养血祛风方对抽动障碍大鼠纹状体神经元超微结构的作用研究

目的 探讨养血祛风方对抽动障碍（TD）大鼠纹状体神经元超微结构的影响。方法 采用ig亚氨基二丙腈（IDPN）制备TD大鼠模型,造模成功后将大鼠随机分为模型组,养血祛风方高、中、低剂量（11.75、23.50、35.25 g/kg）组,硫必利（阳性药）组,同时设立对照组,连续给药8周。于给药第1、4、8周进行刻板运动评分;末次给药24 h后,大鼠开颅取纹状体,多聚甲醛固定后切片、染色,通过透射电镜观察纹状体腹侧部超微结构。结果 与模型组比较,低、中、高剂量养血祛风方和硫必利均对大鼠刻板运动评分发挥显著改善作用（P<0.05）;养血祛风方高剂量组和硫必利组大鼠纹状体中的神经元细胞、线粒体、轴突、树突及微血管结构与模型组比较,具有显著差异。结论 养血祛风方对TD模型大鼠脑细胞有保护和修复作用。     

Microradiography and confocal laser scanning microscopy applied to enamel lesions formed in vivo with and without fluoride varnish treatment

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to combine 2 techniques suitable for lesion characterization: quantitative microradiography (TMR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on in vivo induced lesions with and without a fluoride varnish (Duraphat®) treatment. Orthodontic bands were attached to premolars to be extracted for orthodontic reasons to induce enamel caries on the buccal surfaces. In the caries development part of the study, 1 tooth of each pair received at the start 1 topical application with the fluoride varnish Duraphat®, the contralateral tooth serving as untreated control. All teeth were extracted after 4 weeks. In the caries progression part, the premolars were banded for 4 weeks without any treatment to induce caries. 1 premolar in each pair was then extracted and analyzed. The contralateral tooth received one Duraphat® application and was extracted after another 2 weeks. In the caries development part of the study. TMR analysis showed that the Duraphat® treatment on sound enamel reduced lesion depth by 48% compared to the untreated control. In the caries progression part, no significant difference was found between the untreated teeth extracted after 4 weeks and the fluoride treated lesions extracted after another 2 weeks. CLSM images agreed well with the TMR measurements. In the fluoride treated lesions, the CLSM images showed more light scattering indicating precipitation of material.     

Carisolv去龋对牙本质粘结界面影响的实验研究

目的:研究Carisolv去龋对牙本质粘结界面的影响。方法:24颗新鲜拔除的中度龋损的第三磨牙,随机分成ABCD4组。每个牙的龋洞分成两半,一半用Carisolv去龋,另一半用涡轮车针去龋后,做如下处理:A组不处理;B组320ml/L磷酸酸蚀,扫描电镜观察牙本质表面形态;C组不酸蚀,DyractAP复合体充填;D组320ml/L磷酸酸蚀后复合树脂充填,扫描电镜观察牙本质-充填体界面。结果:A组:Carisolv去龋后牙本质表面玷污层少,大部分牙本质小管口开放,清晰可见,表面粗糙不平;涡轮车针去龋后牙本质表面覆盖较厚玷污层,牙本质小管口堵塞,很少见到开口。B组:Carisolv去龋组和涡轮车针去龋组均去除了玷污层,牙本质小管口开放,但Carisolv组牙本质小管无管塞,而涡轮车针组牙本质小管残留部分管塞。C组:观察牙本质-复合体界面见Carisolv去龋组有较多树脂突形成,深入牙本质小管及管周;而涡轮车针去龋组未见明显树脂突起形成。D组:观察牙本质-树脂界面见2组树脂突的密度和长度无明显差异,但Carisolv去龋组树脂突之间的侧枝连接较涡轮车针去龋组多见。结论:Carisolv去龋后牙本质表面玷污层少,牙本质小管口开放,表面粗糙不规则,利于粘结,尤其在使用不需酸蚀的复合体充填时优势突出。     

黏结剂Single bond 2不同涂布方式下人牙本质黏结界面的环境扫描电镜观察

目的：比较黏结剂Single bond2 不同涂布方式下牙本质黏结界面的形态学变化，为临床选择黏结剂应用方法提供参考依据。方法：暴露新鲜拔除的人第三磨牙牙本质，应用不同方式（包括涂布力度、方向、层数和同化次数）分组进行黏结剂涂布，然后，在环境扫描电镜下直接观察牙本质黏结界面的形态差异。根据黏结剂分布是否均匀、封闭牙本质小管的程度以及黏结剂渗入牙本质小管的情况判断效果。结果：黏结剂涂布力度方面，轻涂比重涂好；涂布方向，同向涂布比反复涂布好；涂布层数，涂2层较涂1层或4层好；固化方式，固化1次较固化2次好。结论：临床使用第五代黏结剂Single bond 2时，推荐同向轻涂2遍后固化的方法，可使黏结剂均匀分布，并较好地封闭牙本质小管。     

