外伤角膜瘢痕无晶状体眼戴角膜接触镜后的角膜地形图改变

目的 探讨外伤性角膜瘢痕无晶状体眼戴硬性透气性接触镜前,后角膜表面的改变。方法 对戴该镜者１７眼及对照组（不戴镜）１２眼,在戴镜前后进行角膜地形图检测。结果 戴镜后平均８．４月,角膜散光减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）,角膜表面变得比较规则（Ｐ〈０．０５）,角膜表面的屈光度有变得相对比较平均的趋势。结论 戴硬性透气性角膜接触镜能使角膜瘢痕所致角膜散光减少,角膜表面变得较为规则。     

高度近视白内障小切口超声乳化摘除术

目的：探讨经透明角膜隧道对高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化摘除术的可行性及手术技巧。方法：对２１６例高度近视合并白内障患者,经角膜缘隧道切口行超声乳化吸出,并植入软性或硬性人工晶体。对超声乳化能量、时间、负压及术后视力、散光及并发症进行观察。结果：采用较低能量、中度真空压力及中低档流速行超声乳化吸出,术后视力≥０．８者１４３例,≥０．５者４９例。术前近视力≥０．８者,术后远视力常较佳。术前及术后散光３．０ｍｍ切口组无统计学差异,５．５ｍｍ切口组有统计学差异。未见明显严重并发症。结论：透明角膜超声乳化联合软性或硬性人工晶体植入,是高度近视白内障较理想的手术方式。     

激素和非甾体类抗炎药在白内障术后联合使用的临床研究

目的　比较超声乳化白内障吸除术后单纯典必殊眼水 (地塞米松加妥布霉素 )和典必殊减量使用加普南扑灵眼水 (普拉洛芬 )的术后炎症反应 ,以探讨激素和非甾体类抗炎药联合使用在白内障术后应用的价值。方法　采用随机对照的方法 ,将术中无并发症的 12 0只眼分为两组 ,每组 60眼。试验组 :典必殊眼水和普南扑灵合用一周 ,以后普南扑灵单独使用三周。对照组 :典必殊眼水使用四周。分别于术后不同时间观察随访症状、体征、房水闪辉和细胞 ,并测量眼压。结果　两组的术后症状和体征综合得分无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;房水闪辉除术后 14天无显著性差异外 (P >0 0 5 ) ,其余均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,试验组比对照组闪辉值低 ;房水细胞在术后 3 0天有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,此前 ,两组的前房细胞未见统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在术后两周和一月时 ,对照组的眼压比术前有所增加 ,而试验组则轻微降低 ,且有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　无并发症的超声乳化吸除术术后应用激素加非甾体类抗炎药比单纯激素抗炎作用相当甚至更好 ,避免了长期使用激素眼水引起的眼压增高等副作用 ,术后应用非甾体类抗炎药联合激素是一种较好的用药方式     

