阿加曲班治疗急性脉络膜前动脉梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨阿加曲班抗凝治疗急性脉络膜前动脉梗死患者的疗效。方法将急性脉络膜前动脉梗死患者40例分为阿加曲班组(20例)和对照组(20例)。2组均给予他汀类稳定斑块,控制危险因素(血压、血糖)等基础治疗。在基础治疗上,阿加曲班组第1、2天给予阿加曲班120mg/d,48h持续静脉泵入,第3~7天给予阿加曲班20mg,2次/d,抗凝治疗结束后加用阿司匹林100mg/d,氯吡格雷75mg/d;对照组入院后给予阿司匹林100mg/d,氯吡格雷75mg/d,持续应用。测定2组治疗前及治疗后第7、14、30天NIHSS评分及有效率。治疗前完善头颅影像学、血常规、肝肾功能及凝血功能等生化指标。治疗期间观察用药相关不良反应。结果治疗后第7、14、30天与治疗前比较NIHSS评分均降低,以治疗后第30天最为显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);阿加曲班组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿加曲班可明显改善急性脉络膜前动脉供血区梗死者的神经功能缺损,改善远期预后,显效率高,安全性好。     

Effects of cognitive- and motor-dual tasks on postural control regularity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundHigh injury rates following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) motivate the need to better understand lingering movement deficiencies following return to sport. Athletic competition involves various types of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges; however, postural control deficiencies during this spectrum of conditions are not well understood following ACLR.Research questionTo what extent is postural control altered following ACLR in the presence of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges, and does postural control correlate with patient-reported symptoms?MethodsFourteen individuals following ACLR (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 2.4 yr, 76.9 ± 19.1 kg, 1.70 ± 0.14 m) and fourteen matched healthy controls (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 1.4 yr, 75.4 ± 15.3 kg, 1.70 ± 0.15 m) participated in the study. Participants completed single-leg balance, ACLR limb or matched side for controls, under four conditions: 1) eyes open, 2) eyes closed, 3) visual-cognitive dual task (i.e., reverse digit span), and 4) motor dual task (i.e., catching a ball). Sample entropy (SEn) was calculated for each balance condition to characterize regularity of center of pressure control. Participants also completed patient-reported outcomes to characterize self-reported knee function, symptoms, and fear. A mixed effects model tested for differences in SEn between balance conditions, and Spearman correlations tested for relationships between SEn and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsA significant Group-by-Condition interaction was detected (P = 0.043). While the motor dual task and eyes closed balance conditions were associated with the lowest SEn for both groups, only the visual-cognitive dual task condition demonstrated a significant difference between groups, with the ACLR group having lower SEn [95% confidence interval for ΔSEn: (0.03, 0.35)]. Lower KOOS-Sport scores were associated with decreased SEn for the ACLR group (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.001).SignificanceThese findings are consistent with ACLR individuals using a less automatic approach to postural control compared to controls, particularly when presented with a visual-cognitive challenge. Altered neuromuscular control persists well after ACLR surgery and can be related to patient-reported outcomes.     

Perivascular fat attenuation for predicting adverse cardiac events in stable patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography

BackgroundInflammation surrounding the coronary arteries can be non-invasively assessed using pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT). While PCAT holds promise for further risk stratification of patients with low coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence, its value in higher risk populations remains unknown.MethodsCORE320 enrolled patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with known or suspected CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images were collected for 381 patients for whom clinical outcomes were assessed 5 years after enrollment. Using semi-automated image analysis software, PCAT was obtained and normalized for the right coronary (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The association between PCAT and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow up was assessed using Cox regression models.ResultsThirty-seven patients were excluded due to technical failure. For the remaining 344 patients, median age was 62 (interquartile range, 55–68) with 59% having ≥1 coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Mean attenuation values for PCAT in RCA, LAD, and LCx were ?74.9, ?74.2, and ?71.2, respectively. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for normalized PCAT in the RCA, LAD, and LCx for MACE were 0.96 (CI: 0.75–1.22, p ?= ?0.71), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.96–1.78, p ?= ?0.09), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78–1.22, p ?= ?0.84), respectively. For death, stroke, or myocardial infarction only, hazard ratios were 0.68 (0.44–1.07), 0.85 (0.56–1.29), and 0.57 (0.41–0.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected CAD, PCAT did not predict MACE during long term follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of PCAT with CAD risk.     

