普拉洛芬联合氯替泼诺治疗白内障患者术后炎症的疗效观察

目的观察普拉洛芬联合氯替泼诺治疗白内障患者术后炎症的临床疗效。方法选取2013年9月—2015年5月延安大学附属医院收治的白内障手术患者156例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各78例。对照组在术后采用氯替泼诺混悬滴眼液治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上采用普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗,给药方式均为术后一周内2滴/次,6次/d,一周后减为2滴/次,4次/d。两组均连续给药两周。比较术后第3、7、15、30天两组患者的炎症评分、眼压、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)以及不良反应情况。结果术后第3、7、15天,两组的炎症评分均高于术前,同组治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组术后第3、7、15、30天的炎症评分均显著低于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第7、15天,对照组的眼压均高于术前,同组治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组术后第7、15天的眼压均显著低于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第7、15、30天,两组的CMT均显著高于术前,同组治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组术后第7、15、30天的CMT均显著低于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组的不良反应发生率分别为24.36%、44.87%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论普拉洛芬联合氯替泼诺对白内障术后抗炎效果显著,且可以降低眼压的升高,改善黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

两种深静脉置管术在 ICU 临床应用观察

目的：观察锁骨下和股静脉较两种深静脉置管术的难易程度及其主要的并发症。方法选择ICU内需做深静脉置管的患者300例,随机分为锁骨下静脉（A组）150例,股静脉（B组）150例,通过比较2组的穿刺的成功率及其主要并发症等指标,从而明确两个部位穿刺的优缺点。结果股静脉穿刺组成功率高,与锁骨下静脉组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。锁骨下置管并发导管移位、气胸最高（P＜0．05）,而股静脉置管并发误入动脉,感染,及堵管较高（P＜0．05）。导管脱出并发症两者无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论2种置管方法各有其优缺点,操作者可以根据置管的目的,患者情况以及个人对两种置管术操作的熟练程度,合理选择置管方法,减少置管出现的并发症的可能。     

解偶联蛋白在脑缺血疾病中的作用研究进展

解偶联蛋白(uncoupling proteins,UCPs)是一类位于线粒体内膜上的阴离子载体蛋白,属于线粒体载体蛋白超家族。到目前为止,已经发现并确认UCPs同系物为5种,即UCP1～UCP5,中枢神经系统中主要含有UCP2,UCP4和UCP5 3种亚型,已经证实其对于脑缺血后的氧化应激、线粒体膜电势及ATP绝对水平的维持具有重要的作用,本文主要将UCPs在脑缺血疾病中相关作用进行综述,希望可以为脑缺血疾病的治疗提供新的研究思路。     

多西他赛和紫杉醇致严重不良反应对比分析

目的：分析多西他赛和紫杉醇致严重不良反应的特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法收集2004年1月至2013年1月我省药品不良反应监测中心收到的多西他赛和紫杉醇引起的严重不良反应报告,比较2种药物所致严重不良反应临床表现及转归。结果共收集多西他赛和紫杉醇严重不良反应报告31份,涉及患者31例,不良反应33例次。31例患者中男性9例,女性22例;年龄31～76岁,平均年龄53岁。紫杉醇引起的严重不良反应17例次,主要临床表现为过敏性休克（70.59%）、过敏样反应（11.76%）、白细胞减少（11.76%）、骨髓抑制（5.88%）;多西他赛引起的严重不良反应16例次,主要临床表现为过敏样反应（31.25%）、骨髓抑制（18.75%）、白细胞减少（18.75%）、腹泻（6.25%）、过敏性休克（6.25%）、胃肠道出血（6.25%）、背痛（6.25%）、胸闷（6.25%）。停药及对症治疗后均好转或痊愈。结论多西他赛与紫衫醇致严重不良反应临床表现有所不同,与多西他赛相比,紫衫醇过敏性休克所占比例较高,使用时更应加强用药指导和监测。     

Sedative effects of Iranian Artemisia annua in mice: Possible benzodiazepine receptors involvement

Context: Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as sweet wormwood or Qinghao, is an annual herb/shrub native of Asia. The plant grows broadly in Caspian Sea shores in North of Iran. In China, the aerial parts of this plant are source of artemisinin, which is an antimalarial compound.

Objective: This study aimed to establish the scientific basis of reported ethnomedicinal use of A. annua as sedative agent.

Material and methods: The plants were gathered from Gilan Province in Iran. Plant aerial parts were extracted with methanol and concentrated in vacuum. Methanol extract was partitioned into chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in male mice with different concentrations (50, 100, and 200?mg/kg), and for evaluation of sedative activity, immobility time was determined. In effort to clarify the mechanism of action, flumazenil (3?mg/kg, i.p.) as a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor antagonist was injected 15?min before chloroform fraction (200?mg/kg, i.p.).

Results: Compared with control group (saline-treated mice), the chloroform fraction significantly increased immobility time in a dose-dependent manner. Flumazenil decreased immobility time induced by chloroform fraction significantly.

Discussion and conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that A. annua growing in Iran has sedative effects, which are probably mediated via BZD receptors pathways.     