Pseudophakic accommodation with translation lenses – dual optic vs mono optic

PURPOSE: To investigate the pseudophakic accommodation effect in dual and mono optic translation accommodative intraocular lenses (AIOL) using linear matrix methods in the paraxial space. METHODS: Dual (anterior optic of power +32 D linked to a compensatory posterior optic of negative power) and mono lens power was determined in the non-accommodated state using linear geometric optics based on the Gullstrand model eye. The position of the AIOL was calculated from a regression formula. Pseudophakic accommodation was assessed with three systems: (1) forward shift of the mono optic lens, (2) anterior translation of the anterior optic in the dual optic lens system with an unchanged position of the posterior minus lens and (3) symmetrical anterior and posterior translation of the anterior and posterior lens. The Gullstrand model eye was modified by changing the axial length (and proportionally changing the phakic anterior chamber depth) to investigate the accommodative effect in myopic and hyperopic eyes. RESULTS: The dual optic lens system (2) yields a nearly constant accommodation amplitude of 2.4-2.5 D mm(-1) movement over the total range of axial lengths. The mono optic lens (1) provides a higher accommodative effect only in extremely short eyes (high refractive power of the lens), whereas for normal eyes (1.4-1.5 D mm(-1) movement) and for long (myopic) eyes the accommodative effect is much less than the dual optic lens. The dual optic lens system under condition (3) yields less accommodation amplitude compared with the dual optic system under condition (2) over the total range of axial length but provides higher accommodation amplitude compared with the mono optic lens system (1) with axial lengths greater than 22.3 mm (lens power 25.5 D). In the accommodated state, with lens translation of 1 mm, the absolute value of the lateral magnification increases with the refractive power of the mono optic lens (1) and decreases in both dual optic lens systems (under conditions 2 and 3). CONCLUSIONS: A mathematical strategy is presented for calculation of the accommodative effect of mono-optic and dual optic AIOL. The dual optic lens yielded a nearly constant accommodation amplitude of about 2.4-2.5 D mm(-1) translation, whereas the mono optic lens yielded an accommodative response of <2 D mm(-1) translation in long myopic or normal eyes. Only in extremely short eyes is the accommodative amplitude of the mono-optic lens higher than the dual optic lens.     

三焦点与单焦点人工晶状体植入术效果的比较

目的：观察并比较AT LISA tri 839MP三焦点人工晶状体及CT SPHERIS 209M单焦点人工晶状体植入术后白内障患者的视力、对比敏感度和视觉质量。

方法：行白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者52例52眼,其中三焦点组26例26眼,术中植入AT LISA tri 839MP三焦点人工晶状体; 单焦点组26例26眼,术中植入CT SPHERIS 209M单焦点人工晶状体。术后3mo检查患者的裸眼远距离视力(UCDVA)、裸眼中距离视力(UCIVA)、裸眼近距离视力(UCNVA)、最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)、远视力矫正下的中距离视力(DCIVA)、远视力矫正下的近距离视力(DCNVA),明、暗环境中不同空间频率(3、6、12、18c/d)下的对比敏感度,并进行脱镜率、不良视觉症状和满意度等问卷调查。

结果：术后3mo三焦点组UCIVA、UCNVA、DCIVA和DCNVA、脱镜率及满意度均优于单焦点组(P<0.05)。在暗环境中的18c/d空间频率,单焦点组的对比敏感度优于三焦点组(P=0.041)。两组均有轻度眩光和光晕不适主诉(P=0.668)。

结论：AT LISA tri 839MP三焦点人工晶状体较CT SPHERIS 209M单焦点人工晶状体为患者提供了更好的中、近视力,脱镜率和满意度均高于单焦点人工晶状体。     

Personalized aspheric intraocular lens implantation based on corneal spherical aberration: a review

With the evolution of cataract surgery from visual rehabilitation to refractive surgery, aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are being increasingly used in the field of ophthalmology. This increased use can be attributed to negative or zero spherical aberrations with unique optical designs, which counteract some of the positive spherical aberrations of the cornea. These alterations reduce the total spherical aberration of human eyes and improve the visual acuity in patients with cataract postoperatively. At present, various types of aspheric IOLs are used worldwide. Although the implantation of aspheric IOL is beneficial to the patients who need correction of spherical aberrations, much controversy is still associated with ocular residual spherical aberrations that facilitate the best visual quality for patients postoperatively. In order to provide reference for future clinical work and scientific research, this report reviews the relationship between the ocular residual spherical aberration of human eyes and visual quality.     

