Glycation inhibitory activity and the identification of an active compound in Plantago asiatica extract

The glycation reaction involves a series of non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl group on reducing sugars and the amino group on proteins leading to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are acknowledged to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic and aging-related complications. Consequently, the development of AGE inhibitors is considered to have therapeutic potential in patients with diabetes or age-related diseases. The preliminary results showed that a methanol extract (PAE) of Plantago asiatica, which is traditionally used as a folk medicine in Asian countries to treat fever, cough, wound etc., had strong glycation inhibitory activity. The effects of the extract on AGE fluorescence were dose-dependent, reaching 41% inhibition at 0.1 microg/mL of extract. The purified principle from PAE was identified as plantamajoside. As well as antioxidant activities, in vitro glycation inhibitory activities with 10 and 25 mm plantamajoside were higher than those with 10 and 25 mm aminoguanidine. The results demonstrate that PAE and plantamajoside had significant effects on in vitro AGE formation, and the glycation inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of plantamajoside were comparable to those obtained using millimolar concentrations of the standard antiglycation agent aminoguanidine, and the antioxidant ascorbate, respectively.     

小麦胚芽蛋白组分酶解物降血压和抗氧化作用

目的探讨小麦胚芽中清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的碱性蛋白酶alcalase酶解物的体外降血压和抗氧化作用。方法采用抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的方法评价降血压活性;对其抗氧化性能的评价采用化学模拟体系测定其清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基以及还原力。结果小麦胚芽中,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白酶解物对ACE的半抑制率(IC50)分别为:3.98、2.64、5.53和3.62mg/ml。球蛋白酶解物的降血压活性显著高于另外3种蛋白酶解物(P0.05)。在抗氧化试验中,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白酶解物清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为1.85、2.82、2.46和2.04mg/ml;清除羟自由基的IC50值分别为:0.14、0.22、0.17和0.18mg/ml;它们的还原力与浓度呈显著的正相关性(P0.05),且清蛋白酶解物的还原力最高。结论小麦胚芽中,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的alcalase酶解物均具有体外降血压和抗氧化活性;球蛋白酶解物的降血压活性最高,而醇溶蛋白的最低;清蛋白酶解物的抗氧化活性最强,而球蛋白的最弱。     

Characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Pulp Oil and the Effect of Its Supplementation in an In Vivo Experimental Model

Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) pulp oil contains bioactive substances and lipids that are protective against cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We performed physical and chemical analyses to verify its quality and stability. Buriti oil was stable according to the Rancimat test, presenting an induction period of 6.6 h. We evaluated the effect of supplementation with crude buriti oil and olive oil on metabolic parameters in 108 Swiss mice for 90 days. We investigated six groups: extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), buriti oil (BO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), synergic (S) (BO1 + EVOO1), and control (water dose 1000 mg/kg). The animals were euthanized to examine their blood, livers, and fats. The supplementation did not interfere with food consumption, weight gain, and histological alterations in the liver. Group S showed the strongest relationship with the fractions HDL-c and non-HDL-c, indicating a possible cardioprotective effect. Moreover, we observed significantly higher IL-6 levels in the control, EVOO2, and BO1 groups than in the EVOO1 group. Resistin was also significantly higher for the synergic treatment than for the control. We conclude that BO combined with EVOO could be an excellent food supplement for human consumption.     

抗氧化微量营养素对IDDM小鼠抗氧化损伤的实验研究

目的:研究复合抗氧化微量营养素(antioxidative micronutrients,AM)拮抗IDDM小鼠氧化侵袭损害的作用机制。方法:用一次大剂量注射2%四氧嘧啶(alloxan)的方法制备IDDM小鼠模型,联合给予硒(Se)、维生素E(VE)、钒(V)、铬(Cr),测定脾活性氧(ROS)水平以及心、脑、肾中MDA含量和GSH-Px、SOD、GSH-ST活性。结果:IDDM小鼠脾ROS水平以及心、脑MDA含量明显增高(P<0.01),而肾中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01);联合应用AM可降低IDDM小鼠脾ROS水平及心、脑MDA含量,并提高心GSH-Px、肾SOD及心、肾GSH-ST活性。结论:联合应用AM可在一定程度上拮抗IDDM时的氧化侵袭损害,对防治糖尿病微血管病变以及并发症有重要意义。     

尿囊素的药理作用机制研究进展

尿囊素是一种天然的、安全的,无毒的咪唑类杂环化合物,具有多种药理作用。随着尿囊素药理特性的不断深入研究,发现其涉及到多种分子机制,如激活咪唑啉受体、提高能量代谢、抗氧化应激、抗炎等。归纳总结了尿囊素的药理作用机制,以期为尿囊素的后续研究和开发利用提供参考。     

丁香酚防治牙周炎的药理作用研究进展

牙周炎是常见的口腔病变。抗生素治疗是牙周炎的常用治疗手段,但长期使用能引起不同程度的耐药性。丁香酚是从丁香中提取的有效成分,可通过抑菌作用、抗氧化作用、抗炎作用、调节巨噬细胞功能、阻止破骨细胞活化、镇痛作用、促骨再生作用等多种途径发挥防治牙周炎的作用。综述了丁香酚防治牙周炎的药理作用,为丁香酚在牙周炎的使用提供循证支持。     

铁皮石斛复方制剂的抗氧化和延缓衰老作用研究

目的 研究铁皮石斛复方制剂的抗氧化和延缓衰老作用.方法 通过二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)和羟自由基清除实验检测铁皮石斛复方制剂的体外抗氧化活性.利用秀丽线虫氧化应激模型,验证铁皮石斛复方制剂的体内抗氧化活性,同时在正常条件下检测铁皮石斛复方制剂对寿命的影响.在氧化应激条件下,测定铁皮石斛复方制剂对秀丽线虫活性氧(ROS)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果 铁皮石斛复方制剂对DPPH和羟自由基均有较好的清除作用,在16.0 mg/mL质量浓度下对DPPH和羟自由基清除率均达到60%.铁皮石斛复方制剂能提高秀丽线虫在高浓度百草枯(50 mmol/L)氧化胁迫条件下的存活率,同时也能延长其在正常条件下的寿命.在低浓度百草枯(2 mmol/L)氧化胁迫下,铁皮石斛复方制剂能显著降低秀丽线虫ROS含量并增强SOD活力,但对CAT活力和MDA含量没有明显影响.结论 铁皮石斛复方制剂具有抗氧化活性,能提高秀丽线虫在氧化胁迫条件下的存活率并延长寿命,其机制可能与提高秀丽线虫SOD活力有关.