Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in centre-involving diabetic macular edema

Purpose:Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the mainstay in the management of center-involving diabetic macular edema (CI-DME). Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to treat CI-DME as well. Whether there is any benefit of using both together has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare visual acuity and OCT outcomes in patients with CI-DME who receive intravitreal anti-VEGF with and without topical NSAIDs in CI-DME.Methods:This was A retrospective observational study in two centers in India. The study compared visual and OCT parameters of patients with CI-DME treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF monotherapy (group 1, N = 100) versus intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with topical NSAIDs (group 2, N = 50) over 1-year follow-up. Continuous and categorical parameters were compared using parametric and nonparametric tests, respectively.Results:Over the 1-year follow-up, group 2 received more mean number of intravitreal injections (group 1: 2.26 ± 1.71 vs. group 2: 3.74 ± 2.42; P < 0.0001). There were no differences between the groups in visual acuity and OCT thickness at 1-year follow-up.Conclusion:Combination therapy of topical NSAIDs with intravitreal anti-VEGF did not show any beneficial effects in terms of visual outcomes, reduction in central subfoveal thickness, or reduction in the mean number of injections in our study.     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of intraocular lymphoma: a single-center experience in China

AIM:To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,treatments,and outcomes of intraocular lymphoma.METHODS:In this retrospective study,16 patients(28 eyes)with intraocular lymphoma were recruited in the Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,from 2004 to 2019.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.Vitreous specimens of 13 patients were sent for cytopathology examination and other adjunctive diagnostic procedures.Three patients were diagnosed with intraocular lymphoma according to analysis of the histopathological results of systemic lymphoma by one clinician.Twenty-three eyes were treated with intravitreal administration of methotrexate,4 eyes could not receive ocular treatment due to life-threatening lymphoma,and 1 eye did not require ocular treatment because the fundus lesions regressed after systematic chemotherapy.RESULTS:In 28 eyes,25 eyes were diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma,and 3 eyes were diagnosed with ciliary body lymphoma,all of which were non-Hodgkin diffuse large B cell lymphomas.The final visual acuity improved in 15 eyes(54%),remained unchanged in 5 eyes(18%),and decreased in 8 eyes(29%).Anterior segment inflammation disappeared or reduced in 8 and 5 eyes,respectively;and 15 eyes had no anterior segment reaction.Twenty eyes had mild vitreous opacity,1 eye had mild vitritis,and 7 eyes had pars plana vitrectomy combinedwith silicone oil tamponade.Fundus lesions disappeared in 9 eyes and were relieved in 5 eyes;4 eyes showed no changes,and the remaining 10 eyes’fundus were normal.CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of intraocular lymphoma are diverse,and the misdiagnosis rate is high.Cytopathological analysis of vitreous is one of the gold standards for the diagnosis.Immunohistochemistry,gene rearrangement and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis can improve the diagnostic rate.Ocular chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens may preserve visual acuity,and a multidisciplinary team can provide individualized treatment for the patients.     

Pegaptanib治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的临床研究

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-relatedmaculardegeneration,AMD)是发达国家老年人的主要致盲眼病,脉络膜新生血管(choroidalneovascularization,CNV)的形成是湿性AMD患者丧失视力的主要原因。CNV的发生机制尚不清楚,已证实血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfac-tor,VEGF)是诱发CNV的关键因素之一。Pegaptanib作为眼科领域应用的第一种VEGF抑制剂,通过抑制CNV形成和血管渗漏,对湿性AMD已初步显示出较传统疗法更优越的治疗效果。随着对CNV发生机制的深入研究,针对病因进行治疗,将有可能更加有效的防治湿性AMD等CNV相关疾病。     

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者抗血管内皮生长因子治疗敏感性的影响因素:基于房水细胞因子分析

目的 通过分析湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)患者抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗后房水细胞因子浓度的改变及房水细胞因子与相关指标之间的相关性,探讨影响wAMD患者抗VEGF治疗敏感性的因素.方法 选取2019年8月至2020年1月于广州中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的wAMD患者(观察组)和白内障患者(对照组)各30...     