心源性多浆膜腔积液及其相关因素的对比分析

目的通过对比分析心衰患者合并浆膜腔积液的情况,探讨多浆膜腔积液、双侧胸腔积液及无浆膜腔积液患者间心功能、感染、低蛋白血症、肾功能差异,分析上述各种因素与多浆膜腔积液的关系,以明确这些因素对心衰患者的浆膜腔积液的影响。方法将该科近4年内收治的诊断为冠心病、高心病、缺血性心肌病的心功能不全患者依据积液的浆膜腔多少分为多浆膜腔组（3个浆膜腔以上）、双侧胸腔积液组与无浆膜腔积液组,分别统计各组间年龄、性别、心衰程度、血浆蛋白含量、血肌酐、尿素氮及肺部感染情况,并进行显著性检验,比较各组间差异。结果心衰患者的年龄、性别以及肾功能情况对浆膜腔积液的发生影响不大,而心功能受损的程度、合并肺部感染的情况与低蛋白血症,尤其是低白蛋白血症、白球比例倒置与心衰患者的多浆膜腔积液关系密切。而对于没有明显低蛋白血症的患者,双侧胸腔积液多与肺部感染有关。结论心源性多浆膜腔积液与心功能受损程度有关,而积液的浆腹腔数量和腔内积液量与心衰伴发的低白蛋白血症及白球比例下降的程度相关。     

谷氨酰胺强化营养对重型颅脑损伤患者内脏蛋白的影响

目的采用谷氨酰胺（Gln）强化营养支持,观察其对早期重型颅脑损伤患者血清白蛋白（ALB）、转铁蛋白（TRF）、前白蛋白（PAB）的影响。方法将重型颅脑损伤患者62例随机分为试验组和对照组,各31例。所有患者入院第1天常规营养支持,试验组加Gln强化的肠外营养（PN）支持7d。对照组按传统方法进行营养支持。2组治疗前和治疗后的第7天检测ALB、TRF、PAB含量。结果 2组治疗后AlB、TRF、PAB均下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;治疗后2组ALB、TRF、PAB水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 Gln在重型颅脑损伤中应用能改善患者营养状态,相对缓和患者的高分解状态。     

Advances in brain drug targeting and delivery: limitations and challenges of solid lipid nanoparticles

Introduction: With the advancement in the field of medical colloids and interfacial sciences, the life expectancy has been greatly improved. In addition, changes in the human lifestyle resulted in development of various organic and functional disorders. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are most prevalent and increasing among population worldwide. The neurological disorders are multi-systemic and difficult to treat as portal entry to brain is restricted on account of its anatomical and physiological barrier.

Areas covered: The present review discusses the limitations to CNS drug delivery, and the various approaches to bypass the blood brain barrier (BBB), focusing on the potential use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for drug targeting to brain. The methods currently in use for SLN production, physicochemical characterization and critical issues related to the formulation development suitable for targeting brain are also discussed.

Expert opinion: The potential advantages of the use of SLN over polymeric nanoparticles are due to their lower cytotoxicity, higher drug loading capacity and scalability. In addition, their production is cost effective and the systems provide a drug release in a controlled manner up to several weeks. Drug targeting potential of SLN can be enhanced by attaching ligands to their surface.     

甲状腺乳头状微小癌合并桥本甲状腺炎的临床病理分析

目的研究甲状腺乳头状微小癌（PTMC）合并桥本甲状腺炎（HT）的临床病理特点,为临床诊治提供参考。方法：收集我院2010年10月-2013年9月收治并经手术病理证实为PTMC患者的临床病理资料,以是否合并HT分组比较,并进行回顾性分析。结果 119例PTMC中,男女比例1：2.6,年龄（44.4±12.4）岁,术前甲状腺功能正常者97例（81.5%）,肿瘤平均最大径（6.8±2.3）mm,有颈部淋巴结转移36例（30.3%）,合并HT 41例（34.5%）。与未合并HT组相比,合并HT组中女性更多,发病年龄较小,术前促甲状腺激素（TSH）较高,肿瘤最大径较小,相互比较存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。合并HT组的颈部淋巴结转移率（36.6%）稍高于未合并HT组（26.9%）,且与年龄、肿瘤最大径显著相关。结论 PTMC合并HT在较年轻的女性、术前血TSH水平偏高者中较常见。起病年龄较小、癌灶最大径≥7.0 mm时更易发生颈淋巴结转移。     

Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness using Ultrasound Pachymetry during Corneal Collagen Cross-linking

 PURPOSE:To study variation in central corneal thickness (CCT) during corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL) using ultrasound pachymetry． METHODS:Twenty patients (26 eyes) with progressing keratoconus undergoing riboflavin-UVA-induced CXL were involved in this study. Intraoperative CCT measurement using ultrasonic pachymetry was performed during the procedure．Measurements were obtained before operation, after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation, and after UVA irradiation. RESULTS:Mean CCT was 495±56 and 450±52 μm before and after epithelial removal, respectively. Mean CCT was 443±42 and 411±39 μm after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation, respectively. Statistically significant decreases in CCT occurred between the preoperative period and after epithelial removal, after riboflavin drop instillation and after UVA irradiation. Twenty-six eyes from 20 patients undergoing CXL were divided into 2 groups (I with CCT &;gt;or = 400 μm after UVA irradiation and II with CCT &;lt;400 μm after UVA irradiation). No statistically significant difference was noted between I and II in preoperative endothelial cell count, but a statistically greater postoperative endothelial cell count was noted in I compared to II. A statistically significant difference was evident between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts in Group II (P &;lt;0.05). CONCLUSION:Performing CXL with the use of riboflavin and UVA irradiation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CCT, to a level where the corneal endothelium may be damaged.