各测定T细胞亚群指标一次.结果早、晚期鼻咽癌放疗前后T细胞亚群相比,除早期鼻咽癌CD3下降无统计学意义外,余CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8下降;CD8升高均有统计学意义,晚期鼻咽癌的改变尤为突出,有极显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).放疗后肿瘤退缩与否的T细胞亚群测定无统计学意义.放疗后肿瘤有复发或转移者CD4、CD4/CD8下降有极显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).CD8升高有统计学意义.结论T细胞亚群指标的测定,对鼻咽癌患者的免疫功能状况,放疗对免疫功能的影响,对鼻咽癌放疗后复发及转移的可能性判断均有一定的临床意义.     

Peer mentoring reduces unplanned readmissions and improves self-efficacy following inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury

ObjectiveEvaluate effectiveness of peer interventions on self-efficacy, unplanned hospital readmissions, and quality of life for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.DesignInterrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) examined effects of peer interventions on unplanned readmissions. Intervention variables added to ITSA regression examined relationships with exposure to peer interventions. Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) analysis examined differences in intervention effectiveness for patients with quadriplegia and paraplegia.SettingRehabilitation hospital specializing in SCI and brain injury.ParticipantsSCI inpatients (n = 1117) admitted for rehabilitation whose discharge location was home (77% male, 71% Caucasian, mean age 38.2 (SD 16.8)). A subsample of 799 patients participated in secondary analyses examining relationship between peer interventions, readmissions, changes in patient-reported outcomes, and HTE.InterventionsOne-to-one mentoring and participation in peer-led self-management classes.Main outcome measuresUnplanned readmissions, general self-efficacy (GSE), and depressive symptoms 30, 90, and 180 days post discharge; satisfaction with life at 180 days.ResultsAfter implementing the peer interventions, we observed a significant decrease in both level and slope of number of patients readmitted, and level only of unplanned hospital days 30-days post-discharge. Reduction in the number of patients and unplanned hospital days was associated with number of peer visits but not peer-led education classes attended. Higher self-efficacy (GSE) was associated with greater exposure to peer mentoring, and a significant relationship between improvement in GSE and reduced hospital readmissions was observed.ConclusionsOne-to-one peer mentoring improves self-efficacy and reduces unplanned hospital readmissions following inpatient rehabilitation for persons with SCI.     

Physician trajectories of abandoning long‐course breast radiotherapy and their cost impact

ObjectiveTo examine variation in trajectories of abandoning conventionally fractionated whole‐breast irradiation (CF‐WBI) for adjuvant breast radiotherapy among physician peer groups and the associated cost implications.Data SourcesMedicare claims data were obtained from the Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse for fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with breast cancer in 2011‐2014.Study DesignWe used social network methods to identify peer groups of physicians that shared patients. For each physician peer group in each time period (T1 = 2011‐2012 and T2 = 2013‐2014), we calculated a risk‐adjusted rate of CF‐WBI use among eligible women, after adjusting for patient clinical characteristics. We applied a latent class growth analysis to these risk‐adjusted rates to identify distinct trajectories of CF‐WBI use among physician peer groups. We further estimated potential savings to the Medicare program by accelerating abandonment of CF‐WBI in T2 using a simulation model.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsUse of conventionally fractionated whole‐breast irradiation was determined from Medicare claims among women ≥ 66 years of age who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery.Principal FindingsAmong 215 physician peer groups caring for 16 988 patients, there were four distinct trajectories of abandoning CF‐WBI: (a) persistent high use (mean risk‐adjusted utilization rate: T1 = 94.3%, T2 = 90.6%); (b) decreased high use (T1 = 81.3%, T2 = 65.3%); (c) decreased medium use (T1 = 60.1%, T2 = 44.0%); and (d) decreased low use (T1 = 31.6%, T2 = 23.6%). Peer groups with a smaller proportion of patients treated at free‐standing radiation facilities and a larger proportion of physicians that were surgeons tended to follow trajectories with lower use of CF‐WBI. If all physician peer groups had practice patterns in T2 similar to those in the “decreased low use” trajectory, the Medicare program could save $83.3 million (95% confidence interval: $58.5 million‐$112.2 million).ConclusionsPhysician peer groups had distinct trajectories of abandoning CF‐WBI. Physician composition and setting of radiotherapy were associated with the different trajectories. Distinct practice patterns across the trajectories had important cost implications.     

