Comparative studies of chemotherapy of human tumor cells in vitro by tritiated thymidine uptake inhibition and soft agar clonogenic assay

A rapid nonsterile short-term assay has been investigated in which percent inhibition of incorporation of the DNA precursor (3H)-thymidine is measured following exposure of tumor cells to the test drugs. To evaluate the usefulness of the short-term assay in providing a rapid reliable assessment of chemotherapeutic response, the short-term assay was compared with the soft agar clonogenic assay. Sensitivity to five anticancer drugs was compared using three human tumor cell lines (epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity, pancreatic carcinoma, and bladder carcinoma). The short-term assay produced results that were similar to results of the clonogenic assay in two of the three tumors tested, for three drugs (cis-platin, doxorubicin, and BCNU), but did not detect responses to two antimetabolites (5-FU and MTX) in any tumor. Further studies of this short-term assay should focus on alkylating agents and other nonantimetabolites.     

Immune therapy of lupus: what is on the horizon?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease whichhas posed a continuing challenge to scientists and cliniciansof diverse areas of specialization. It serves as a model forthe study of the mechanisms of autoimmunity—providingan important basis for the development of novel targeted therapiesin lupus and related conditions. The pathophysiology of SLE stems from the abnormal clearanceof apoptotic cells and/or endothelial activation. Material fromdying cells such as apoptotic blebs that are not efficientlyremoved may act as antigenic stimuli and lead to the developmentof autoantibodies with consequent formation of immune complexesand an inflammatory response in a variety of organ systems [1].This     

EDTA-induced urothelial cell shedding for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer in the mouse

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intravesical EDTA instillation on the development of intravesically implanted tumor cells in normal mice. METHODS: The mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) model was used in female C3H/eb mice to evaluate the amount of normal urothelial cell shedding, and the degree of tumor growth inhibition following intravesical EDTA instillation in comparison with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) instillation. RESULTS: At 1 h after instillation, the number of urothelial cells aspirated was 500-1000 per PBS-treated mouse and 10,000-20,000 per EDTA-treated mouse (P < 0.00001). The bladder weight, which reflected the effect of the agent on the tumor, was similar in the untreated and PBS-treated mice (105.46 +/- 46 mg and 106.2 +/- 50 mg, respectively). It was significantly lower in the EDTA-treated mice (80.4 +/- 42 mg) (P = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical administration of EDTA results in significant normal and neoplastic urothelial cell shedding. Intravesical irrigation with EDTA may prevent adherence of the malignant cells to the bladder wall following tumor resection.     

特异性荧光偏振免疫法监测521例肾移植后环孢素A全血浓度3275次

目的通过监测肾移植后病人环孢素A(CsA)全血浓度 ,提出CsA在三联免疫抑制用药方案中的理想治疗窗。方法用特异性荧光偏振免疫法测定CsA全血浓度 ,对521例病人监测3275次 ,按术后时间及临床表现分组比较。结果肾移植后<1 ,、1～3、3～6、6～12个月、1～2和>2年的CsA全血谷浓度的理想治疗窗应分别为250～450、200～400、150～300、100～250、100～200和100～180μg/L。结论CsA全血浓度在上述范围内 ,中毒反应和排异反应明显减少     

解磷注射液救治急性有机磷农药中毒34例临床报告

将急性有机磷农药中毒患者69例随机分为2组,一组主要应用解磷注射液治疗(新疗法34例),另一组(35例)主要应用阿托品治疗。两组治愈率分别为97.1％及77.1％,疗效比较差异显著(P<0.05)。新疗法的优点是起效快,作用持久,疗程短(两组比较P<0.001),副反应轻,值得推广应用。并就应用方法及注意事项等作了探讨,也强调了早期足量用药的重要性。     

121例重症恶性疟疾的临床抢救

目的重症恶性疟疾病情重，变化快，并发症多，患者若抢救不及时常可导致死亡，为观察疗效，总结121例重症恶性疟患者的临床抢救情况。方法用国产青蒿琥酯、蒿甲醚和法国产Quinimax配合一系列综合治疗。结果抢救121例重症恶性疟疾患者，共治愈103例（85．1％），死亡18例（14．9％）。结论早期诊断，积极预防并发症是降低死亡率的主要环节。     

