鼻内镜下低温等离子消融术治疗肥厚性鼻炎临床分析

目的探讨对于肥厚性鼻炎患者采用鼻内镜下低温等离子消融术进行治疗的临床疗效。方法随机将256例肥厚性鼻炎患者分为对照组128例与治疗组128例。对照组采用传统下鼻甲部分切除手术,治疗组采用鼻内镜下低温等离子消融术。对2组疗效进行对比分析。结果治疗组有效率显著优于对照组,术后并发症发生情况显著低于对照组,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论采用鼻内镜下低温等离子消融术治疗肥厚性鼻炎,能显著提高疗效、微创、痛苦较小、术后恢复快及并发症少,有重要临床意义。     

内镜标本端粒酶定量检测对良恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的　为探讨胆胰系统恶性肿瘤组织与端粒酶表达的关系 ,并在术前找出一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。方法　对梗阻性黄疸病例于术前行内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)检查 ,于造影前抽取胆汁或胰液、部分病例取活检组织 ,并于开腹手术当中再次切取癌组织标本 ,所有标本进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,所得数据进行统计学处理。结果　 (1)恶性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 87 5 0 % (2 8/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ;(2 )恶性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 71 88% (2 3/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ,恶性梗阻性黄疸内镜下钳取的活检组织 ,其端粒酶阳性率为 83 33% (10 / 12 )。结论　在术前通过十二指肠镜采集患者的胆汁和胰液 ,并钳取活检组织 ,分别进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,这是一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。     

腔镜甲状腺手术中颈部CO2充气对眼内压的影响

目的 观察腔镜甲状腺手术中颈部CO2充气对患者眼压的影响. 方法 甲状腺手术患者30例,根据手术方式分为腔镜手术组(A组)和开放手术组(B组),每组各15例.测量两组麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后5 min(T1)、颈部CO2充气10 min(T2)、20 min( T3)、40 min( T4)及停止充气10 min(T5)各个时点的眼压及心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)及呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2). 结果 ①两组患者的年龄、手术时间及术前眼压无显著性差异.②两组患者麻醉诱导后(T1)眼压较麻醉前(T0)均有所下降,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).A组患者在颈部充气后眼压呈逐渐上升的趋势,T4时达到最高.手术结束颈部排气10 min后(T5)眼压较T4下降(P＜0.05),仍高于T0.B组患者手术开始后各时点眼压无显著差异(P＞0.05).T2～T5各时点两组间比较有显著性差异,A组均高于B组(P＜0.05).③两组患者HR、MAP的变化无统计学差异(P＞0.05).A组患者在颈部充气20 min、40 min( T3、T4)时PETCO2高于T0(P ＜0.05),T3、T4时A组的PET CO2较B组高(P＜0.05). 结论 腔镜甲状腺手术可导致眼内压显著升高,有发生视力损害的危险.     

鼻内镜下低温等离子射频治疗隐蔽性鼻出血

目的探讨鼻内镜下低温等离子射频治疗隐蔽性鼻出血的疗效。方法2009年1月-2011年2月对67例隐蔽性鼻出血行鼻内镜检查,明确出血部位后,低温等离子射频电凝出血部位。结果67例均明确出血部位,下鼻道穹隆部、嗅裂区、中鼻道和中鼻甲最常见,分别有18、16和14例。所有病例经1—3次低温等离子射频电凝止血或联合前后鼻孔填塞后均彻底止血。结论鼻内镜下低温等离子射频治疗隐蔽性鼻出血效果确切,安全可靠。     

椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗椎间盘退变性腰腿痛

目的探讨椎间孔侧路镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛的临床效果。方法2010-08-2011-11,我科对31例经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛患者实施了椎间孔侧路镜下髓核摘除微创手术。结果 YESS法穿刺15个间盘,TESSYS法穿刺19个间盘。随访3～6个月,平均4.2个月,失访2例。术前术后腰腿痛VAS评分有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后3个月疗效MacNab评定:优17例,良8例,可3例,差1例,优良率86.2%。结论椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛具有更微创、效果良好、恢复快优点,掌握好病例选择是关键。     

内镜下乳头气囊扩张术治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石

目的　探讨经内镜乳头气囊扩张术 (EPBD)治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石的安全性和疗效。方法　对胆囊切除术后出现黄疸或胆管炎的 31例患者 ,利用EPBD结合取石篮、取石球囊或总攻方法 ,使梗阻于胆总管下段的结石排入肠道。结果　 31例患者全部顺利实施EPBD ,共排除结石37颗 ,4例行 2次扩张术 ,术后患者均痊愈出院 ,复查B超无结石残存或胆管扩张。结论　经内镜治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石 ,安全、无创、有效 ,有望成为治疗LC术后胆总管结石的首选方法     

Endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices for prophylaxis of first bleeding in children and adolescents with portal hypertension: preliminary results of a prospective study

Background/purpose

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is effective in controlling rebleeding from esophageal varices in children, but there is no data on the use of EVL to prevent initial bleeding. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of EVL in preventing the first hemorrhage from esophageal varices in children.

