No Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Suicidal Ideation and Depression in African-American Diabetics

ABSTRACT

Low serum cholesterol has been associated with suicidal behavior. Depression has been postulated to be a mediating factor between low serum cholesterol and suicidal behavior. Therefore, this possibility was examined in a large group of 459 diabetic patients that had blood drawn for serum cholesterol levels on the same day that they completed the Beck Depression Inventory. The results failed to show any significant relationship between serum cholesterol levels and either total Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores or BDI scores on the item measuring current suicidal ideation. The limitations of the study are discussed.     

Accuracy of Narcotrend Index in Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia in Diabetics：a Case Report

NARCOTREND index （NI） is based on studies ofnormal human brain electrical data. It uses anordinary electrode to collect and analysis brainelectrical signals immediately at any positionof the head, to display the state of consciousness and depthof anesthesia of patients on the touch screen afterautomatic analysis and classification, so as to guide doseadjustment of anesthetics. NI may make the consciousnessand depth of anesthesia monitoring safe, simple, accurate,and economic. It is important that NI is more accurate thanclassical electroencephalographic variables.^1 Weber et al2believed that the NI was an objective and true index in theevaluation of propofol sedation in children.     

彩色多普勒超声分析早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者中央动脉的血流动力学

目的研究糖尿病患者视网膜中央动脉（CRA）在早期视网膜病变时血流动力学的变化及CRA血流参数与血糖水平的相关性。方法利用彩色多普勒超声技术,对临床已确诊糖尿病、但经眼底检查未见视网膜异常的糖尿病患者进行CRA彩色多普勒超声检测,先根据血糖水平控制良好与否分为A、B两组,其中A组为血糖控制不良患者,B组为血糖控制良好患者。然后将A组患者通过各种措施使血糖水平在4个月内均控制良好者重组为C组。结果A组CRA的血流动力学改变比B组更明显;C组CRA的血流动力学各项指标均有明显改善（P < 0.05）。结论糖尿病患者CRA血流动力学改变先于临床病理改变;CRA血流参数与血糖水平有密切相关;早期糖尿病视网膜病变是可逆的功能性改变。     

互动式教育在规范社区老年糖尿病患者胰岛素注射中的研究

目的　评价互动式教育在规范社区老年糖尿病患者胰岛素注射中的应用效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取上海市某社区行笔型胰岛素注射的老年糖尿病患者150例,随机分为对照组和干预组各80例。对照组给予常规教育指导;观察组在对照组基础上组成的互动式健康教育团队。两组患者分别于教育前、教育6个月后采用胰岛素规范注射的知信行问卷调查,评价两组患者胰岛素注射相关知识、技能的掌握程度。评估其干预后糖代谢水平和低血糖的发生率,观察这种服务模式的可行性。 结果 干预前两组患者胰岛素知识和技能、糖化血红蛋白值、低血糖的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。干预6月观察组较对照组糖化血红蛋白值下降更为显著(P<0.05),观察组胰岛素知识和技能提高更为显著(P<0.05)。观察组低血糖发生率较对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 互动式教育规范社区2型糖尿病患者胰岛素注射,改变传统单纯糖尿病知识教育方式,通过患者技能培训和改善生活质量,提高患者自我管理技能。     

Gastric emptying in diabetic patients by the 13C-octanoic acid breath test: role of insulin in gastric motility

Background Impairment of gastric emptying is well recognized in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), especially long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cause of delayed gastric emptying in DM patients. Methods In 16 controls, 16 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and 23 IDDM patients, gastric emptying was studied using the ¹³C octanoic acid breath test. Breath samples were taken before a test meal labeled with 100 mg of ¹³C octanoic acid, and at 15-min intervals over a 300-min period postprandially. Results In all DM patients, the gastric emptying coefficient was lower than that in the controls (P < 0.05), and lag time and half-emptying time were significantly longer (P < 0.05). Both NIDDM and IDDM patients showed delayed ¹³CO₂ excretion compared with the controls, but IDDM patients showed more delayed gastric emptying than NIDDM patients (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in sex, HbA1c level, or the rate of neuropathy between the two groups. Conclusions IDDM patients showed delayed gastric emptying compared with NIDDM patients, and the ¹³C octanoic acid breath test is useful for evaluating DM patients with delayed gastric emptying.     