超声乳化联合IOL植入术围手术期瞳孔直径和反应的变化

探究晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术围手术期瞳孔直径、反应的变化。方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集于2016年1-9月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科行超声乳化联合IOL植入术的连续白内障和高度近视透明晶状体置换患者。采用动态瞳孔测量仪（Metro-vision MONCV3）测量术前、术后1周、术后1个月在4种光照度下（0、1、10和100 cd/m2 ）的瞳孔直径,并检测瞳孔反应（如瞳孔初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩潜伏期、收缩持续时间、收缩速度、扩张潜伏期、扩张持续时间和扩张速度等）。采用重复测量方差分析、Pearson相关分析及Spearman相关分析对数据进行分析。结果：共纳入患者53例（53眼）。在4种光照度下,术前瞳孔直径随年龄增加而下降（r0=-0.467,P0<0.001;r1=-0.383,P1=0.005;r10=-0.374,P10=0.006;r100=-0.312,P100=0.023）。 4种光照强度下瞳孔直径手术前后总体差异有统计学意义（F0=206.9,P0<0.001;F1=106.8,P1<0.001; F10=41.7,P10<0.001;F100=36.7,P100<0.001）,与术前相比,4种光照强度下瞳孔直径术后1周、1个月均下降（均P<0.001）。手术前后瞳孔反应的初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度总体差异有统计学意义（F初始直径=99.5,P初始直径<0.001;F收缩幅度=36.2,P收缩幅度<0.001;F收缩速度=51.9,P收缩速度<0.001;F扩张速度=23.8,P扩张速度<0.001）,与术前相比,术后1周、1个月初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度均下降（均P<0.001）。结论：超声乳化联合IOL植入术后1个月内可引起瞳孔缩小,瞳孔反应的收缩、扩张速度变慢,为IOL设计中确定有效光学区范围提供依据。     

Biocompatibility of implant materials: A review and scanning electron microscopic study

The evolution of various plastic materials used in the manufacture of intraocular lenses is reviewed, with special reference to the problem of biocompatibility of lens haptic materials. To date, polypropylene has been found and continues to be a highly effective, relatively inert material, providing good surgical results. However, the present study and other morphologic and chemical studies have provided evidence that indicates long-term alteration of polypropylene may occur. For this reason we believe that further studies of this particular polymer are warranted. Also, a continuing search and trial of other plastics to discover an equivalent or even more efficacious haptic material seems desirable. There is a need for careful long-term follow-up of patients after intraocular lens implantation, particularly of young patients.     

高度近视合并白内障后房型PIOL植入对眼轴测量、内轴向结构稳定的影响

目的 观察高度近视合并白内障植入不同后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体(phakic intraocular lens,PI-OL)对眼轴测量及内轴向空间结构稳定性的影响.方法 2012年7月—2015年7月对106例(168只眼)行白内障超声乳化吸出术联合PIOL植入术,根据患者植入PIOL类型分为有晶状体眼屈光镜(phakic refractive lens,PRL)组81只眼和可植入式接触镜(implantable collamer lens,ICL)组87只眼.测量两组手术前、后眼轴长度并分析其相关性,观察手术前、后前房深度的变化.结果 两组术后眼轴长度和最佳矫正视力均较术前提高,PRL组术后眼轴长度长于ICL组,但术后最佳矫正视力低于ICL组(P<0.05).手术前、后眼轴长度差值PRL组随着眼轴的延长而逐渐缩小,ICL组随着眼轴的延长而逐渐增大,但波动范围较小.两组术后前房深度小于术前,但PRL组大于ICL组(P<0.05).结论 后房型PIOL植入对高度近视合并白内障患者的眼轴测量影响较小,有利于眼内轴向空间结构的稳定,但不同材质的PIOL对内轴向结构的稳定性不同.     

复杂眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后二期后房型人工晶状体植入的临床研究

目的探讨复杂眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后二期后房型人工晶状体植入的手术方法及评价其疗效。方法对35眼因复杂的眼外伤行晶状体切除联合玻璃体切除,术后3个月-6 a行后房人工晶状体植入术。术后随访3-24个月,平均（9.2±6.5）个月。结果35眼均顺利植入后房人工晶状体,其中睫状沟聚丙烯缝线双襻固定15眼,单襻固定15眼,不须固定者5眼。所有患眼均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力,无远期严重并发症。结论晶状体和玻璃体切除术后二期后房人工晶状体植入术安全可靠,是目前矫正晶状体玻璃体切作术后屈光不正较好的方法。