前路融合钢板内固定治疗不稳定的Hangman骨折

目的探讨前路融合内固定手术治疗Hangman骨折的疗效。方法 2005-12-2009-12我科应用前路融合钢板内固定治疗Hangman骨折13例,男10例,女3例,年龄24～58岁,平均37.4岁。Levine-EdwardsⅡ型7例,Ⅱa型4例,Ⅲ型2例。术前使用Halo-vest架复位固定。患者颈前右侧入路显露C2-3间隙,减压后植入自体髂骨块或椎间融合器并行钢板内固定。结果术后未发现血管神经损伤并发症,X线片显示骨折均达到解剖复位,骨性愈合时间在3～4个月,颈部旋转屈伸功能正常,未发现内固定断裂及松动。结论前路减压植骨内固定治疗不稳定的Hangman骨折,融合固定可靠,无须长期卧床或佩戴Halo氏架,是一种效果确切的治疗方法。     

人工结肠瓣在低位直肠癌根治术中的应用(附12例报告)

目的 探讨人工结肠瓣在低位直肠癌根治术后对排便功能的影响.方法 对12例低位保肛直肠癌患者在行低位保肛术后采用人工结肠瓣技术,并观察其术后肛门功能.结果 12例患者成功行低位保肛手术治疗,术后随访6～12个月,患者排便次数减少,排便紧迫感较轻,有较强的排便控制能力.结论 人工结肠瓣的应用,可以延缓粪便通过时间,改善排便功能.     

前路手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫的临床分析

目的探讨前路减压内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫的临床效果。方法采用前路减压、Kane-da内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫30例。结果 30例均获得随访,时间6～24个月。脊髓神经功能恢复情况按Frankel分级:A级3例恢复至C级1例,2例无恢复;B级3例恢复至D级1例,C级2例;C级12例恢复至D级5例,E级4例,3例无恢复;D级12例恢复至E级10例,2例无恢复。结论前路减压治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫可直接有效地解除脊髓压迫,为神经功能恢复创造条件,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫的有效方法。     

前路减压钛网植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折疗效观察

目的探讨前路减压钛网植骨钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法对85例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者采用胸膜外腹膜后入路前路减压钛网植骨钢板内固定。结果手术均顺利完成,手术时间120～190min,术中出血量500～1 500 ml。85例均获随访,时间5～72个月。患者植骨均融合,椎体高度无丢失,钛网及钢板无移位断裂。术前59例神经功能损伤患者末次随访时37例ASIA分级有1～2级恢复,无加重病例。结论前路减压钛网植骨内固定治疗不稳定性胸腰椎爆裂骨折减压彻底,固定牢靠,疗效肯定。     

股骨Blumensaat线的MRI测量及其对重建ACL的意义

目的应用MRI对股骨Blumensaat线的测量,为重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)提供参考。方法通过选择100例正常的膝关节伸直位磁共振检查结果,在适当的切面上绘制Blumensaat线延长线与胫骨平台的交点,测量其在胫骨矢状径位置及其与后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)的距离,并与ACL胫骨侧生理止点中心和PCL的距离比较。结果 Blumensaat线延长线与胫骨平台的交点在胫骨矢状径上距前缘(51.9±7.3)%,与PCL距离(14.2±2.5)mm,较ACL生理止点中心靠后。结论为避免髁间窝前方撞击,重建ACL胫骨侧止点定位于胫骨平台生理性止点中心后方或PCL前方8～10mm,个别人需更后方。     

关节镜和开放治疗复发性肩关节前方不稳的Meta分析

目的系统评价关节镜下和开放手术治疗青壮年复发性肩关节前方不稳定的疗效。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2011年第6期)、MEDLINE(1966年至2011年6月)、EMBase(1966年至2011年6月)、中国生物医学文献数据库(1979年1月至2011年6月)、PubMed(1966年6月至2011年6月)、万方数据库和维普数据库,手工检索中文骨科期刊的相关文献。收集所有关节镜与开放手术比较治疗青壮年患者(18～55岁)复发性肩关节前方不稳的随机对照试验,筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行严格的质量评价后应用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入5个随机对照试验,包含278例患者。Meta分析结果显示,术后肩关节Rowe评分(WMD=4.43,95%CI2.27～6.59),关节镜手术治疗组优于开放手术治疗组。但二者在术后肩关节不稳复发(RR=1.31,95%CI0.51～3.34)、术后神经损伤(RR=0.51,95%CI0.11～2.32)、术后再手术(RR=0.49,95%CI0.11～2.27)、术后恢复伤前功能(RR=0.96,95%CI0.80～1.15)等方面比较均无统计学意义。结论与传统开放手术相比,关节镜手术治疗青壮年复发性肩关节前向不稳,术后肩关节Rowe评分具有优势,但术后并发症等方面二者间无明显差异。     

经肘前入路软骨钉治疗肱骨小头骨折

目的探讨经肘前人路软骨钉治疗肱骨小头骨折内固定手术的方法和疗效。方法 2008年6月至2011年8月,采用经肘关节前侧＂S＂形入路可吸收软骨钉内固定治疗肱骨小头骨折12例,男8例,女4例,年龄12～52岁,平均28.5岁,Ⅰ型骨折5例,Ⅱ型骨折3例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型2例;其中有3例合并有桡骨小头骨折,1例合并有尺骨冠状突骨折。结果随访6～36个月,平均25个月。骨折临床愈合时间4～10周,平均6周。根据Morrey肘关节功能评分标准,良好（满意）9例,一般3例,无骨不连及肱骨小头缺血性坏死发生。结论肘前人路损伤小,暴露清楚,可直视下对肱骨小头的骨折块进行解剖复位;可吸收软骨钉对关节软骨面的损伤小,固定牢靠,可早期进行功能锻炼,无需二次取出,有利于肘关节功能的良好恢复。