并发症体验对2型糖尿病患者疾病态度及血糖控制水平的影响

目的 探讨并发症体验对2型糖尿病患者对疾病态度、血糖控制水平的影响,为糖尿病临床护理提供参考依据。方法 方便选取125例2型糖尿病患者分为干预组（61例）和对照组（64例）。2组患者均给予2型糖尿病常规护理,同时干预组给予糖尿病并发症体验干预。对2组患者在入院时、出院时、出院后1个月、3个月、6个月5个时间点的疾病态度、糖化血红蛋白值进行比较。结果 共125例患者完成研究,干预后2组患者对疾病态度差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,在出院后3个月、6个月2组患者的糖化血红蛋白值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 体验式学习可以改善2型糖尿病患者对疾病的态度,对控制患者的血糖水平具有明显效果。     

N-Acetylation and hydroxylation polymorphisms in type II diabetics with microvascular disturbances

The N-acetylation and hydroxylation (CYP2D6) genetic polymorphisms were assessed in 43 healthy subjects and in 84 type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetics. The proportions of slow and fast acetylators as well as poor and extensive metabolisers in a group of diabetics suffering from microvascular disturbances (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) were compared with the ocntrol group and with diabetics without such ocmplications. Sulphadimidine was used as a probe for polymorphic acetylation and debrisoqine for CYP2D6. Debrisoquine and its 4-OH metabolite were assayed by means of HPLC, and sulphadimidine using a modified Bratton-Marshall proceedure. The frequency of the slow phenotype (63%) was significantly higher in diabetics with microvascular disturbances than in patiens without diabetic complica tions (P < 0.005). In patients with type II diabetes (84), only the extensive phenotype of hydroxylation was observed. Received: 18 March 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 11 July 1996     

Balloon occlusion femoral angiography prior to in-situ saphenous vein bypass

The advent of thein situ saphenous vein bypass procedure for peripheral lower extremity ischemic disease has placed new demands on the angiographer. It is imperative that the small runoff arteries of the calf be seen beyond the level of the ankle to include evaluation of the patency of the plantar arch. Balloon occlusion femoral angiography (BOFA) has been used in 45 consecutive lower extremities in 40 patients referred for proposedin situ saphenous vein bypass; excellent visualization of the plantar arch on the first run was obtained in 40 of 45 extremities (88.9%). The patients included 35 (87.5%) insulin-dependent diabetics with severe proximal arterial disease. Initially,in situ candidates were studied using conventional “runoff” methods; it was rarely possible to visualize the upper trifurcation vessels let alone the plantar arch by this conventional method. The BOFA method was used to provide excellent visualization of the plantar arch and foot arteries. It permits use of smaller contrast medium volumes, provides all the arteriographic anatomy on one 51 inch long film, and is safe.     

Young Diabetics: Memories,Current Lifestyles and Attitudes

Eighty-six subjects aged 22.3 ± 2.3 years (mean ± S.D.), who attended one clinic as diabetic children, filled in a questionnaire designed to evaluate their present health and lifestyles, as well as discover their childhood memories. About two-thirds (66.3%) had unhappy recollections particularly of such irritating routines as urine testing, injections, and special food programmes. Only 6% complained that future complications were not discussed with the child at the appropriate time, but with the exception of blindness, childhood knowledge of diabetic complications was poor. Around two-thirds (66.4%) left school with some examination result; 44.2% went into further education, while 19.8% entered into a trade. These attainments were comparable to those of local school leavers. As young diabetic adults, 62.8% were employed; 22.1% were students or housewives with no other occupations.