四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿

目的:探讨四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿的临床特征和治疗方法。方法:对11例四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿进行了回顾性总结分析。所采用的手术方法有:①脑室分流手术;②囊肿-腹腔分流术;③囊肿切除;④囊肿切除加囊肿-脑池分流术,或囊肿部分切除(即囊肿开窗术),或囊肿切除加脑室-脑池分流术。结果:其主要临床表现以颅内压增高症和中线综合征为主。上述方法中单纯囊肿壁切除只能使部分病人的病情缓解,脑室分流或囊肿切除加脑室分流手术的疗效较好。结论:四叠体区蛛网膜囊肿常合并梗阻性脑积水,单纯囊肿切除不能解除多数病人的梗阻性脑积水。作者根据囊肿是否与蛛网膜下腔相通提出:对交通性蛛网膜囊肿采用单纯性脑室分流术,对非交通性者采用囊肿切除加脑室分流手术的治疗方法。     

The effect of comonomer composition, silane heating, and filler type on aqueous TEGDMA leachability in model resin composites

Experimental composites using either bisGMA/TEGDMA or UEDMA/ TEGDMA matrices, quartz or barium glass fillers, and 2 different filler silanization methods were evaluated regarding monomer leachability in distilled water. The leached amount was detected and quantified using gas chromatography. The results showed that twice as much TEGDMA is leached from a bisGMA/TEGDMA based composite than from an UEDMA/ TEGDMA based composite, when both contain 50 wt% TEGDMA. The hypothesis suggested that the higher degree of cure of UEDMA/TEGDMA based composites would be reflected in a lower monomer leaching value, and this hypothesis was supported by the findings. Whether such a correlation exists within groups of UEDMA/TEGDMA based matrices having different degrees of cure was not determined and needs to be investigated in future studies. Variables such as filler composition and silane treatment did not affect the leaching values of TEGDMA in water. That finding suggests that future studies should target differences in matrices, and that the need for considering effects of filler composition and silane treatment methods should not receive the same priority.     

Cholera Toxin B-Mediated Targeting of Lipid Vesicles Containing Ganglioside GM1 to Mucosal Epithelial Cells

Purpose. To determine whether the non-toxic pentameric B subunit of Cholera toxin (CTB) binding to ganglioside GM1 on both the lipid vesicles and epithelial cells may provide a means to target lipid vesicles to mucosal cells expressing surface GM1. Methods. Sonicated lipid vesicles containing ganglioside GM1 were prepared. Inter-vesicle cross-linking due to pentameric CTB binding to these GM1 vesicles was determined with a sub-micron particle analyzer. Association of CTB to GM1 vesicles was analyzed with continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. CTB-mediated binding of GM1 vesicles to human mucosal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HT-29), mucous membranes of mouse trachea, and nasal tissues were detected with fluorescent labeled vesicles. Results. An increase in lipid particle size due to binding of CTB to lipid vesicles and inter-vesicles cross-linking was detected. At a 30-to-1 mole ratio of membrane-bound GMl-to-CTB, optimum increase in GM1 vesicle aggregation, was detected. Under such conditions, all the added CTB molecules were associated with GM1 vesicles. Time course analysis showed that inter-vesicles cross linking by CTB was detectable within 10 min. and reached a maximum value at 60 min. CTB associated GM1-vesicles bind to mucosal epithelial cells HT-29 and Caco-2 with similar affinity [K_d = 7.8 × 10^–4 M lipid (Caco-2) and 7.6 × 10^–4 M lipid (HT-29)]. GM1 mediated binding specificity was demonstrated by blocking with anti-GMl antibody and the insignificant degree of CTB-associated GM1 vesicle binding to GM1 deficient C6 cells. Conclusions. The CTB-mediated GM1 binding to multiple membrane surfaces provides selective localization of GM1 vesicles to GM1 expressing mucosal cells and tissues. The strategy may be useful in localizing drugs and proteins to gut and respiratory tract mucosa.     

重视药物利用评价研究,开展药物利用评价活动

药物利用评价是当前医院合理用药的深入发展的重要体现,也是临床药学的重要工作之一。本文论述了药物利用评价的目的、意义、方法和进展,以及药物利用评价在医院药房中的应用,以期引起有关人员的重视。