肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学与药代动力学的影响

目的:了解肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学及药动学影响。方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级肩部或上肢择期手术患者16例,随机分成两组,试验组与对照组各8例,分别用含或不含肾上腺素的0.75％丁哌卡因2mg/kg行肌间沟臂丛阻滞。对比观察两组的临床效果及药代动力学。结果:与对照组比较,试验组阻滞完善时间及镇痛时间延长(P<0.05或0.01)。试验组与对照组Cmax分别为0.8295±0.2893ug/ml和0.8898±0.2572ug/ml,Tmax分别为37.6018±8.3461分钟和29.3156±11.1991分钟(P>0.05)。药代动力学参数t1/2Ka及K_(21)两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:肾上腺素能延长丁哌卡因的阻滞完善时间、镇痛维持时间及吸收半衰期,但对血药浓度无明显影响。     

原发性青光眼的激光治疗

目前在青光眼的临床治疗中，激光治疗已成为介于药物和手术治疗之间的一种方法，本文仅就原发性闭角型青光眼的激光周边虹膜透切术和开角型青光眼的激光滤帘成形术做一介绍。     

青光眼患者相对性瞳孔反射传入障碍与其两眼视野面积差值的比较

对伴有相对性瞳孔反射传入障碍（RAPD）的26例非对称性青光眼（17例原发性开角型青光眼和9例青睫综合征）患者，将RAPD定量值与其两眼视野面积差值（VFAD）进行相关分析。结果显示Ⅰ2e、Ⅰ4e和Ⅲ4e等视线VFAD与RAPD值的相关系数分别为0.70、0.81和0.88，各相关系数经统计学检验均有极显著意义（P＜0.001）。表明RAPD测量在揭示青光眼不对称性视功能损害方面与视野检查具有一致性。因而RAPD可以作为非对称性青光眼视功能损害的重要体征之一。     

星状神经节阻滞对炎症痛兔血清皮质醇和炎症局部β-内啡肽的影响

目的 :观察星状神经节阻滞 (SGB)对福尔马林炎症痛家兔血清皮质醇 (CS)和炎症局部 β -内啡肽 (β -EP)含量的影响。方法 :选择健康家兔 1 6只 ,随机分为SGB组和对照组 ,各 8只。两组均用 8%福尔马林 0 .5ml在右前肢足底皮下注射致痛 ,致痛前 1 0minSGB组经预置导管给 0 .2 5 %布比卡因 0 .5ml,对照组给等量生理盐水。用放免法测定致痛前 1 0min(T0 )、致痛后 1 0、60和 1 2 0min(T1 、T2 和T3)血清CS及致痛 1 2 0min炎症局部 β-EP含量。结果 :致痛后对照组血清CS在各时点均较致痛前升高 ,且在T2 时达高峰 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而SGB组各时点较致痛前无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;两组相比 ,T0 时无差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,而在T1 、T2 和T3时有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1 )。SGB组致痛后 1 2 0min时炎症局部 β -EP含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。 结论 :SGB可抑制福尔马林刺激引起的血清CS的升高 ,并且可增加炎症局部 β-EP含量     

A Comparative Study of the Percutaneous versus Intraoral Technique for Mental Nerve Block

Objective: Mental nerve block is frequently used to aid repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches to blocking this nerve are used, but have never been compared. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and effectiveness of anesthesia. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study was conducted using ten healthy volunteers aged 22 to 33 years. Patients having prior experience with mental nerve blocks, lidocaine allergy, active oral/facial infection, or previous facial fractures were excluded. Bilateral mental nerve blocks were done using intraoral technique on one side and percutaneous technique on the other. Both techniques were used by the same investigator and were carried out with 27-gauge needles and 2.5 mL of 2% buffered lidocaine at room temperature injected over 20 seconds. The oral mucosa was topically anesthetized with viscous lidocaine for 1 minute prior to intraoral injection. The orders of the blocks and sides of the face anesthetized were randomized. Subjective and objective pain (visual-analog scale), efficacy (anesthesia of lower lip), time to onset, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated. Results: The intraoral technique was subjectively less painful than the percutaneous approach in nine of ten subjects (p = 0.02). Scores on the visual-analog pain scale were significantly lower for the intraoral technique (p = 0.03). Intraoral injection produced lower-lip anesthesia in 10/10 subjects versus 7/10 for percutaneous (p = 0.25). Times to onset (approximately 1–2 minutes) and durations of anesthesia (approximately one hour) were similar for the two techniques. Conclusion: The intraoral approach to the mental nerve block with adjunctive topical anesthesia was subjectively and objectively less painful than the percutaneous approach without adjunctive anesthesia. While the intraoral approach had a greater efficacy of lower-lip anesthesia and a longer duration of action, these differences were not statistically significant.     