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者抗VEGF治疗无效的因素分析和视功能预后

目的 探讨湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)患者玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗无效的影响因素和视功能预后.方法 回顾性分析97例(97眼)wAMD患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行连续3个月、玻璃体内每个月注射1次抗VEGF治疗.观察并记录患者治疗后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)....     

联合抗VEGF药物的综合疗法治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效

目的　探讨联合抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）药物的综合疗法治疗新生血管性青光眼（neovascular glaucoma,NVG）的临床疗效。方法　选取2015年1月至2017年10月在我院住院治疗的NVG患者60例（60眼）,将所有患者按手术方案不同分为试验组和对照组,每组30例（30眼）,试验组采用抗VEGF综合疗法,即抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射、全视网膜光凝（panretinal photocoagulation,PRP）及复合小梁切除术联合治疗方案。对照组行传统的睫状体冷凝术。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月的眼压、视力变化及临床疗效,随访时间为3个月。结果　两组患者基线特征比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组患者治疗后眼压变化差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗后视力比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.680,P＜0.05）;两组患者临床疗效（试验组86.67%、对照组83.33%）比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组患者眼轴长度变化差异有统计学意义（t=5.835,P＜0.05）。结论　NVG患者接受抗VEGF药物综合疗法能获得正常稳定的眼压,稳定术前视力,减少术后并发症,避免眼球萎缩。     

Quantitative analysis of retinal intermediate and deep capillary plexus in patients with retinal deep vascular complex ischemia

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal corticoid as an adjunctive therapy to anti-VEGF treatment of neovascular age-related macular Degeneration (nvAMD). METHODS: Four databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the clinicaltrials.gov were comprehensively searched for studies comparing intravitreal corticoid plus anti-VEGF (IVC/IVA) vs anti-VEGF monotherapy (IVA) in patients with nvAMD. GRADE profiler was used to assess the quality of outcomes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and adverse events including the occurrence of severe elevation of intraretinal pressure (IOP) and the progress of cataract were extracted from the eligible studies. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There was no statistic difference between mean change in BCVA at 6mo and 12mo (95% CI: -2.28 to 4.24, P=0.55). Mean change of CMT at 6mo and 12mo: no statistically significant difference were found in CMT at this time point (95% CI:-17.98 to 16.42, P=0.93). Occurrence of severe elevation of IOP: the risk in the IVC/IVA group was higher than that in the IVA group (95% CI: 1.92 to 9.48; P=0.0004). Cataract progression events: no statistic difference was found (95% CI: 0.74 to 4.66; P=0.18). CONCLUSION: No visual or anatomical benefits are observed in IVC/IVA group at 6mo. At 12mo, the CMT of the IVC/IVA group is significantly lower than that of the IVA group. Risk of severe elevation of IOP is significantly higher when treated by IVC/IVA.     

Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments: state of the art and future perspectives in the treatment of non-haematological tumors

Introduction: The use of monoclonal antibodies is one of the strategies for targeting the specific key points of the main pathways of cancer growth and survival, but only a few antibodies have offered a clear clinical benefit in the treatment of non-haematological malignancies.

Areas covered: This review summarizes the general properties of monoclonal antibodies, including structure, nomenclature and production techniques. The antibodies approved for use in clinical practice for the treatment of non-haematological tumors and those antibodies still being developed in this setting are briefly described. The types of antibody fragments are also reported.

Expert opinion: Monoclonal antibodies were initially developed in order to avoid the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on healthy tissues. However antibodies have not yet replaced chemotherapy agents, since the combination of both kinds of drugs have usually appeared to achieve higher benefit compared with chemotherapy alone. The research for the development of new monoclonal antibodies aims to identify further targets and to provide innovative antibody constructs.