Methods

Thirty-seven children with portal hypertension (22 liver cirrhosis, 15 portal vein thrombosis), aged 4 to 17 years (M = 9.5 ± 4.4 years) were included in the study. The criteria for inclusion were (1) no previous variceal bleeding; (2) the presence of esophageal varices classified grade II or more, and (3) their enlargement by at least I grade after 6 months of observation without endoscopic treatment or appearance of endoscopic signs of high bleeding risk. A Multi-Band Ligator was used, and 2 to 6 bands were fixed under general anesthesia during one procedure depending on the number and size of varices. Follow-up examinations were performed every 3 months, repeating the procedure if necessary. In total, 75 procedures of EVL were performed, from one to 5 in each patient

Results

Four patients underwent liver transplantation before eradication of varices. Two others were excluded from the observation because of lack of compliance to the protocol. Of the remaining 31 patients, eradication of varices was achieved in 28 children (90.3%) after 2.0 EVL sessions performed at 3-month intervals. The average time of follow-up after cessation of treatment is 16 months. No bleeding from varices occurred in any child during or after treatment. There were no differences in results between children with liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis. Development of hypertensive gastropathy was observed in 2 children with one episode of bleeding. Recurrence of varices without bleeding occurred in 3 children after 12, 13, and 28 months from eradication.

Conclusions

The study results confirmed that endoscopic variceal ligation is a safe and highly effective procedure in children with portal hypertension, regardless of its etiology. Eradication of esophageal varices was followed by 16 months free of bleeding. Prolonged observation is mandatory to conclude if preventive EVL influences the natural history of disease and diminishes the risk of first bleeding onset.     

Combined endoscopic laser and radiotherapy palliation of advanced rectal cancer

Background : In the palliative treatment of patients with advanced, inoperable rectal cancer, combined endoscopic laser and radiotherapy have been claimed to be more effective than laser therapy alone. The number of laser treatments, laser energy used, relapse rate, treatment of relapse, morbidity and survival in consecutive patients who were treated either by laser therapy alone or laser plus radiotherapy was compared. Methods : Prospective data were analysed with regard to number of treatments, laser energy used, relapse rate, morbidity and survival for 56 consecutive patients. Results : The crude relapse rate was significantly higher in the laser only group than in the laser plus radiotherapy group (58 and 15%, respectively; P = 0.002). There was no difference between the groups in the median total number of laser treatments or the mean total laser energy used. In patients experiencing a relapse, there was no difference in the median number of relapses, the number of laser treatments post‐relapse or the total energy used post‐relapse. Survival did not differ between the groups and there were no treatment‐related deaths. Conclusions : These findings demonstrate a clear reduction in relapse after using combined laser and radiotherapy to palliate patients with advanced rectal cancer with no appreciable additional morbidity and have encouraged continuing use of this treatment.     

Open access endoscopy in rural and remote Western Australia: Does it work?

Background: Access to diagnostic endoscopy is limited in rural and remote Western Australia. Published reports suggest open access referrals may result in over‐servicing, this is reduced by adherence to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines.The aim was to assess whether an out reach surgical service offering open access endoscopy to rural areas was being over utilized. Methods: Prospective data collection from all patients undergoing upper and lower endoscopy procedures between January 1996 and June 2000 were included in the present study. Indications for referral between the general practitioners and the visiting surgeons were reviewed in patient records and assessed for compliance with the ASGE guidelines. The groups were analysed for appropriateness of referrals and frequency of positive pathology investigations. Records for all patients undergoing colonoscopy were reviewed to determine the reason and number of cancelled procedures. Results: A total of 772 endoscopies were performed and 75% were booked as open access services. The referral rate for procedures was greater for general practitioners (583) compared to the visiting surgeons (189), the overall compliance rate for approved indications using the ASGE guidelines for both groups was 92%. There was no significant difference in pathology found between groups. Conclusion: The present study shows that an outreach rural surgical service programme in Western Australia offering open access endoscopy conforms to international guidelines and does not induce unnecessary procedures. Rural patients benefit from a personal cost savings andconvenience. There is an associated reduction in government‐assisted travel costs to larger centres as well as decreased waiting lists.     

层次分析法构建消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量评价指标体系

目的构建消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量评价指标体系,并确立各级指标权重系数。方法对17名专家采用德尔菲法进行2轮函询,并应用层次分析法建立层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵,计算各指标权重并检验其逻辑一致性。结果 2轮函询专家的权威系数分别为0.87、0.86,一级指标协调系数分别为0.32、0.37(均P0.01)。确立的评价体系包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标及36个三级指标,一级指标结构质量、过程质量、结果质量的权重系数分别为0.1396、0.5279、0.3325;各级指标层次单排序及总排序一致性比率均0.10,具有满意的一致性。结论构建的评价指标体系科学可行,各指标权重合理,能为消化内镜微创治疗围术期护理质量管理提供客观、可量化的依据。