应用内镜荧光强度分析法研究溃疡性结肠炎中医证型特征

目的 研究溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)不同中医证型自发荧光成像(auto fluorescence imaging,AFI)内镜下荧光强度［绿/红(the ratio of green to red,G/R比值)］的特征,为UC中医辨证提供客观依据。方法 收集UC患者49例,根据白光内镜(white light endoscopy,WLE)黏膜形态和G/R比值对大肠湿热组(19例)、脾胃气虚组(30例)和健康对照组(21名)进行统计分析。结果 脾胃气虚组和大肠湿热组G/R比值分别为(1.147±0.137)和(0.915±0.114),较健康对照组(1.227±0.137)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中大肠湿热组G/R比值较脾胃气虚组更低(P<0.01)。大肠湿热组活动期内镜活动指数(endoscopic index,EI)以中度（11例）和重度（5例）为主;脾胃气虚组以缓解期（17例）和活动期EI轻度（7例）为主。活动期G/R比值小于缓解期(0.963 vs 1.220,P<0.01),且活动期EI轻、中、重度的G/R比值依次降低,分别为1.044、0.967和0.830(P<0.01)。结论 UC大肠湿热证的炎症程度高于脾胃气虚证。AFI能较好地反映UC的炎症程度。     

Intraoperative endoscopy of the biliary tract

Summary This is a prospective series of 328 operations for biliary stone disease in 326 consecutive patients. The overall operative mortality was 0.6%. Routine operative cholangiography was utilized during cholecystectomy, and this identified 19 patients (5.9%) with silent common bile duct stones. Common bile duct explorations were positive in 62 of 74 operations (83.8%). Biliary endoscopy was routinely performed during bile duct exploration. Unsuspected retained common duct stones were discovered postoperatively in 4.5% of these patients. Biliary endoscopy proved essential in the management of 18 patients with radiographically demonstrated distal bile duct obstruction. With patency confirmed by endoscopy, inappropriate duodenotomy and sphincter ablation were avoided in each of these 18 patients.     

The development and clinical application of microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsies: Endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy

Endoscopies are crucial for detecting and diagnosing diseases in gastroenterology, pulmonology, urology, and other fields. To accurately diagnose diseases, sample biopsies are indispensable and are currently considered the gold standard. However, random 4-quadrant biopsies have sampling errors and time delays. To provide intraoperative real-time microscopic images of suspicious lesions, microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsy has been developed, including endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy. This article reviews recent advances in technology and clinical applications, as well as their shortcomings and future directions.     

Fully automated diagnostic system with artificial intelligence using endocytoscopy to identify the presence of histologic inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis (with video)

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Treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist devices: A comprehensive review

Left ventricular assist devices(LVAD) are increasingly become common as life prolonging therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. Current devices are now used as definitive treatment in some patients given the improved durability of continuous flow pumps. Unfortunately, continuous flow LVADs are fraught with complications such as gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding that are primarily attributed to the formation of arteriovenous malformations. With frequent GI bleeding, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies are usually discontinued increasing the risk of life-threatening events. Small bowel bleeds account for 15%as the source and patients often undergo multiple endoscopic procedures.Treatment strategies include resuscitative measures and endoscopic therapies.Medical treatment is with octreotide. Novel treatment options include thalidomide, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers, estrogen-based hormonal therapies, doxycycline, desmopressin and bevacizumab. Current research has explored the mechanism of frequent GI bleeds in this population, including destruction of von Willebrand factor,upregulation of tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β, and angiopoetin-2, and downregulation of angiopoetin-1. In addition, healthcare resource utilization is only increasing in this patient population with higher admissions, readmissions, blood product utilization, and endoscopy. While some of the novel endoscopic and medical therapies for LVAD bleeds are still in their development stages, these tools will yet be crucial as the number of LVAD placements will likely only increase in the coming years.     

鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下吸切术治疗肥厚性鼻炎疗效分析

目的：分析鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下吸切术治疗肥厚性鼻炎的疗效。方法回顾2012年1月—2013年6月该院收治的100例肥厚性鼻炎患者的临床资料,根据手术方法的不同将患者分成对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用下鼻甲部分切除术治疗,观察组采用鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下成形术治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、粘膜恢复时间、鼻腔通气时间以及术后半年的疗效和并发症发生率。结果两组术中出血量、粘膜恢复时间、鼻腔通气时间以及术后半年的疗效比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且观察组优于对照组,但观察组的手术时间较对照组长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组均无并发症发生。结论采用鼻内镜下下鼻甲粘膜下成形术治疗肥厚性鼻炎,术中出血量和术后并发症少,安全性高,且患者恢复快,临床疗效良好,具有推广应用价值,但手术时间较长,技术上有待提高。     

急诊内镜治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的临床疗效探讨

目的：探讨急诊内镜治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的效果。方法随机选择该院收治的非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者60例,按照内镜治疗时间分为观察组(30例)和对照组(30例),观察组患者给予急诊内镜检查和止血治疗,对照组患者择期进行内镜检查和止血治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果两组患者经内镜检查,均发现出血性病变,均为消化性溃疡检出例数最多。观察组患者总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为73.3%,观察组显著高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者接受急诊内镜治疗,可有效查明消化道出血病因,及时止血,可提高患者止血效果。     

Uso de la cápsula endoscópica en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en práctica clínica en España. Resultados de una encuesta nacional

IntroductionSmall bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique whose use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has spread. A panenteric capsule, PillCam Crohn's (PCC), has recently been developed. We lack information on the availability and use of the CEID and PCC in our environment.MethodsWe conducted an electronic and anonymous survey among the members of the Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) [Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis] and the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología (AEG) [Spanish Association of Gastroenterology], consisting of 37 multiple-choice questions.ResultsOne hundred and fifty members participated, the majority dedicated to IBD (69.3%). 72.8% worked at centres with an IBD unit. 79% had SBCE available at their hospital, 14% referred patients to another centre; 22% had a PCC available, 9% referred patients to another centre. 79.3% of respondents with available SBCE used it in a small percentage of patients with IBD and 15.6% in the majority. The most frequent scenarios were suspicion of Crohn's disease (76.3%), assessment of inflammatory activity (54.7%) and assessment of the extent of the disease (54.7%). More than half (59.7%) preferentially used the Patency capsule to assess intestinal patency. Almost all respondents (99.3%) considered that training resources should be implemented in this technique.ConclusionsSBCE is widely available in Spanish hospitals for the management of IBD, although its use is still limited. There is an opportunity to increase training in this technique, and consequently its use.     

鼻内镜下眶下壁骨折修复方式及材料应用研究进展

眼眶骨折是指外力撞击眼部引起面中部多发骨折的外伤,按骨折性质大致可分为：爆裂性眶壁骨折、复合性眶壁骨折、复杂性眶壁骨折;按部位可分为眶下壁骨折、眶内侧壁骨折、眶下壁和眶内侧壁联合骨折,其中以眶下壁骨折最为常见。随着医学技术的进步与发展,手术修复是目前治疗眶下壁骨折最理想的方法,利用鼻内镜联合传统入路或直接经鼻腔入路手术具有可直视眶壁骨折的部位、直接评估伤情及制定手术方案等优势。本文针对眶下壁骨折的诊断、辅助检查、手术指征、鼻内镜修复眼眶骨折的手术术式、术式的优点和缺点及各种修复材料的特点等内容作一综述。