周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法总结68例(72眼)的临床资料，对术后效果进行分析、评价。结果68例(72眼)患者术后1周～1年平均眼压19．83mmHg(2．65kPa)，术后1月大部分新生血管萎缩退化。结论周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治新生血管性青光眼是一种比较有效的方法。     

Complications associated with maxillary nerve block anaesthesia via the greater palatine canal

This paper documents the type, frequency and duration of complications associated with regional anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve via the greater palatine canal in a series of 101 patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department, United Dental Hospital of Sydney.     

Nd:YAG激光虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效。 方法26例30只眼闭角型青光眼分为AB两组，A组为中周部高能量组（首次击射能量为7．4mJ），B组为极周边部低能量组（首次击射能量为5．3mJ），行Nd：YAG激光虹膜周边切除术。 结果两组患者均穿孔成功，A组并发症较B组明显减少，且一次穿孔率达100％。 结论Nd：YAG激光虹膜周边切除术治疗闭角型青光眼疗效可靠，并发症少，值得推广应用。     

硬膜外阻滞对高血压患者血压的影响

目的:比较未经正规治疗的高血压患者中位和低位硬膜外阻滞时对血压的影响。方法:有明确的高血压病史的急诊中上腹部手术麻醉病例42例(Ⅰ组)和下腹部手术麻醉病例47例(Ⅱ组),采用硬膜外阻滞后,比较手术时间、局麻药总量、麻醉后动脉血压下降的幅度和时相。结果:(Ⅰ组)手术历时62.3±17.8min,局麻药总量为利多卡因387.0±31.2mg,(Ⅱ组)手术历时56.8±14.9min,利多卡因总量366.7±30.1mg,均无显著差异。Ⅰ组硬膜外麻醉前平均动脉压为123.6±13.2mmHg,麻醉后最低的平均动脉压为69.5±10.0mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为26.3min,Ⅱ组麻醉前的平均动脉压为117.3±15.7mmHg,麻醉后最低平均动脉压为71.0±7.4mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为21.3min。两组在硬膜外阻滞后平均动脉压下降幅度及下降时间方面无显著差异。结论:未经很好控制的高血压患者硬膜外阻滞后均可引起血压急骤下降,低位硬膜外阻滞与中高位阻滞引起的血压下降幅度和时相相似。     

Cobalt-dependent potentiation of net inward current density in Helix aspersa neurons.

A low concentration of transition metal ions Co2+ and Ni2+ increases the inward current density in neurons from the land snail Helix aspersa. The currents were measured using a single electrode voltage-clamp/internal perfusion method under conditions in which the external Na+ was replaced by Tris+, the predominant external current carrying cation was Ca2+, and the internal perfusate contained 120 mM Cs+/0 K+; 30 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) was added externally to block K+ current. In the presence of Co2+ (3 mM) or Ni2+ (0.5 mM) inward Ca2+ currents were stimulated normally by voltage-dependent activation of Ca2+ channels. There was a 5-10% decrease in the rate of rise of the inward current. The principal effect of Co2+ and Ni2+ in increasing the current density seems to be a decrease in the rate at which the inward currents decline during a depolarizing voltage pulse. The results may be due to a decrease in a voltage-dependent or Ca(2+)-dependent outward current and/or an inhibition of Ca2+ channel inactivation. Outward current under these conditions (zero internal K+) was significant and most likely due to Cs+ efflux through the voltage-activated or Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cation channels. Co2+ is an extremely effective blocker of this outward current. These results are not an artifact of internal perfusion or the special ionic conditions. Intracellular recording of unperfused neurons in normal Helix Ringer's solution showed that the Ca(2+)-dependent action potential duration was increased significantly by low concentrations of Co2+. This result is consistant with the Co(2+)-dependent increase in inward (depolarizing) current seen in voltage-clamp experiments.