Safety of sodium fluorescein for in vivo study of skin

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Epicutaneous labeling or intradermal injection of the fluorescent sodium fluorescein is being used increasingly to investigate skin conditions in vivo when using non-invasive devices such as confocal scanning laser microscopy. Sodium fluorescein was used intravenously for decades for the examination of the vasculature of the ocular fundus (fluorescein angiography) and as eye drops for diagnosis of corneal erosions. The objective of this article is to systematically review the literature on fluorescein and conclude its safety in cutaneous research to support research planning and evaluations by ethics committees. METHODS: A number of databases and the literature about safety and toxicity of fluorescein in animal and human studies were searched and analyzed. RESULTS: Side effects or adverse events reported in the literature were related to intravenous bolus injection. Transient nausea and vomiting may occur. Other adverse events such as vasovagal reaction, cardiac or respiratory effects and anaphylaxes are extremely rare but may be fatal. Intradermal injection may cause mild itch or pain; systemic adverse event was reported. Epicutaneous labeling is associated with no reported problem. A typical local dose is several magnitudes of order smaller than a typical intravenous dose. CONCLUSION: Fluorescein has been used for many years in medicine for diagnostic purposes and is widely safe, albeit intravenous bolus injection may cause serious adverse reactions. In the literature, we could not trace reports of local or systemic side effects of topical sodium fluorescein except itch and pain on intradermal injection, however, dependent on the fluorescein preparation used. Local dermal application of fluorescein for in vivo study of skin may be considered widely safe.     

面部皮炎皮损表现类型与蠕形螨感染的相关性

目的：利用反射式共聚焦显微镜(reflectance confocal microscopy, RCM)检测面部皮炎患者蠕形螨感染情况并分析其与皮损表现类型的相关性。方法：皮肤科门诊收集考虑合并蠕形螨感染的面部皮炎患者，使用RCM检测皮损处毛囊蠕形螨感染数量。Spareman相关分析法分析蠕形螨感染数量与各种皮损类型的相关性。结果：共收集381例患者（男83例，女298例），男性患者蠕形螨阳性率为74.7%，女性阳性率为72.8%，总阳性率为72.7%。Spareman相关分析提示蠕形螨感染数量与红斑相关系数为0.357（P<0.01）,与鳞屑相关系数为0.365（P<0.01）。结论：红斑、鳞屑皮损毛囊蠕形螨数量更多。     

Laser confocal microscopy findings of Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis

Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis （TSPK） is a rare,chronic,inflammatory disorder,with adverse impact on the visual function and quality of life in patients.It was first described by Thygeson in 1950,1 as typically bilateral,corneal epithelial opacities without associated stromal involvement or corneal edema.Recurrent episodes of tearing,foreign body sensation,photophobia,and reduced vision are observed.To date,virus infection and immune factors have been considered as important risk factors for visual deterioration in the patients with TSPK,but the origin of the comeal opacities remains poorly understood.Keywords：Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis ; laser confocal microscopy     

反射式共聚焦显微镜在筛检面部难辨认癣的临床应用

目的:评价反射式共聚焦显微镜(RCM)在诊断浅部真菌病中的应用价值。方法:对46例临床诊断为面部湿疹等但不排除难辨认癣的患者,进行RCM扫描及光学显微镜检查,观察镜下菌丝特征,并与真菌图片相比较。结果:RCM诊断难辨认癣42例(阳性率91.12%),真菌涂片检查阳性40例(阳性率87.83%),差异无统计学意义(P0.05),二者结果具有较好的一致性。结论:RCM是筛检难辨认癣与鉴别皮炎湿疹等皮肤病很好的辅助工具。     

A case of linear porokeratosis treated with photodynamic therapy with confocal microscopy surveillance

Linear porokeratosis (LP) is a rare clinical porokeratosis variant, which typically presents at birth, but can also develop in adulthood. Differential diagnosis includes linear lichen planus, lichen striatus, linear verrucous epidermal nevus, incontinentia pigmenti and linear Darier's disease. An LP lesion has an increased risk of transformation into a squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma. The treatment of LP is contradictory and disappointing in general. We present a case of a 16‐year‐old girl with multiple reddish‐brown macules and depressions on the medial aspect of her right arm, localized from the palmar joint up to shoulder region in a linear pattern. We performed confocal microscopy (CLSM) of multiple lesions and a punch biopsy after receiving informed consent to confirm the diagnosis. After diagnosis confirmation, we performed Photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methyl aminolevulinate cream in a 160 mg/g concentration (Metvix crm) was applied under occlusion on the previously cleaned surface of every single lesion for 3 hours. The lesions were subsequently illuminated with a dose of 37 J/cm² (Aktilite, PhotoCure ASA, Norway). Two months after the first PDT treatment, the patient came for a third PDT session. Treatment follow‐up was performed 6 months after the initial PDT session. A CLSM image proved an increase in the width of the stratum spinosum to 42–48 μm, mild post‐inflammatory changes were also present. Cosmetic and clinical response up to date at the time of last follow‐up (1 year) was satisfactory. No progression was observed.