Effects of participatory workplace improvement program on stress-related biomarkers and self-reported stress among university hospital nurses: a preliminary study

Although participatory workplace improvement programs are known to provide favorable effects on high stress occupations like nursing, no studies have confirmed its effect using biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether a participatory workplace improvement program would decrease stress-related symptoms as evaluated by biomarkers and self-reported stress among hospital nurses. Three actions to alleviate job stress, which were determined through focus group interviews and voting, were undertaken for two months. A total of 31 female Japanese nurses underwent measurement of inflammatory markers, autonomic nervous activity (ANA), and perceived job stress (PJS) at three-time points; before the program (T1), within a week after the completion of the program (T2), and three months after the program (T3). A series of inflammatory markers (Interferon-γ, Interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12/23p40) decreased significantly at T2, and IL-12/23p40 and IL-15 significantly decreased at T3 compared to T1, while ANA and PJS remained unchanged. Our participatory program exerted beneficial effects in reducing inflammatory responses, but not for ANA and PJS. Further investigations with a better study design, i.e., a randomized controlled trial, and a larger sample size are warranted to determine what exerted beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and why other outcomes remained unchanged.     

Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women,healthcare workers and adults >= 60 years of age in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

BackgroundPregnant women, healthcare workers (HW), and adults >= 60 years have shown an increased vulnerability to seasonal influenza virus infections and/or complications. In 2012, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) initiated a national influenza vaccination program for these target groups. A cost-effectiveness evaluation of this program was undertaken to inform program sustainability.MethodsWe designed a decision-analytical model and collected influenza-related medical resource utilization and cost data, including indirect costs. Model inputs were obtained from medical record abstraction, interviews of patients and staff at hospitals in the national influenza sentinel surveillance system and/or from literature reviews. We compared the annual disease and economic impact of influenza illnesses in each of the target groups in Lao PDR under scenarios of no vaccination and vaccination, and then estimated the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program. We performed sensitivity analyses to identify influential variables.ResultsOverall, the vaccination of pregnant women, HWs, and adults >= 60 years could annually save 11,474 doctor visits, 1,961 days of hospitalizations, 43,027 days of work, and 1,416 life-years due to laboratory-confirmed influenza illness. After comparing the total vaccination program costs of 23.4 billion Kip, to the 18.4 billion Kip saved through vaccination, we estimated the vaccination program to incur a net cost of five billion Kip (599,391 USD) annually. The incremental cost per life-year saved (ICER) was 44 million Kip (5,295 USD) and 6.9 million Kip (825 USD) for pregnant women and adults >= 60 years, respectively. However, vaccinating HWs provided societal cost-savings, returning 2.88 Kip for every single Kip invested. Influenza vaccine effectiveness, attack rate and illness duration were the most influential variables to the model.ConclusionProviding influenza vaccination to HWs in Lao PDR is cost-saving while vaccinating pregnant women and adults >= 60 is cost-effective and highly cost-effective, respectively, per WHO standards.     

How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view

Summary:  Neutrophils constitute the dominant cell in the circulation that mediates the earliest innate immune human responses to infection. The morbidity and mortality from infection rise dramatically in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects, providing clinical confirmation of the important role of normal neutrophils for human health. Neutrophil-dependent anti-microbial activity against ingested microbes represents the collaboration of multiple agents, including those prefabricated during granulocyte development in the bone marrow and those generated de novo following neutrophil activation. Furthermore, neutrophils cooperate with extracellular agents as well as other immune cells to optimally kill and degrade invading microbes. This brief review focuses attention on two examples of the integrated nature of neutrophil-mediated anti-microbial action within the phagosome. The importance and complexity of myeloperoxidase-mediated events illustrate a collaboration of anti-microbial responses that are endogenous to the neutrophil, whereas the synergy between the phagocyte NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and plasma-derived group IIA phospholipase A₂ exemplifies the collective effects of the neutrophil with an exogenous factor to achieve degradation of ingested staphylococci.     

煤的热解研究III.煤中官能团与热解生成物

借助化学分析和ＦＴＩＲ光谱分析对我国煤化程度不同的１８ 种煤中官能团的研究表明：煤中官能团含量与煤化程度有关;煤中羧基、羟基及醚键等其他含氧官能团的含量与热解生成物ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ 和ＣＯ 的产率有关,脂肪—ＣＨ 的含量与甲烷和焦油的产率相关联,芳香—ＣＨ 的含量与热解半焦产率有关。煤的热解生成物主要是煤中官能团的断裂所致。